JOIA DE TERRITÓRIO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ: UMA ANÁLISE DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DOS ADORNOS COM SEMENTES NATIVAS: TERRITORY JEWEL IN THE STATE OF PARÁ: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTIVE CHAIN OF ADORNMENT WITH NATIVE SEEDS

This paper presents the partial results of the master's research developed at the UFPE's PPGDesign, whose objective was to map the productive chain of territory jewelry from Pará with Amazonian seeds, aiming to contribute to the strengthening and sustainability of the local jewelry sector. The method was adapted from the Handicraft Productive Chain Analysis Model proposed by O Imaginário Design Laboratory/UFPE, to collect information for identifying raw materials, production processes and access to the market. The qualitative research had the voluntary participation of designers registered in the Polo Joalheiro Program/Pará; representatives of IGAMA and Embrapa, with the first results indicative of weaknesses in the initial manufacturing stages. Producers depend on middlemen to collect and process raw materials, however, Embrapa-PA already has an effective method for seed treatment, which has not yet been applied by local producers.Este artículo presenta los resultados parciales de la investigación de maestría desarrollada en el PPGDesign de la UFPE, cuyo objetivo fue mapear la cadena productiva de la joyería del territorio de Pará con semillas amazónicas para contribuir al fortalecimiento y sostenibilidad del sector joyero local. El método fue adaptado del Modelo de Análisis de la Cadena Productiva Artesanal propuesto por el Laboratorio de Diseño O Imaginário/UFPE, para recoger información sobre la identificación de materias primas, procesos productivos y acceso al mercado. La investigación cualitativa contó con la participación voluntaria de diseñadores inscritos en el Programa Polo Joyería/Pará; representantes del IGAMA y de Embrapa, y los primeros resultados indican debilidades en las etapas iniciales de la fabricación. Los productores dependen de intermediarios para recolectar y procesar la materia prima, sin embargo, Embrapa-PA ya cuenta con un método eficaz para el tratamiento de las semillas, aún no practicado por los productores locales.Este artigo apresenta os resultados parciais da pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no PPGDesign da UFPE, cujo objetivo foi mapear a cadeia produtiva das joias de território do Pará com sementes amazônicas visando contribuir para o fortalecimento e a sustentabilidade do setor joalheiro local. O método foi adaptado do Modelo de Análise da Cadeia Produtiva do Artesanato proposto pelo Laboratório de Design O Imaginário/UFPE, para coletar informações sobre a identificação da matéria-prima, dos processos produtivos e do acesso ao mercado. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo contou com a participação voluntária de designers cadastrados no Programa Polo Joalheiro/Pará; representantes do IGAMA e da Embrapa, sendo os primeiros resultados, indicativos de fragilidades nas etapas iniciais de fabricação. Os produtores dependem dos atravessadores para coleta e beneficiamento da matéria prima, no entanto, a Embrapa-PA já dispõe de um método eficaz para o tratamento das sementes, ainda não praticado pelos produtores locais

JOIA DE TERRITÓRIO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ: UMA ANÁLISE DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DOS ADORNOS COM SEMENTES NATIVAS: TERRITORY JEWEL IN THE STATE OF PARÁ: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTIVE CHAIN OF ADORNMENT WITH NATIVE SEEDS

