El papel de la edad de inicio en el consumo problemático de alcohol: ¿artefacto o efecto de cohorte?

La edad de inicio se ha señalado como un predictor crucial del consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia. Sin embargo, varios autores han advertido que se trata de un artefacto poco fiable que se explica por la tendencia a retrasar la edad de inicio a medida que aumenta la edad de los encuestados (forward telescoping o sesgo de memoria). Este estudio pretende comprobar si la edad de inicio es una medida aproximativa de la edad o un predictor del consumo de alcohol por sí mismo. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión jerárquica y la Macro Process para SPSS para probar el efecto de la edad de inicio (controlando la edad) en el consumo de alcohol y el papel mediador/moderador de la edad de inicio, el control parental y el sexo en el consumo de alcohol, respectivamente. Los resultados confirman el papel de la edad de inicio como predictor significativo del consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes ecuatorianos en lugar de artefacto. Además, la edad de inicio medió completamente el efecto de la edad en el consumo de alcohol, con frecuencia moderado por el sexo. Se discuten posteriormente las implicaciones prácticas.Age of onset has been reported as a crucial predictor for alcohol consumption in adolescence. However, several authors have warned against it as an unreliable artefact accounted by the tendency to delay age of onset as respondents’ age increases (forward telescoping). This study aims to test whether age of onset is either a proxy for age or a predictor of alcohol consumption of its own. A hierarchical regression model and Process Macro for SPSS were used to test the effect of age of onset (controlling for age) on alcohol consumption and the mediating/moderator role of age of onset, parental control, and sex on alcohol consumption, respectively. Results support the role of age of onset as a significant predictor of alcohol consumption in Ecuadorian adolescents, rather than an artefact. Furthermore, age of onset completely mediated the effect of age on alcohol consumption, often moderated by sex. Practical implications are further discussed

Lysine Scanning of Arg10-Teixobactin. Deciphering the Role of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Residues.

Teixobactin is a recently discovered antimicrobial cyclodepsipeptide with good activity against Gram positive bacteria. Taking Arg10-teixobactin as a reference, where the nonproteinogenic residue l-allo-enduracididine was substituted by arginine, a lysine scan was performed to identify the importance of keeping the balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids for the antimicrobial activities of this peptide family. Thus, the substitution of four isoleucine residues present in the natural sequence by lysine led to a total loss of activity. On the other hand, the substitution of the polar noncharged residues and alanine by lysine allowed us to keep and in some cases to improve the antimicrobial activity

SUV39H1/H3K9me3 attenuates sulforaphane-induced apoptotic signaling in PC3 prostate cancer cells

The isothiocyanate sulforaphane is a promising molecule for development as a therapeutic agent for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in advanced prostate cancer cells, slows disease progression in vivo and is well tolerated at pharmacological doses. However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for cancer suppression remain to be fully elucidated. In this investigation we demonstrate that sulforaphane induces posttranslational modification of histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 in metastatic, androgen receptor-negative PC3 prostate cancer cells. Sulforaphane stimulates ubiquitination and acetylation of SUV39H1 within a C-terminal nuclear localization signal peptide motif and coincides with its dissociation from chromatin and a decrease in global trimethyl-histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) levels. Exogenous SUV39H1 expression leads to an increase in H3K9me3 and decreases sulforaphane-induced apoptotic signaling. SUV39H1 is thus identified as a novel mediator of sulforaphane cytotoxicity in PC3 cells. Our results also suggest SUV39H1 dynamics as a new therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancers

SUV39H1/H3K9me3 attenuates sulforaphane-induced apoptotic signaling in PC3 prostate cancer cells

The isothiocyanate sulforaphane is a promising molecule for development as a therapeutic agent for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in advanced prostate cancer cells, slows disease progression in vivo and is well tolerated at pharmacological doses. However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for cancer suppression remain to be fully elucidated. In this investigation we demonstrate that sulforaphane induces posttranslational modification of histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 in metastatic, androgen receptor-negative PC3 prostate cancer cells. Sulforaphane stimulates ubiquitination and acetylation of SUV39H1 within a C-terminal nuclear localization signal peptide motif and coincides with its dissociation from chromatin and a decrease in global trimethyl-histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) levels. Exogenous SUV39H1 expression leads to an increase in H3K9me3 and decreases sulforaphane-induced apoptotic signaling. SUV39H1 is thus identified as a novel mediator of sulforaphane cytotoxicity in PC3 cells. Our results also suggest SUV39H1 dynamics as a new therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancers.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Nature Publishing Group. The published article can be found at: http://www.nature.com/oncsis/index.html

