408 research outputs found
Non-Fourier heat transport in metal-dielectric core-shell nanoparticles under ultrafast laser pulse excitation
Relaxation dynamics of embedded metal nanoparticles after ultrafast laser
pulse excitation is driven by thermal phenomena of different origins the
accurate description of which is crucial for interpreting experimental results:
hot electron gas generation, electron-phonon coupling, heat transfer to the
particle environment and heat propagation in the latter. Regardingthis last
mechanism, it is well known that heat transport in nanoscale structures and/or
at ultrashort timescales may deviate from the predictions of the Fourier law.
In these cases heat transport may rather be described by the Boltzmann
transport equation. We present a numerical model allowing us to determine the
electron and lattice temperature dynamics in a spherical gold nanoparticle core
under subpicosecond pulsed excitation, as well as that of the surrounding shell
dielectric medium. For this, we have used the electron-phonon coupling equation
in the particle with a source term linked with the laser pulse absorption, and
the ballistic-diffusive equations for heat conduction in the host medium.
Either thermalizing or adiabatic boundary conditions have been considered at
the shell external surface. Our results show that the heat transfer rate from
the particle to the matrix can be significantly smaller than the prediction of
Fourier's law. Consequently, the particle temperature rise is larger and its
cooling dynamics might be slower than that obtained by using Fourier's law.
This difference is attributed to the nonlocal and nonequilibrium heat
conduction in the vicinity of the core nanoparticle. These results are expected
to be of great importance for analyzing pump-probe experiments performed on
single nanoparticles or nanocomposite media
Cooling Dynamics of a Gold Nanoparticle in a Host Medium Under Ultrafast Laser Pulse Excitation: A Ballistic-Diffusive Approach
We present a numerical model allowing to determine the electron and lattice
temperature dynamics in a gold nanoparticle under subpicosecond pulsed
excitation, as well as that of the surrounding medium. For this, we have used
the electron-phonon coupling equation in the particle with a source term linked
with the laser pulse, and the ballistic-diffusive equations for heat conduction
in the host medium. Our results show that the heat transfer rate from the
particle to the matrix is significantly smaller than the prediction of
Fourier's law. Consequently, the particle temperature rise is much larger and
its cooling dynamics is much slower than that obtained using Fourier's law,
which is attributed to the nonlocal and nonequilibrium heat conduction in the
vicinity of the nanoparticle. These results are expected to be of great
importance for interpreting pump-probe experiments performed on single
nanoparticles or nanocomposite media
'Spillout' effect in gold nanoclusters embedded in c-Al2O3(0001) matrix
Gold nanoclusters are grown by 1.8 MeV Au^\sup{2+} implantation on
c-Al\sub{2}O\sub{3}(0001)substrate and subsequent air annealing at temperatures
1273K. Post-annealed samples show plasmon resonance in the optical (561-579 nm)
region for average cluster sizes ~1.72-2.4 nm. A redshift of the plasmon peak
with decreasing cluster size in the post-annealed samples is assigned to the
'spillout' effect (reduction of electron density) for clusters with ~157-427
number of Au atoms fully embedded in crystalline dielectric matrix with
increased polarizability in the embedded system.Comment: 14 Pages (figures included); Accepted in Chem. Phys. Lett (In Press
Resonant Raman Scattering by quadrupolar vibrations of Ni-Ag Core-shell Nanoparticles
Low-frequency Raman scattering experiments have been performed on thin films
consisting of nickel-silver composite nanoparticles embedded in alumina matrix.
It is observed that the Raman scattering by the quadrupolar modes, strongly
enhanced when the light excitation is resonant with the surface dipolar
excitation, is mainly governed by the silver electron contribution to the
plasmon excitation. The Raman results are in agreement with a core-shell
structure of the nanoparticles, the silver shell being loosely bonded to the
nickel core.Comment: 3 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev.
Thermal Excitation of Broadband and Long-range Surface Waves on SiO 2 Submicron Films
We detect thermally excited surfaces waves on a submicron SiO 2 layer,
including Zenneck and guided modes in addition to Surface Phonon Polaritons.
