From immobility to hypermobilitymeasure and determinants of (im)mobility trajectories in urban contexts

Although there is a large international body of literature on residential mobility, the research on Spain is scarce. The main reason is that there is little suitable microdata which allows the analysis of individual residential and spatial mobility within urban contexts. This paper is one of the first to study mobility in a Spanish metropolitan context. We use data from a survey conducted in Granada with information on residential and spatial mobility between neighborhoods over a 10-year period and a Hurdle count regression method for the study of (in)mobility. The results show the effects of four basic dimensions (life course, stage in the residential career, social position and the neighborhoods where people live) on the generation of more (or less) sedentary trajectories. We found that residential and spatial immobility is associated with settled individuals and households. On the other hand, hypermobility is connected to younger age groups and those without children. The social position and type of neighborhood in which people reside emerge as relevant factors to understand immobility behavior.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Understanding the effects of homeownership and regional unemployment levels on internal migration during the economic crisis in Spain

The research for this paper was funded by the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, research project ‘Procesos de reconfiguración social metropolitana’ [grant number CSO2014-55780-C3-3-P].This paper seeks to understand better the effects of homeownership and regional unemployment levels on inter-provincial migration during the recent economic crisis in Spain. It uses rich individual-level microdata from the last two Spanish censuses (2001–2011) to study migration. The findings suggest that regional unemployment levels do not have a strong impact on internal migration in the period analyzed. However, homeownership is a key explanatory factor of immobility, which became more important in 2011 compared with 2001. This immobility effect of homeownership is stronger in depressed regions, which suggests that some people may be trapped in their dwellings, or the security of homeownership becomes essential when the structural conditions are unfavourable.PostprintPeer reviewe

Neighborhood effect and residential immobility in Granada

En el desarrollo urbano, la movilidad de la población siempre ha jugado un papel esencial. Pero la inmovilidad residencial, ya sea libremente elegida o impuesta, también debe ser tenida en cuenta en los procesos de reconfiguración social urbana. Por ello, aunque el interés académico se ha centrado en la movilidad, en este trabajo indagamos en el sedentarismo residencial urbano. Nos interesa saber en qué medida las trayectorias de inmovilidad están influenciadas por las características sociales del barrio así como por los lazos sociales que establecemos en el mismo. Con microdatos de una encuesta del área metropolitana de Granada de 2008 y mediante modelos de regresión, nuestros resultados indican que residir en zonas deprimidas aumenta las probabilidades de permanecer allí por más tiempo. La presencia de redes sociales es también un potente conductor de las historias de sedentarismo, señalando la relevancia de este tipo de factores a la hora de entender cómo se fraguan pautas de reproducción socioespacial urbana.Inside urban development, residential mobility has always played an essential role in urban change. But immobility, whether freely chosen or imposed, must also be taken into account as a key factor in urban reconfiguration. Therefore, although academic interest has focused mainly on the study of mobility, in this article we focus on residential immobility. Specifically, we are interested in the duration of immobility trajectories and to what extent these trajectories are influenced by (i) the social characteristics of the neighborhood, and (ii) the social ties we make in the neighborhood. Using microdata from a representative survey of the metropolitan area of Granada conducted in 2008 and running regression models, our results indicate that simply living in depressed areas increases the chances of staying there for a longer period. But, the presence of social networks is also a powerful driver of immobility, indicating the important role that these factors play when it comes to sociospatial reproduction of the city

Changes in young people's discourses about leaving home in Spain after the economic crisis

The increasing complexity of young adults' leaving-home trajectories, combined with the effects of the economic recession, has led to an upturn in academic interest in this question. Nevertheless, the impact of the economic recession on young adults' housing imaginary has yet to be extensively addressed. This article analyses the way social discourses on leaving home evolved before and after the economic downturn. Using a diachronic, qualitative design to compare discussion groups from 2007 and 2014 in Spain, a relevant change can be observed: flexible patterns of leaving home appear that were previously rejected or only mentioned by upper-middle class young. Our findings highlight the way that expectations, values and norms about leaving home have altered, opening the debate about how Spanish young people will approach this transition in the future, but also how they did in the past.</p

Movilidad residencial, sedentarismo y estructura social urbana: La ciudad metropolitana de Granada

Universidad de Granada. Máster Oficial "Problemas sociales: dirección y gestión de programas sociales", curso 2011-201

Internal Migration, Living Close to Family, and Individual Labour Market Outcomes in Spain

Migration is often viewed as a way to enhance occupational careers. However, particularly in Mediterranean countries, labour market outcomes may also depend on local family resources. We investigate how men’s and women’s labour market outcomes differ between (1) those who migrated and those who did not; and (2) those who live close to family and those who live farther away. Our main contributions are the investigation of the association between migration and labour market outcomes in a different context than the more commonly studied Northern and Western European countries and the United States, and of the role of living close to family in labour market outcomes. We used a sample of labour market participants from the “Attitudes and Expectations About Mobility” survey, conducted in Spain in 2019. Our results show that the likelihood of being a professional is greater for women who migrated than for those who did not, and that the likelihood of being unemployed or in a temporary job is lower for women who live close to family than for those who do not, but neither association was found for men. The finding for living close to family is in line with the notion that nearby family may protect women in particular from precarious labour market positions. The finding for migration differs from previous findings for Northern and Western Europe and the United States, which indicate that migration is beneficial to men in particular. This difference might be specific to a low-migration context, but data limitations prevent firm conclusions

Medida y evolución de la movilidad residencial en las áreas metropolitanas españolas

