Demencia y personas mayores: estimulación cognitiva como base terapéutica

El proyecto de intervención presentado, “Demencia y personas mayores: estimulación cognitiva como base terapéutica”, está enfocado al sector poblacional de las personas adultas mayores que sufren demencia. Según los datos recogidos por la OMS, esta enfermedad afecta actualmente a 47 millones de personas, lo cual protagonizará un aumento masivo con el paso de los años. La población más afectada por esta es aquella perteneciente al sector comprendido entre los 80 y 90 años. Como terapia ante ello, se ha optado por la realización de un estudio preexperimental, en el cual se lleva a cabo un programa de intervención destinado a la estimulación cognitiva de esta población, siendo demostrada su eficacia por estudios previos. El objetivo principal, es ofrecer la oportunidad a los sujetos afectados de ralentizar el deterioro y detrimento de las principales áreas cognitivas. En el presente estudio participaron cuatro personas, siendo desarrolladas a lo largo del mes de marzo un total de seis actividades de las planteadas en determinadas sesiones, a través de una metodología activa-participativa. Finalmente, se concluye que la intervención propuesta resultó ser efectiva, ya que las áreas trabajadas sufrieron un ligero desarrollo por parte de los sujetos participantes, además de recibir gran aceptación por estos.The intervention project presented, “Dementia and the elderly: cognitive stimulation as a therapeutic basis”, is focused on the population sector of older adults suffering from dementia. According to data compiled by the WHO, this disease currently affects 47 million people, which will lead to a massive increase over the years. The population most affected by this is that belonging to the sector between 80 and 90 years. As a therapy for this, a pre-experimental study has been chosen, in which an intervention program is carried out aimed at cognitive stimulation of this population, its effectiveness being demonstrated by previous studies. The main objective is to offer the affected subjects the opportunity to slow down the deterioration and detriment of the main cognitive areas. Four people participated in this study, with a total of six activities proposed in certain sessions being developed throughout the month of March, through an active-participatory methodology. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed intervention turned out to be effective, since the areas worked on suffered a slight development by the participating subjects, in addition to receiving great acceptance by them.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Pedagogí

La transparencia organizativa y económica en la Web de las fundaciones: un estudio empírico para España

A través de los estudios realizados durante las últimas décadas ha quedado demostrado que la transparencia en el sector no lucrativo en general y en las fundaciones en particular, es un elemento clave para la mejora de la confianza de los agentes interesados en la organización. Dicha transparencia puede ser considerada desde diferentes ámbitos y conseguida a través de distintos canales o medios. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la transparencia organizativa y económica de las fundaciones, que es mostrada a través de la información que voluntariamente ofrecen estas entidades en sus páginas Web. Antes de pasar a exponer el trabajo empírico, se realiza una revisión teórica de algunos de los estudios publicados sobre el concepto de transparencia y la importancia en el ámbito no lucrativo. Este marco teórico se ha centrado en la rendición de cuentas que realizan, relacionada con su función social y su gestión, desde la perspectiva de la transparencia informativa a través de la Web. Bajo este enfoque se ha diseñado un índice de transparencia que se refiere a la información que las fundaciones ofrecen en sus Webs de forma voluntaria. El índice ha sido elaborado ad hoc y se ha aplicado a un grupo de grandes fundaciones empresariales, obteniéndose datos de carácter descriptivo e inferencial, por cuanto se determina, mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, si hay correlación estadística entre la transparencia económica y la transparencia organizativa obtenida a través de la información publicada on line y cuantificada en las variables resultantes del índice. A la luz del análisis se obtienen conclusiones acerca del nivel de transparencia que tienen las fundaciones en lo que se refiere a su información organizativa y económica y la relación explicativa entre ambos tipos

Organizational and financial transparency in the website of the foundations: an empirical study for Spain

A través de los estudios realizados durante las últimas décadas ha quedado demostrado que la transparencia en el sector no lucrativo en general y en las fundaciones en particular, es un elemento clave para la mejora de la confianza de los agentes interesados en la organización. Dicha transparencia puede ser considerada desde diferentes ámbitos y conseguida a través de distintos canales o medios.Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la transparencia organizativa y económica de las fundaciones, que es mostrada a través de la información que voluntariamente ofrecen estas entidades en sus páginas Web. Antes de pasar a exponer el trabajo empírico, se realiza una revisión teórica de algunos de los estudios publicados sobre el concepto de transparencia y la importancia en el ámbito no lucrativo. Este marco teórico se ha centrado en la rendición de cuentas que realizan, relacionada con su función social y su gestión, desde la perspectiva de la transparencia informativa a través de la Web.Bajo este enfoque se ha diseñado un índice de transparencia que se refiere a la información que las fundaciones ofrecen en sus Webs de forma voluntaria. El índice ha sido elaborado ad hoc y se ha aplicado a un grupo de grandes fundaciones empresariales, obteniéndose datos de carácter descriptivo e inferencial, por cuanto se determina, mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, si hay correlación estadística entre la transparencia económica y la transparencia organizativa obtenida a través de la información publicada on line y cuantificada en las variables resultantes del índice.A la luz del análisis se obtienen conclusiones acerca del nivel de transparencia que tienen las fundaciones en lo que se refiere a su información organizativa y económica y la relación explicativa entre ambos tipos.Transparency in nonprofit sector and foundations, as an element to enhance the confidence of stakeholders in the organization, is a fact shown by several studies in recent decades. Transparency can be considered in various fields and through different channels. In our study we focused on the analysis of the organizational and economic transparency of foundations, shown through the voluntary information on their Website. We review the theoretical previous studies published to put to the foundations within the framework of the social economy. This theoretical framework has focused on accountability that make foundations in relation to its social function and its management, especially since the most recent focus of information transparency across the Website.In this theoretical framework was made an index to quantify the voluntary information which is shown on its website. This index has been developed ad hoc for this study and applied to a group of large corporate foundations.With the application of these data are obtained two kind of results, to a descriptive level and to a inferential level.We analyzed the statistical correlation between economic transparency and organizational transparency offered in the Website through quantified variables by a multiple linear regression. This empirical analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the level of transparency offered by these organizations in relation to their organizational and financial information, as well as explain the relation between them

