Aroma Fingerprint Characterisation of La Mancha Red Wines

In the present study, Rojal, Moravia Dulce and Tortosí wines were elaborated across four harvests (2006to 2009) from minority red grape varieties cultivated in the La Mancha region of Spain. Wines werestudied by instrumental and sensory analysis to determine the influence of grape variety on the aromaof the wine. Aroma compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE) to later be analysed usinggas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The odour activity values (OAVs) for the differentcompounds were classified into seven odorant series that describe the aroma profile of these wines (1: fruity,2: floral, 3: green/fresh, 4: sweet, 5: spice, 6: fatty, and 7: other odours). The total intensities of everyaromatic series were calculated as sum of the OAV of each one of the compounds assigned to this series. Allwines showed the same sequence, with the highest aroma contribution being those of the sweet and fruityseries, followed by fatty. The sensory profile of Rojal, Moravia Dulce and Tortosí wines was evaluated byexperienced wine tasters using a non-structured scale. The panellists founded several differences betweentheir sensory profiles. This study provides a complete aromatic characterisation of these wines

Biogeographical boundaries, functional group structure and diversity of rocky shore communities along the Argentinean coast

We investigate the extent to which functional structure and spatial variability of intertidal communities coincide with major biogeographical boundaries, areas where extensive compositional changes in the biota are observed over a limited geographic extension. We then investigate whether spatial variation in the biomass of functional groups, over geographic (10′s km) and local (10′s m) scales, could be associated to species diversity within and among these groups. Functional community structure expressed as abundance (density, cover and biomass) and composition of major functional groups was quantified through field surveys at 20 rocky intertidal shores spanning six degrees of latitude along the southwest Atlantic coast of Argentina and extending across the boundaries between the Argentinean and Magellanic Provinces. Patterns of abundance of individual functional groups were not uniformly matched with biogeographical regions. Only ephemeral algae showed an abrupt geographical discontinuity coincident with changes in biogeographic boundaries, and this was limited to the mid intertidal zone. We identified 3–4 main ‘groups’ of sites in terms of the total and relative abundance of the major functional groups, but these did not coincide with biogeographical boundaries, nor did they follow latitudinal arrangement. Thus, processes that determine the functional structure of these intertidal communities are insensitive to biogeographical boundaries. Over both geographical and local spatial scales, and for most functional groups and tidal levels, increases in species richness within the functional group was significantly associated to increased total biomass and reduced spatial variability of the group. These results suggest that species belonging to the same functional group are sufficiently uncorrelated over space (i.e. metres and site-to-site ) to stabilize patterns of biomass variability and, in this manner, provide a buffer, or “insurance”, against spatial variability in environmental conditions

Identification of the water stress level in olive trees during pit hardening using the trunk growth rate indicator.

Water scarcity is generating an increasing interest in deficit irrigation scheduling. The trunk diameter fluctuations are daily cycles that have been suggested as tools for irrigation scheduling. The trunk growth rate (TGR) was suggested as the best indicator for olive trees during pit hardening. The aim of this work is to clarify how the TGR could be used to identify water stress levels. The experiment was performed during the 2017 season, in a commercial, super-high-density orchard in Carmona (Seville, Spain). Four different irrigation treatments were performed according to midday stem water potential values and TGR. The data obtained were very variable and both indicators presented a wide range of water status throughout the season. The maximum trunk diameter data clearly showed the pattern of the trees water status but the comparison between treatments and the identification of the water stress level was not possible. The average TGR was linked to the midday stem water potential, but with a minimum amount of data. Irrigation scheduling based on the average TGR was difficult because of the great increases in some daily TGR values. For clarity, the pool of data was grouped by midday stem water potential. These water stress levels were characterized using the weekly frequency of TGR values. The increase of water stress reduced the frequency of values between -0.1 and 0.3mm day-1 from 60% to less than 25%. Moderate water stress levels increased the percentage of values lower than -0.3mm day-1 from 7% to 37%. The most severe water stress conditions increased the TGR values between -0.3 and -0.1mm day-1 from 16% up to 22%.IRNASINSTITUTO DE LA GRASACSI

Modeling trade-offs across carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and equity in the distribution of global REDD+ funds

The program on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is one of the major attempts to tackle climate change mitigation in developing countries. REDD+ seeks to provide result-based incentives to promote emission reductions and increase carbon sinks in forest land while promoting other cobenefits, such as the conservation of biodiversity. We model different scenarios of international REDD+ funds distribution toward potential recipient countries using 2 carbon emission reduction targets (20% and 50% compared to the baseline scenario, i.e., deforestation and forest degradation without REDD+) by 2030. The model combines the prioritization of environmental outcomes in terms of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation and social equity, accounting for the equitable distribution of international REDD+ funds. Results highlight the synergy between carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation under alternative fund allocation criteria, especially for scenarios of low carbon emission reduction. Trade-offs increase when distributional equity is considered as an additional criterion, especially under higher equity requirements. The analysis helps to better understand the inherent trade-offs between enhancing distributional equity and meeting environmental targets under alternative REDD+ fund allocation options. (c) 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.I.P. is supported by a grant by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (IJCI-2016–28475). I.P., U.P., and M.J.S. are supported under the Basque Centre for Climate Change “Unit of Excellence” (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; MDM-2017-0714)

