La sanción grave de aislamiento en el reglamento del código de ejecución penal frente al sistema penitenciario progresivo

Muchos de los que conocen la realidad de nuestro Sistema Penitenciario están de acuerdo con que esta institución se encuentra actualmente en dificultades siendo necesario tomar medidas sobre este problema. La presente investigación no busca incrementar la punición, puesto que la realidad muestra que este tratamiento no es efectivo, sino regresar al fundamento de la pena; es decir, establecer si el tratamiento penitenciario existente se adecua al sistema Progresivo que tiene como fundamento buscar la reeducación, rehabilitación y reincorporación del penado en la sociedad. Para ello se ha tomado la sanción más grave en la ejecución de una sanción penitenciaria, como es la de aislamiento, para desde ahí ofrecer un panorama sinóptico de nuestra realidad penitenciaria e intentar readecuarla a nuestro Sistema Penitenciario vigente

Diseño y modelamiento estructural del sistema de placas de concreto del Conjunto Residencial Las Torres Cercado de Lima – Lima – Perú

El actual trabajo de tesis consiste en el desarrollo del diseño y modelamiento estructural de 5 departamentos de 4 edificaciones que en total seria 20 departamentos, los cuales forman parte del conjunto residencial LAS TORRES, su ubicación es en la Av. Alejandro Bertello en el distrito de Cercado de Lima, provincia y departamento de Lima. Cada edificio consta de 5 pisos más azotea, el cual posee los siguientes ambientes: sala, comedor, cocina, 03 dormitorios y 03 SS.HH. El estudio de Mecánica de Suelos, realizado por el Ing. Carlos Manuel Segura Pérez, N° CIP 32385, señala que para fines de cimentación se propone zapatas rígidas que estarán apoyadas sobre grava mal graduada con una capacidad portante de 2.07 kg/cm2 a una profundidad de cimentación de 1.20m a partir del nivel de terreno natural. Por lo cual, se está cimentando desde un NFZ. -1.30m hasta un NFZ. -1.90m considerando una falsa zapata a NFFZ = -3.90m. Para crear y estudiar la estructura de la edificación se realizaron bajo los lineamientos del (RNE) como lo estipula la Norma E.030 del 2019 y para el diseño de elementos estructurales se utilizó la norma E.060

Comparing surgically induced astigmatism calculated by means of simulated keratometry versus total corneal refractive power

Purpose: To evaluate surgically induced astigmatism as computed by means of either simulated keratometry (KSIM) or total corneal refractive power (TCRP) after temporal incisions. Methods: Prospective observational study including 36 right eyes undergoing cataract surgery. Astigmatism was measured preoperatively during the 3-month follow-up period using Pentacam. Surgically induced astigmatism was computed considering anterior corneal surface astigmatism at 3mm with KSIM and considering both corneal surfaces with TCRP from 1 to 8mm (TCRP3 for 3mm). The eyes under study were divided into two balanced groups: LOW with KSIM astigmatism <0.90D and HIGH with KSIM astigmatism ≥0.90D. Resulting surgically induced astigmatism values were compared across groups and measuring techniques by means of flattening, steepening, and torque analysis. Results: Mean surgically induced astigmatism was higher in the HIGH group (0.31D @ 102°) than in the LOW group (0.04 D @ 16°). The temporal incision resulted in a steepening in the HIGH group of 0.15 D @ 90°, as estimated with KSIM, versus 0.28 D @ 90° with TCRP3, but no significant differences were found for the steepening in the LOW group or for the torque in either group. Differences between KSIM- and TCRP3-based surgically induced astigmatism values were negligible in LOW group. Conclusion: Surgically induced astigmatism was considerably higher in the high-astigmatism group and its value was underestimated with the KSIM approach. Eyes having low astigmatism should not be included for computing the surgically induced astigmatism because steepening would be underestimated

Estudio de la calidad visual en procedimientos facorrefractivos

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía. Fecha de lectura: 24-09-2019Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 24-03-202

Accuracy of a new intraocular lens power calculation method based on artificial intelligence

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop and assess the accuracy of a new intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation method based on machine learning techniques. Methods The following data were retrieved for 260 eyes of 260 patients undergoing cataract surgery: preoperative simulated keratometry, mean keratometry of posterior surface, axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and white-to-white diameter; model and power of implanted IOL; and subjective refraction at 3 months post surgery. These data were used to train different machine learning models (k-Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, etc). Implanted lens characteristics and biometric data were used as input to predict IOL power and refractive outcomes. For external validation, a dataset of 52 eyes was used. The accuracy of the trained models was compared with that of the power formulas Holladay 2, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF v2.0. Results The SD of the prediction error in order of lowest to highest was the new method (designated Karmona) (0.30), Haigis (0.36), Holladay 2 (0.38), Barrett Universal II (0.38), and Hill-RBF v2.0 (0.40). Using the Karmona method, 90.38% and 100% of eyes were within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D respectively. Conclusions The method proposed emerged as the most accurate to predict IOL power.Sin financiación3.775 JCR (2020) Q1, 12/62 Ophthalmology1.427 SJR (2021) Q1, 23/508 Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE

ENFOQUE BAYESIANO PARA OBTENER TASAS DE TRANSICIÓN EN UN MODELO DE MARKOV CON DOS ESTADOS RECURRENTES

The application of multi-state models has been a decisive factor for studies of longitudinal data, such as observation of disease progression over time, recurrence of disease, intermittent monitoring, among others; usually the way to measure the progress of the phenomenon is to study the state in which the subject is found at dierent points in time. The transition rates between states of the phenomenon in study allows to assess whether the individual experiences a  positive or negative change in its status, for this reason it is modeled how individuals in a certain population transit from one state to another through time, which is important to understand its dynamics. The transition rates in a Markov model of two recurrent states according to covariables are obtained by a Bayesian approach using two apriori distributions (Informative and not Informative); to show this, an analysis scheme based on the Gibbs sampler was taken into account. Based on both a simulation study and an application to real data, it was possible to show the behavior of the transition rates under these two distributions and the eect of a covariable.La aplicación de modelos de estados múltiples ha sido determinante a la hora de realizar estudios de datos longitudinales, tales como la observación de la progresión de una enfermedad en el tiempo, la recurrencia de una enfermedad, el seguimiento intermitente de la misma, entre otras; usualmente la forma cómo se mide el avance del fenómeno, es mediante el estado en el cual se pueda encontrar al sujeto en diferentes puntos en el tiempo. Las tasas de transición entre estados del fenómeno de estudio permiten evaluar si el individuo experimenta un cambio positivo o negativo del mismo, por tanto, se modela la manera como los individuos en cierta población transitan de un estado a otro a través del tiempo lo cual es importante para comprender su dinámica. Las tasas de transición en un modelo de Markov de dos estados recurrentes en función de covariables se obtienen a través de un enfoque Bayesiano utilizando dos distribuciones apriori (No informativa e informativa); para esto se adoptó un esquema de análisis basado en el muestreador de Gibbs, mediante un estudio de simulación y aplicación a datos reales se ilustró el comportamiento de las tasas de transición bajo estas dos distribuciones y el efecto de una covariable

Spectacle Independence for Pseudophakic Patients - Experience With a Trifocal Supplementary Add-on Intraocular Lens

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive and functional outcomes of the trifocal 1stQ AddOn® (Medicontur) supplementary intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed for implantation into the ciliary sulcus. Patients and Methods: The study included 18 eyes of 11 pseudophakic patients with uncomplicated previous implantation of monofocal capsular bag IOLs. These patients had a desire for spectacle independence. Distance, intermediate and near visual acuities were measured, and defocus curves were plotted over a period of 6 months following implantation of the add-on IOLs. Intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density measurements and biomicroscopic evaluation were also performed. Results: In this study, 83.3% of eyes had spherical refractions within ±0.5 D from emetropia and 100% of eyes had spherical equivalent refractions that were within ±1.0 D of the target refraction. Visual acuities and defocus curves clearly confirmed trifocal optical performance (UDVA=0.03 ±0.05; UIVA=0.21 ±0.04; UNVA=0.12 ±0.04 logMAR; expressed as mean ±SD). Depth of focus showed identical results (DOF=0.486 D) compared to a trifocal capsular bag IOL, while the defocus curve was found to be superior in the intermediate and near ranges when compared to a trifocal capsular bag IOL. All patients achieved spectacle independence at all distances. All add-on IOLs were well positioned in the ciliary sulcus. No negative changes were noted in connection with endothelial cell counts, IOPs, the angle structure during surgery and during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The supplementary trifocal add-on IOL seems to be a safe, efficient and stable solution for achieving spectacle independence in pseudophakic patients with monofocal primary IOLs.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20201.025 SJR (2020) Q2, 31/124 OphthalmologyNo data IDR 2020UE

Depth of field measures in pseudophakic eyes implanted with different type of presbyopia-correcting IOLS

Abstract To evaluate depth of field (DOF) provided by different presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (IOL) designs, comparing the results obtained using different criteria for defining the defocus tolerance. A total of 150 eyes undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled and divided into 6 groups depending on the IOL implanted: AT.LISA Tri (Carl Zeiss Meditec), FineVision (PhysIOL), PanOptix (Alcon Laboratories), Tecnis Symfony (Johnson & Johnson Vision), Miniwell (SIFI MedTech) and Tecnis Synergy (Johnson & Johnson Vision). Subjective DOF was obtained from defocus curves with absolute and relative criteria of tolerance of 0.1 logMAR. Aberrometry was also measured and the visual strehl optical transference function (VSOTF) with percentage of degradation of 90%, 80% and 60% was used to quantify objectively the DOF. Tecnis Symfony, Tecnis Synergy and Panoptix IOL groups showed better subjective and objective DOF compared to the rest of IOL groups, being these differences statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). Comparison between subjective and objective DOF showed that subjective measures were higher for all IOLs, being also these differences statistically significant for all groups (p < 0.001). A moderate significant correlation was found between absolute subjective criteria and VSOTF60% (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). Objective and subjective measures of DOF are not comparable due to differences in methodologies and criterions to define the level of degradation tolerance. Nevertheless, both objective and subjective measures showed a trend to a greater DOF for Tecnis Symfony and Tecnis Synergy IOLs compared to most of trifocal diffractive designs, with the exception of PanOptix