Organizational and financial transparency in the website of the foundations: an empirical study for Spain

A través de los estudios realizados durante las últimas décadas ha quedado demostrado que la transparencia en el sector no lucrativo en general y en las fundaciones en particular, es un elemento clave para la mejora de la confianza de los agentes interesados en la organización. Dicha transparencia puede ser considerada desde diferentes ámbitos y conseguida a través de distintos canales o medios. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la transparencia organizativa y económica de las fundaciones, que es mostrada a través de la información que voluntariamente ofrecen estas entidades en sus páginas Web. Antes de pasar a exponer el trabajo empírico, se realiza una revisión teórica de algunos de los estudios publicados sobre el concepto de transparencia y la importancia en el ámbito no lucrativo. Este marco teórico se ha centrado en la rendición de cuentas que realizan, relacionada con su función social y su gestión, desde la perspectiva de la transparencia informativa a través de la Web. Bajo este enfoque se ha diseñado un índice de transparencia que se refiere a la información que las fundaciones ofrecen en sus Webs de forma voluntaria. El índice ha sido elaborado ad hoc y se ha aplicado a un grupo de grandes fundaciones empresariales, obteniéndose datos de carácter descriptivo e inferencial, por cuanto se determina, mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, si hay correlación estadística entre la transparencia económica y la transparencia organizativa obtenida a través de la información publicada on line y cuantificada en las variables resultantes del índice. A la luz del análisis se obtienen conclusiones acerca del nivel de transparencia que tienen las fundaciones en lo que se refiere a su información organizativa y económica y la relación explicativa entre ambos tipos.Transparency in nonprofit sector and foundations, as an element to enhance the confidence of stakeholders in the organization, is a fact shown by several studies in recent decades. Transparency can be considered in various fields and through different channels. In our study we focused on the analysis of the organizational and economic transparency of foundations, shown through the voluntary information on their Website. We review the theoretical previous studies published to put to the foundations within the framework of the social economy. This theoretical framework has focused on accountability that make foundations in relation to its social function and its management, especially since the most recent focus of information transparency across the Website. In this theoretical framework was made an index to quantify the voluntary information which is shown on its website. This index has been developed ad hoc for this study and applied to a group of large corporate foundations. With the application of these data are obtained two kind of results, to a descriptive level and to a inferential level. We analyzed the statistical correlation between economic transparency and organizational transparency offered in the Website through quantified variables by a multiple linear regression. This empirical analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the level of transparency offered by these organizations in relation to their organizational and financial information, as well as explain the relation between them.Escuela de Estudios CooperativosFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEpu

Corrigendum to: Preanalytical issues related to routine and diagnostic glucose tests: Results from a survey in Spain

This is a correction of Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2020;30(1):010704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11613/ BM.2020.01070

Preanalytical issues related to routine and diagnostic glucose tests: Results from a survey in Spain

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to find out under what preanalytical conditions routine and diagnostic glucose tests are performed across Spanish laboratories; and also what criteria are used for DM diagnosis. Materials and methods: An online survey was performed by the Commission on Quality Assurance in the Extra-Analytical Phase of the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQC-ML). Access to the questionnaire was available on the home page of the SEQC-ML website during the period April-July 2018. Data analysis was conducted with the IBM SPSS© Statistics (version 20.0) program. Results: A total of 96 valid surveys were obtained. Most laboratories were in public ownership, serving hospital and primary care patients, with high and medium workloads, and a predominance of mixed routine-urgent glucose testing. Serum tubes were the most used for routine glucose analysis (92%) and DM diagnosis (54%); followed by lithium-heparin plasma tubes (62%), intended primarily for urgent glucose testing; point-of care testing devices were used by 37%; and plasma tubes with a glycolysis inhibitor, mainly sodium fluoride, by 19%. Laboratories used the cut-off values and criteria recognized worldwide for DM diagnosis in adults and glucose-impaired tolerance, but diverged in terms of fasting plasma glucose and gestational DM criteria. Conclusion: Preanalytical processing of routine and DM diagnostic glucose testing in Spain does not allow a significant, non-quantified influence of glycolysis on the results to be ruled out. Possible adverse consequences include a delay in diagnosis and possible under-treatment