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos en población adulta de Talca, Chile, 2005

Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. Instituto de Matemática y Física, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has several traditional risk factors (RF), and some of them are potentially modifiable. Aim: To determine the prevalence of most common risk factors in adult population in Talca in Central Chile. Subjects and methods: We studied 1007 subjects aged 18 to 74 years (66% women), living in Talca, selected by a probability sampling. They answered a questionnaire and anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile and blood glucose were measured. Results: Thirty seven percent of subjects smoked, 70.1% had a body mass index over 25 kg/m2 and 41% had an abnormally high circumference. High blood pressure was found in 37% (36% of these subjects were unaware of this condition), 44.5% had hypercholesterolemia, 21.5% had low HDL cholesterol, 40.1% had hypertriglyceridemia and 26.3% had high blood glucose levels. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of risk factors for CVD in adult population from Talca. The prevalence of risk factors is higher than that reported by the 2003 National Health Survery

Tecnologías wiki en la docencia de Ingeniería Informática

En este artículo presentamos varios proyectos que se están desarrollando en las titulaciones de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Cádiz relativos a tecnologías wiki. WikiHaskell es un wiki en el que los alumnos crean material complementario sobre bibliotecas del lenguaje Haskell. Para evaluar su trabajo se ha desarrollado un software libre de análisis estadístico para wikis, StatMediaWiki. Por otro lado, WikiUNIX recopila información sobre administración de sistemas operativos UNIX, incluyendo ejercicios con scripts de comprobación de resultados y un sistema GNU/Linux virtual para practicar. Estos wikis y otros que comentamos tienen su contenido bajo licencia libre y están accesibles públicamente.Peer Reviewe

Effect of Oak Chip Addition at Different Winemaking Stages on Phenolic Composition of Moravia Agria Red Wines

This study compared changes in the phenolic composition of Moravia Agria wine and its effect on colour,co-pigmentation as well as on physicochemical properties, such as antioxidant capacity, caused by addingoak chips at different stages of the winemaking process. Moravia Agria control wine was made followingtraditional winemaking processes, without oak chips. Oak chips were added to the rest of the wines attwo dose rates (3 and 6 g/L) at different stages of the winemaking process: for one week during alcoholicfermentation, during malolactic fermentation and in young red Moravia Agria wine. Only slight significantdifferences were found in phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and chromatic characteristics betweenthe Moravia Agria wines treated with oak chips and the control wine. However, oak chip addition slightlydecreased the content of non-polymeric red pigments (monomeric anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins)and also of resveratrol-monomer stilbenes. It is suggested that oak chip addition to Moravia Agria winescan be selected as part of the targeted sensory profile (relative intensity of sensory descriptors providedby grape and oak wood), since only a few changes have been observed in the phenolic profiles, antioxidantcapacity value and colour characteristics

Patrón de comportamiento tipo A, ira y enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en población urbana chilena

Diaz, EM (Moyano Diaz, Emilio)1; Icaza, G (Icaza, Gloria); Mujica, V (Mujica, Veronica); Nunez, L (Nunez, Loreto); Leiva, E (Leiva, Elba); Vasquez, M (Vasquez, Marcela); Palomo, I (Palomo, Ivan)A worldwide raise in the number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the existence of a higher percentage in Maule (Chile) than the national media, and increased attention in the analysis of psychological factors motivate to analyze the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) and anger in relation to CVD. The sample was 1007 adults between 18 and 74 years old (citizens of Talca, Chile), mostly women. They provided information about their demographic details, eating habits and lifestyle, answered the Novaco's Anger inventory and the Retiro Scale of Type A Behavior (RSTAB), and also were taken measurements like weight, body mass index and blood pressure and blood tests related to risk factors to traditional cardiovascular diseases. The results show Overall, that the participants appear highly sedentary (79.9%) with relatively high levels of tabaquism (53.6%), and hypercholesterolemia (44.5%), overweight (40.7%) and obesity (32.6%). A quarter of the sample also presents hyperglycemic indexes, hypertension and TABP unequally distributed by sex. The absence of PCTA (or PCTB presence) appeared mostly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CRF). Regarding anger, women present more high than men (2.1% against 0.3%; c(2)(3) = 27.99,p<.0001), decreasing for both sexes with age, while also befall stroke by sex