Theory of Q-degradation and nonlinear effects in Nb-coated superconducting cavities

Amplitude-dependent absorption of RF power in superconducting cavity with a wall of normal metal (Cu ) covered by a film of superconductor (Nb ) is determined by three factors: (1)depairing effect of high-current density on superconducting energy gap; (2)increase of electromagnetic power penetrating to normal metal and Drude-absorbed in it, at higher RF amplitude; (3)heating of both superconducting coating and normal substrate resulting in increase of quasiparticle excitation density at higher RF power (P). Cavity Q-factor is calculated as a hnction of RF amplitude A = fi and is shown to follow a relationship 1n(Q/ Q,) = -const-P" with a=l at low temperature T T* where T* is characteristic temperature T* X TcS I d, S is the London penetration depth and d the thickness of superconducting coating

Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small-cell lung cancer receiving alectinib

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Malignant hypertension and hyperreninemia: Primary or secondary hypertension? A case report

Malignant hypertension is a rare condition characterized by severe hypertension and multi-organ ischemic damage. Marked activation of the renin-angiotensin system is observed in many patients, but its persistence over time is not known. We report a case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with severe hypertension and multi-organ damage. Initial evaluation showed an elevated value of direct renin concentration with normal plasma aldosterone concentration and a nodular lesion in the left adrenal gland. The differential diagnosis between the primary and secondary form of hypertension had to be questioned. Consequently, the patient was followed up for 20 months. Repeated checks showed a significant increase in renin levels with a normal aldosterone concentration and regression of organ damage. After 20 months, renin values returned within normal range. Hyperreninemia persisting over a long period of time has not been fully explained. Long-term follow-up allowed us to attribute malignant hypertension to de novo essential hypertension

(13C)-Methacetin breath test provides evidence of subclinical liver dysfunction linked to fat storage but not lifestyle

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by the presence of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other causes of secondary hepatic fat accumulation, and is usually associated with visceral, metabolically active obesity. However, the subclinical effects of body and liver fat accumulation on liver function are still unclear. Methods: We used orally administered (13C)-methacetin and breath test to quantify the efficiency of hepatic extraction from portal blood flow and liver microsomal function in 81 participants, in relation to presence/absence of ultrasonographic NAFLD, extent of body fat accumulation, insulin resistance, dietary models, and lifestyle. Results: NAFLD was present in 23% of participants with normal weight, and prevalence increased with body fat and insulin resistance. Fat accumulation, NAFLD, and insulin resistance were associated with decreased hepatic extraction efficiency, and liver microsomal function was impaired in moderate-to-severe NAFLD. Caloric intake, dietary models, and lifestyles had a minor role in promoting functional changes. Conclusions: The interplay between body fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and NAFLD is linked with altered hepatic extraction efficiency from blood flow and deranged microsomal function. Non-invasive diagnosis of subclinical alterations of liver function is relevant for primary and secondary prevention measures. Furthermore, the occurrence of NAFLD in lean individuals and the evidence that caloric intake, dietary models, and lifestyle played a minor role require further studies exploring the role of environmental factors in the natural history of these diseases. Lay summary: Obesity is progressively increasing worldwide and is paralleled by fat accumulation in the liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD can alter liver structure and function, with a variety of consequences ranging from asymptomatic and subclinical alterations to cirrhosis and cancer. (13C)-Methacetin breath test, a non-invasive diagnostic tool, can reveal early subclinical alterations of liver dynamic function in individuals with obesity and in patients with NAFLD

A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Scans Identifies IL18RAP, PTPN2, TAGAP, and PUS10 As Shared Risk Loci for Crohn's Disease and Celiac Disease

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Prune cAMP phosphodiesterase binds nm23-H1 and promotes cancer metastasis

We identify a new enzymatic activity underlying metastasis in breast cancer and describe its susceptibility to therapeutic inhibition. We show that human prune (h-prune), a phosphoesterase DHH family appertaining protein, has a hitherto unrecognized cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity effectively suppressed by dipyridamole, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. h-prune physically interacts with nm23-H1, a metastasis suppressor gene. The h-prune PDE activity, suppressed by dipyridamole and enhanced by the interaction with nm23-H1, stimulates cellular motility and metastasis processes. Out of 59 metastatic breast cancer cases analyzed, 22 (37%) were found to overexpress h-prune, evidence that this novel enzymatic activity is involved in promoting cancer metastasis

CARD15 genotyping in inflammatory bowel disease patients by multiplex pyrosequencing

[No abstract available

Lung ultrasonography for long-term follow-up of COVID-19 survivors compared to chest CT scan

Background: While lung ultrasonography (LUS) has utility for the evaluation of the acute phase of COVID-19 related lung disease, its role in long-term follow-up of this condition has not been well described. The objective of this study is to compare LUS and chest computed tomography (CT) results in COVID-19 survivors with the intent of defining the utility of LUS for long-term follow-up of COVID-19 respiratory disease. Methods: Prospective observational study that enrolled consecutive survivors of COVID-19 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (HARF) admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit. Three months following hospital discharge, patients underwent LUS, chest CT, body plethysmography and laboratory testing, the comparison of which forms the basis of this report. Results: 38 patients were enrolled, with a total of 190 lobes analysed: men 27/38 (71.1%), mean age 60.6 y (SD 10.4). LUS findings and pulmonary function tests outcomes were compared between patients with and without ILD, showing a statistically significant difference in terms of LUS score (p: 0.0002), FEV1 (p: 0.0039) and FVC (p: 0.012). ROC curve both in lobe by lobe and in patient's overall analysis revealed an outstanding ILD discrimination ability of LUS (AUC: 0.94 and 0.95 respectively) with a substantial Cohen's coefficient (K: 0.74 and 0.69). Conclusions: LUS has an outstanding discrimination ability compared to CT in identifying an ILD of at least mild grade in the post COVID-19 follow-up. LUS should be considered as the first-line tool in follow-up programs, while chest CT could be performed based on LUS findings

Immunotherapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer with a high mortality rate due to the fact that the diagnosis usually occurs at anadvanced stage. Even in case of curative surgical treatment, recurrence is common. Sorafenib and regorafenib are the only therapeutic agents that have been demonstrated to be effective in advanced HCC, thus novel curative approaches are urgently needed. Recent studies focus on the role of immune system in HCC. In fact, the unique immune response in the liver favors tolerance, which can represent a real challenge for conventional immunotherapy in these patients. Spontaneous immune responses against tumor antigens have been detected, and new immune therapies are under investigation: dendritic cell vaccination, immune-modulator strategy, and immune checkpoint inhibition. In recent years different clinical trials examining the use of immunotherapy to treat HCC have been conducted with initial promising results. This review article will summarize the literature data concerning the potential immunotherapeutic approaches in HCC patient