Variabilidad del valor nutritivo in vitro para porcino de los subproductos del secado del alperujo

Durante el proceso de secado del alperujo se obtiene una fracción de polvo que queda retenida en los ciclones de extracción de los gases húmedos, conocida como orujo ciclón (OC). Los OC suponen aproximadamente un 3% en peso del orujo graso (OG) producido (Clara González, comunicación personal). Actualmente los OC se reciclan en los OG, pero trabajos previos (Marcos et al., 2019) sugieren que, para rumiantes, los OC tienen un valor nutritivo potencialmente mayor a los OG por su mayor fermentación ruminal. La incorporación de OG a niveles del 20% en piensos de cebo para porcino permite reemplazar cereales sin afectar los rendimientos productivos, y reducir las emisiones de gases contaminantes del purín (Ferrer et al., 2017 y 2020). Sin embargo, la composición de los OG es muy variable (de Blas et al., 2015) lo que puede limitar sus niveles máximos de inclusión en la formulación de piensos. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la variación de la digestibilidad in vitro de la energía del OC y OG para su valorización nutricional en las matrices de formulación de piensos para porcino

Preanalytical issues related to routine and diagnostic glucose tests: Results from a survey in Spain

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to find out under what preanalytical conditions routine and diagnostic glucose tests are performed across Spanish laboratories; and also what criteria are used for DM diagnosis. Materials and methods: An online survey was performed by the Commission on Quality Assurance in the Extra-Analytical Phase of the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQC-ML). Access to the questionnaire was available on the home page of the SEQC-ML website during the period April-July 2018. Data analysis was conducted with the IBM SPSS© Statistics (version 20.0) program. Results: A total of 96 valid surveys were obtained. Most laboratories were in public ownership, serving hospital and primary care patients, with high and medium workloads, and a predominance of mixed routine-urgent glucose testing. Serum tubes were the most used for routine glucose analysis (92%) and DM diagnosis (54%); followed by lithium-heparin plasma tubes (62%), intended primarily for urgent glucose testing; point-ofcare testing devices were used by 37%; and plasma tubes with a glycolysis inhibitor, mainly sodium fluoride, by 19%. Laboratories used the cut-off values and criteria recognized worldwide for DM diagnosis in adults and glucose-impaired tolerance, but diverged in terms of fasting plasma glucose and gestational DM criteria. Conclusion: Preanalytical processing of routine and DM diagnostic glucose testing in Spain does not allow a significant, non-quantified influence of glycolysis on the results to be ruled out. Possible adverse consequences include a delay in diagnosis and possible under-treatmen

Lack of EGFR catalytic activity in hepatocytes improves liver regeneration following DDC-induced cholestatic injury by promoting a pro-restorative inflammatory response

Despite the well-known hepatoprotective role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway upon acute damage, its specific actions during chronic liver disease, particularly cholestatic injury, remain ambiguous and unresolved. Here, we analyzed the consequences of inactivating EGFR signaling in the liver on the regenerative response following cholestatic injury. For that, transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant negative mutant human EGFR lacking tyrosine kinase activity (ΔEGFR) in albumin-positive cells were submitted to liver damage induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), an experimental model resembling human primary sclerosing cholangitis. Our results show an early activation of EGFR after 1–2 days of a DDC-supplemented diet, followed by a signaling switch-off. Furthermore, ΔEGFR mice showed less liver damage and a more efficient regeneration following DDC injury. Analysis of the mechanisms driving this effect revealed an enhanced activation of mitogenic/survival signals, AKT and ERK1/2-MAPKs, and changes in cell turnover consistent with a quicker resolution of damage in response to DDC. These changes were concomitant with profound differences in the profile of intrahepatic immune cells, consisting of a shift in the M1/M2 balance towards M2 polarity, and the Cd4/Cd8 ratio in favor of Cd4 lymphocytes, overall supporting an immune cell switch into a pro-restorative phenotype. Interestingly, ΔEGFR livers also displayed an amplified ductular reaction, with increased expression of EPCAM and an increased number of CK19-positive ductular structures in portal areas, demonstrating an overexpansion of ductular progenitor cells. In summary, our work supports the notion that hepatocyte-specific EGFR activity acts as a key player in the crosstalk between parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells, promoting the pro-inflammatory response activated during cholestatic injury and therefore contributing to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.This work was supported by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities (MICIU) and AgenciaEstatal de Investigacion (AEI), Spain (co-funded byFEDER funds/Development Fund–a Way to BuildEurope): RTI2018-099098-B-100 to AS/BH andRTI2018-094052-B-100 to AMV; and the RamonAreces Foundation: 20th National Competition forScientific and Technical Research in Life and MatterScience (2020) to IF. NL and JGS were recipients ofresearch assistant contracts linked to grant SAF2015-69145-R and RTI2018-099098-B-100, respectively. CMR was the recipient of a researchcontract (PEJD-2019-POST/BMD-16090) from the Education, Universities, Research and Spokesperson Counseling of the Community of Madrid