El objetivo del artículo es cuantificar la evolución de la movilidad residencial a lo largo de tres decenios en las áreas metropolitanas españolas, para lo que hay que superar distintos obstáculos conceptuales y, sobre todo, metodológicos, que constituyen, por tanto, el núcleo del artículo. El primero es la definición de movilidad residencial, que conviene distinguir de la muy afín de migración. El segundo es entrar en los pormenores de la cuantificación de la movilidad residencial partiendo de la única fuente existente en España que lo permite: el censo. En último lugar, se trata de reconstruir el comportamiento de la movilidad residencial y migratoria en España a dos escalas de análisis: una nacional y otra metropolitana. El resultado nos ofrece una evolución, a lo largo de treinta años, de la movilidad residencial, paralela, aunque distinta, de la migratoria.The goal of this article is to quantify the evolution of residential mobility over three decades in metropolitan areas of Spain, for which it is necessary to overcome different conceptual and, above all, methodological obstacles that constitute the core of the paper. The first task is to define residential mobility, which should be differentiated from the close phenomenon of migration. The second is to delve deeper into the details of the quantification of residential mobility using the only data source in Spain that allows doing so: the census. Lastly, the evolution of residential and migratory mobility in Spain is studied at two different scales of analysis: the national level and the metropolitan level. Thus, we have reconstructed the evolution of residential mobility over thirty years, which runs parallel but different from migrations.L'objectiu de l'article és quantificar l'evolució de la mobilitat residencial al llarg de tres decennis en les àrees metropolitanes espanyoles, per a la qual cosa cal superar diferents obstacles conceptuals i, sobretot, metodològics, que constitueixen, per tant, el nucli de l'article. El primer és la definició de mobilitat residencial, que convé distingir de la de migració, molt afí. El segon és entrar en els detalls de la quantificació de la mobilitat residencial partint de l'única font existent a Espanya que ho permet: el cens. En darrer lloc, es tracta de reconstruir el comportament de la mobilitat residencial i migratòria a Espanya a dues escales d'anàlisi: una de nacional i una altra de metropolitana. El resultat ens ofereix una evolució, al llarg de trenta anys, de la mobilitat residencial, paral·lela, tot i que diferent, de la migratòria

Residential choice following separation and widowhood in middle and later life in Belgium and Sweden

It is well‐documented that residential moves are connected to life events such as separation or widowhood. However, much less is known about the residential choices that follow these events in middle and later life (between ages 50 and 70) and how the location of family members outside the household relates to these choices. Comparing the cases of Belgium and Sweden, this paper addresses (i) the extent to which (im)mobility after separation or widowhood is associated with the presence of older parents and adult children nearby; (ii) the extent to which the choice of destination is associated with the location of older parents and adult children for those separated, widowed, and married individuals who moved, and (iii) how these patterns vary among men and women. We answer these questions employing logistic regression models and discrete‐choice models fitted to Belgian and Swedish register data from 2012 to 2014. The results show unique patterns of mobility around separation and widowhood which differ from those of continuously married individuals. Separated and widowed men and women in both countries are generally more likely to make a move towards their parents than continuously married ones. Widowhood is also associated with an increased propensity for a move towards one's children. In contrast, separation is associated with a lower propensity for moving towards one's children, especially among menEuropean Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 740113Swedish Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 2019‐00245Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: 345183Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, Grant/Award Number: 2016‐07115Fond de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique; Walloon Regio

Unique times, unequal mobilities: Daily mobility during the de‐escalation of the COVID‐19 pandemic

European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 740113; Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P20_00572; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, Grant/Award Number: PID2020‐119569GA‐I00; Universidad de Granada/CBUAScholars have highlighted drastic reductions in daily mobility during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. But what happened when restrictions were relaxed though risk remained ubiquitous? How did patterns of mobility change and how were they structured by socioeconomic resources and social roles? We address these questions using a cross-sectional representative sample (n = 2942) of the population of Andalusia, Spain, after a month and a half of severe lockdown in 2020. We find that older people were the least mobile group and that people living with children and in extended households were less likely to move to take care of others, unlike before the pandemic. Men were more likely to carry out daily mobilities for which women had been traditionally responsible, such as care mobilities. Women were also more likely to be immobile and less likely to commute. Finally, manual and nonqualified workers were more likely to commute, but they were just as likely as any other group to carry out other types of mobility. These results highlight the social character of mobility in a unique context. We emphasize the need to disaggregate daily mobility based on different purposes as well analysing how these are practised by different sociodemographic groups if we want to provide rigorous descriptions of a core component of individuals' daily life.European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 740113Junta de Andalucia P20_00572Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish Government PID2020-119569GA-I00Universidad de Granada/CBU

Local Ties as Self-Reported Constraints to Internal Migration in Spain

The internal migration literature has identified various factors that deter migration and encourage staying, but has been less concerned with people’s own reports about what makes it difficult for them to migrate or makes them want to stay. We explore factors that make it difficult to change the place of residence—from here on denoted as constraints—reported in the Spanish survey on Attitudes and Expectations of Spatial Mobility in the Labour Force (N = 3892). These constraints were uniquely asked from all respondents through an open-ended question, regardless of their migration intentions. We find that many self-reported constraints correspond to factors that have previously been associated with decreased migration propensities. In order of frequency, respondents reported ties to family and friends, ties to their residential environment, financial limitations, and ties to work as constraints to migration. Our results further show that the likelihood of mentioning ties to family and friends as constraints decreased with age, was higher for women than for men and for people who lived close to most of their social network than for those who did not. Mentioning ties to the residential environment as constraints was positively associated with being partnered, and also with living in one’s birthplace. People who were unemployed were less likely to mention ties to work and were more likely to report financial limitations as constraints than people who had a permanent contract—whereas being self-employed was positively associated with mentioning ties to the residential environment