The measurements show the existence of these hybrid thermal-electromagnetic
waves from near-(2.7 m) to far-(11.2 m) infrared. Their propagation
distances reach values on the order of the millimeter, several orders of
magnitude larger than on semi-infinite systems. These two features, spectral
broadness and long range propagation, make these waves good candidates for
near-field applications both in optics and thermics due to their dual nature.Comment: Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics, 201
Wetting to Non-wetting Transition in Sodium-Coated C_60
Based on ab initi and density-functional theory calculations, an empirical
potential is proposed to model the interaction between a fullerene molecule and
many sodium atoms. This model predicts homogeneous coverage of C_60 below 8 Na
atoms, and a progressive droplet formation above this size. The effects of
ionization, temperature, and external electric field indicate that the various,
and apparently contradictory, experimental results can indeed be put into
agreement.Comment: 4 pages, 4 postscript figure
Structural, Functional, and Evolutionary Implications of a Histidine Moieity in Cardiac Troponin I.
Regulation of cardiac output is mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate the rhythmic transitions between contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole). At the level of cardiac myofilaments, the troponin complex (troponin I (TnI), troponin C (TnC), and troponin T (TnT)) is the allosteric regulatory unit that controls the transition between active and inactive actomyosin cross-bridges. This is accomplished by the C-terminal switch arm of TnI toggling between actin during diastole and cTnC during systole in a calcium-dependent manner.
These studies elucidate new knowledge regarding the structural, functional, and evolutionary implications of a histidine residue in the switch arm of troponin I. Molecular modeling of TnI isoforms and large scale bioinformatics analysis of chordate phylogenies were used to study the evolution of the cardiac troponin complex. At the molecular level, a single histidine to alanine substitution in the cTnI switch arm was the most effective mechanism for decreasing the binding free energy at the regulatory interface of TnI and TnC. Evidence suggests that this single amino acid substitution increases the intrinsic relaxation potential of the cTn complex enhancing diastolic performance to meet mammalian lusitropic demands.
A histidine button in TnI is known to provide a therapeutic basis for pH responsive titratable inotropy in response to various cardiac stresses. As such, the physiological implications of a histidine button in mammalian cardiac TnI (cTnI A164H) were studied. Whole organ in vivo cardiac hemodynamic analysis shows that cTnI A164H Tg mice protect cardiac function from age-induced cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, cTnI A164H Tg hearts sustain cardiac performance during severe hypercapnic acidosis compared to complete pump failure with 100% mortality observed in control mice.
In situ and in silico site-directed protein mutagenesis, in vitro cellular biophysics, and atomic resolution molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyze the therapeutic basis for a histidine button in cTnI. Evidence suggests that differential ionization of histidine mediates the titratable inotropy observed in myofilaments containing cTnI A164H.Ph.D.Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64822/1/npalpant_1.pd
A Track for Change: Roller derby’s impact on primary role identity
Study Aim: To explore how participation in competitive roller derby affects identity formation in women’s primary occupational roles
pH-Responsive Titratable Inotropic Performance of Histidine-Modified Cardiac Troponin I
AbstractCardiac troponin I (cTnI) functions as the molecular switch of the thin filament. Studies have shown that a histidine button engineered into cTnI (cTnI A164H) specifically enhances inotropic function in the context of numerous pathophysiological challenges. To gain mechanistic insight into the basis of this finding, we analyzed histidine ionization states in vitro by studying the myofilament biophysics of amino acid substitutions that act as constitutive chemical mimetics of altered histidine ionization. We also assessed the role of histidine-modified cTnI in silico by means of molecular dynamics simulations. A functional in vitro analysis of myocytes at baseline (pH 7.4) indicated similar cellular contractile function and myofilament calcium sensitivity between myocytes expressing wild-type (WT) cTnI and cTnI A164H, whereas the A164R variant showed increased myofilament calcium sensitivity. Under acidic conditions, compared with WT myocytes, the myocytes expressing cTnI A164H maintained a contractile performance similar to that observed for the constitutively protonated cTnI A164R variant. Molecular dynamics simulations showed similar intermolecular atomic contacts between the WT and the deprotonated cTnI A164H variant. In contrast, simulations of protonated cTnI A164H showed various potential structural configurations, one of which included a salt bridge between His-164 of cTnI and Glu-19 of cTnC. This salt bridge was recapitulated in simulations of the cTnI A164R variant. These data suggest that differential histidine ionization may be necessary for cTnI A164H to act as a molecular sensor capable of modulating sarcomere performance in response to changes in the cytosolic milieu
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