Síndrome de retirada post-ibrutinib en un caso de macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom

Poster [PC-041] Introducción: El tratamiento de la Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom (MW) en primera línea está basado en inmunoquimioterapia. Sin embargo las recaídas y resistencia al Rituximab son frecuentes, por lo que se necesitan otras terapias. Ibrutinib (IB) ha demostrado en varios estudios eficacia. Su discontinuación temporal puede ser necesaria para manejar toxicidades. Presentamos un caso de suspensión de IB en una MW, debido a un episodio de fibrilación auricular, con un cuadro clínico de inicio abrupto con sintomatología y recaída clínico-analítica, compatible con “Síndrome de retirada” en MW recientemente descrito (Castillo JJ, Haematologica 2018). Paciente: y Métodos: Varón de 70 años que estaba siendo tratado de Polimialgia reumática con corticoides. En Enero de 2012 se diagnostica de MW, con de neuropatía periférica (PN). ENG compatible con PN sensitivo- motora; IgM: 814 mg/dl: 1ª línea (Marzo 2012): Rituximabx4 con discreta mejoría. En Junio de 2013 cuadro de Leishmaniasis. En Enero de 2014 progresión de la PN con IgM de 2940 mg/dl : 2ª línea con Rituximabx4 sin apenas mejoría. En Noviembre 2014, clínica de PN, Hb: 10g/dl, IgM: 3790 mg/dl: 3ª línea con DRCx6 con escasa mejoría. En Enero de 2016 empeoramiento importante de la PN (marcha atáxica, hiporreflexia, impotencia), Hb:10, 2 g/dl, IgM 2900 mg/dl, infiltración MO del 60%, MYD88 +, ENG compatible. En Marzo 2016: 4ª línea con IB 420 mg/día. Mejoría rápida (días) de la clínica con descenso de la IgM en torno a 400 mg/dl que se mantiene y ascenso de la HB a valores normales (VGPR). En Diciembre de 2017 episodio de ACxFA sintomática. Se retira IB y se realiza cardioversión con Aminodarona y Apixaban. A los 3 días ingreso por fiebre, quebrantamiento general y reaparición brusca del cuadro neurológico. Analítica aumento rápido e intenso de la IgM (hasta 6490 mg/dl) y anemización (Hb: 8, 5 g/dl). Se reintroduce el IB con mejoría clínica súbita, descenso de la IgM y recuperación paulatina de la Hb (Fig1). Resultados: En la serie publicada de 114 discontinuados, lo presentaron 22 (20%). Se caracterizaba por un cuadro de fiebre, quebrantamiento general, sudoración y artralgias, que ocurría rápidamente tras la discontinuación. De estos, 7 pacientes presentaron también criterios de progresión de la enfermedad con incremento de la IgM (de 796 mg/dl a 1909 mg/dl) y anemización. Nuestro caso se comportó así, con una subida de la Ig M mucho más evidente y progresión clínico-analítica. En la publicación, como le ocurría a nuestro paciente, ocurría más en los pacientes que habían hecho una óptima respuesta al IB. La etiopatogenia no está aclarada, pero se atribuye a un síndrome de liberación de citoquinas (CXCL13 entre otras), con reversión rápida del efecto del fármaco e incremento brusco de la IgM. Nuestro paciente, al tener una respuesta óptima, tuvo un cuadro analítico de subida de la IgM mucho más grave que la publicada. Conclusiones: Presentamos el que creemos es la primera descripción de un Síndrome de retirada de Ibrutinib en MW de nuestro país. El cuadro desapareció al reintroducir el fármaco, una vez controlado el efecto adverso. Manejar y prevenir las toxicidades en pacientes sometidos a IB, es clave para evitar discontinuaciones, no perder eficacia y minimizar este u otros tipos de reacciones

GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam

The discovery of a transient kilonova following the gravitational-wave (GW) event GW170817 highlighted the critical need for coordinated rapid and wide-field observations, inference, and follow-up across the electromagnetic spectrum. In the southern hemisphere, the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the Blanco 4 m telescope is well suited to this task, as it is able to cover wide fields quickly while still achieving the depths required to find kilonovae like the one accompanying GW170817 to ~500 Mpc, the binary neutron star (NS) horizon distance for current generation of LIGO/Virgo collaboration (LVC) interferometers. Here, as part of the multi-facility follow-up by the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen collaboration, we describe the observations and automated data movement, data reduction, candidate discovery, and vetting pipeline of our target-of-opportunity DECam observations of S190426c, the first possible NS–black hole merger detected in GWs. Starting 7.5 hr after S190426c, over 11.28 hr of observations, we imaged an area of 525 deg^2 (r band) and 437 deg^2 (z band); this was 16.3% of the total original localization probability, and nearly all of the probability visible from the southern hemisphere. The machine-learning-based pipeline was optimized for fast turnaround, delivering transients for human vetting within 17 minutes, on average, of shutter closure. We reported nine promising counterpart candidates 2.5 hr before the end of our observations. One hour after our data-taking ended (roughly 20 hr after the announcement of S190426c), LVC released a refined skymap that reduced the probability coverage of our observations to 8.0%, demonstrating a critical need for localization updates on shorter (~hour) timescales. Our observations yielded no detection of a bona fide counterpart to m_z = 21.7 and m_r = 22.2 at the 5σ level of significance, consistent with the refined LVC positioning. We view these observations and rapid inferencing as an important real-world test for this novel end-to-end wide-field pipeline

Seabird species vary in behavioural response to drone census

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide an opportunity to rapidly census wildlife in remote areas while removing some of the hazards. However, wildlife may respond negatively to the UAVs, thereby skewing counts. We surveyed four species of Arctic cliff-nesting seabirds (glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus, Iceland gull Larus glaucoides, common murre Uria aalge and thick-billed murre Uria lomvia) using a UAV and compared censusing techniques to ground photography. An average of 8.5% of murres flew off in response to the UAV, but >99% of those birds were non-breeders. We were unable to detect any impact of the UAV on breeding success of murres, except at a site where aerial predators were abundant and several birds lost their eggs to predators following UAV flights. Furthermore, we found little evidence for habituation by murres to the UAV. Most gulls flew off in response to the UAV, but returned to the nest within five minutes. Counts of gull nests and adults were similar between UAV and ground photography, however the UAV detected up to 52.4% more chicks because chicks were camouflaged and invisible to ground observers. UAVs provide a less hazardous and potentially more accurate method for surveying wildlife. We provide some simple recommendations for their use.We thank T. Leonard and the Seabird Ecological Reserves Advisory Committee for permission to work at Witless Bay, the Canadian Wildlife Service for permits to work at Newfoundland and Nunavut and the Government of Nunavut for permits to work in Nunavut. Newfoundland and Labrador Murre Fund, Bird Studies Canada and the Molson Foundation directly funded the work. An NSERC Discovery Grant, the Canada Research Chair in Arctic Ecology and Polar Continental Shelf Project also helped fund the project. We thank T. Burke, G. Sorenson, T. Lazarus and M. Guigueno for their help and J. Nakoolak for keeping us safe from bear

Autologous stem cell transplantation may be curative for patients with follicular lymphoma with early therapy failure without the need for immunotherapy

Objective/Background: Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) with early therapy failure (ETF) within 2 years of frontline therapy have poor overall survival (OS). We recently reported the results of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients from the Grupo Español de Linfomas y Trasplantes de Médula Ósea (GELTAMO) registry treated with rituximab prior to ASCT and with ETF after first-line immunochemotherapy, leading to 81% 5-year OS since ASCT. We explored whether ASCT is also an effective option in the pre-rituximab era—that is, in patients treated in induction and rescued only with chemotherapy. Methods: ETF was defined as relapse/progression within 2 years of starting first-line therapy. We identified two groups: the ETF cohort (n = 87) and the non-ETF cohort (n = 47 patients receiving ASCT but not experiencing ETF following first-line therapy). Results: There was a significant difference in 5-year progression-free survival between the ETF and non-ETF cohorts (43% vs. 57%, respectively; p = .048). Nevertheless, in patients with ETF with an interval from first relapse after primary treatment to ASCT of <1 year, no differences were observed in 5-year progression-free survival (48% vs. 66%, respectively; p = .44) or in 5-year OS (69% vs. 77%, p = .4). Patients in the ETF cohort transplanted in complete remission showed a plateau in the OS curves, at 56%, beyond 13.7 years of follow-up. Conclusion: ASCT may be a curative option for ETF in patients who respond to rescue chemotherapy, without the need for immunotherapy or other therapies, and should be considered as an early consolidation, especially in patients with difficult access to rituximab