This paper presents the partial results of the master's research developed at the UFPE's PPGDesign, whose objective was to map the productive chain of territory jewelry from Pará with Amazonian seeds, aiming to contribute to the strengthening and sustainability of the local jewelry sector. The method was adapted from the Handicraft Productive Chain Analysis Model proposed by O Imaginário Design Laboratory/UFPE, to collect information for identifying raw materials, production processes and access to the market. The qualitative research had the voluntary participation of designers registered in the Polo Joalheiro Program/Pará; representatives of IGAMA and Embrapa, with the first results indicative of weaknesses in the initial manufacturing stages. Producers depend on middlemen to collect and process raw materials, however, Embrapa-PA already has an effective method for seed treatment, which has not yet been applied by local producers.Este artículo presenta los resultados parciales de la investigación de maestría desarrollada en el PPGDesign de la UFPE, cuyo objetivo fue mapear la cadena productiva de la joyería del territorio de Pará con semillas amazónicas para contribuir al fortalecimiento y sostenibilidad del sector joyero local. El método fue adaptado del Modelo de Análisis de la Cadena Productiva Artesanal propuesto por el Laboratorio de Diseño O Imaginário/UFPE, para recoger información sobre la identificación de materias primas, procesos productivos y acceso al mercado. La investigación cualitativa contó con la participación voluntaria de diseñadores inscritos en el Programa Polo Joyería/Pará; representantes del IGAMA y de Embrapa, y los primeros resultados indican debilidades en las etapas iniciales de la fabricación. Los productores dependen de intermediarios para recolectar y procesar la materia prima, sin embargo, Embrapa-PA ya cuenta con un método eficaz para el tratamiento de las semillas, aún no practicado por los productores locales.Este artigo apresenta os resultados parciais da pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no PPGDesign da UFPE, cujo objetivo foi mapear a cadeia produtiva das joias de território do Pará com sementes amazônicas visando contribuir para o fortalecimento e a sustentabilidade do setor joalheiro local. O método foi adaptado do Modelo de Análise da Cadeia Produtiva do Artesanato proposto pelo Laboratório de Design O Imaginário/UFPE, para coletar informações sobre a identificação da matéria-prima, dos processos produtivos e do acesso ao mercado. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo contou com a participação voluntária de designers cadastrados no Programa Polo Joalheiro/Pará; representantes do IGAMA e da Embrapa, sendo os primeiros resultados, indicativos de fragilidades nas etapas iniciais de fabricação. Os produtores dependem dos atravessadores para coleta e beneficiamento da matéria prima, no entanto, a Embrapa-PA já dispõe de um método eficaz para o tratamento das sementes, ainda não praticado pelos produtores locais

concept of a maneuvering load control system and effect on the fatigue life extension

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for the conceptual design of a Maneuver Load Control system taking into account the airframe flexibility. The system, when switched on, is able to minimize the bending moment augmentation at a wing station near the wing root during an unsteady longitudinal maneuver. The reduction of the incremental wing bending moment due to maneuvers can lead to benefits such as improved pay-loads/gross weight capabilities and/or extended structural fatigue life. The maneuver is performed by following a desired vertical load factor law with elevators deflections, starting from the trim equilibrium in level flight. The system observes load factor and structural bending through accelerometers and calibrated strain sensors and then sends signals to a computer that symmetrically actuates ailerons for reducing the structural bending and elevators for compensating the perturbation to the longitudinal equilibrium. The major limit of this kind of systems appears when it has to be installed on commercial transport aircraft for reduced OEW or augmented wing aspect-ratio. In this case extensive RAMS analyses and high redundancy of the MLC related sub-systems are required by the Certification Authority. Otherwise the structural design must be performed at system off. Thus the unique actual benefit to be gained from the adoption of a MLC system on a commercial transport is the fatigue life extension. An application to a business aircraft responding to the EASA Certification Specifications, Part 25, has been performed. The aircraft used for the numerical application is considered only as a test case-study. Most of design and analysis considerations are applicable also to other aircraft, such as unmanned or military ones, although some design requirements can be clearly different. The estimation of the fatigue life extension of a structural joint (wing lower skin-stringer), located close to the wing root, has been estimated by showing the expected benefit to be gained from the adoption of such a maneuvering load control system

The preliminary design of a scaled Composite UHBR Fan for a wind tunnel test campaign

AbstractThe ambition of the CA3ViAR project is to design an open test case fan that experiences instability mechanisms, which are representative for ultra-high bypass ratio (UHBR) fans of civil aircrafts, and to perform a comprehensive experimental investigation to measure aerodynamic, aeroelastic and aeroacoustic performance in a wide range of operational conditions. Experimental tests will be performed in the Propulsion-Test-Facility (PTF) of the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery (IFAS) of Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany. The final objective of the project is to provide an open test case for the entire research community, with geometries, numerical and experimental results to establish a new reference for composite UHBR fan design. This will support the development of new methods and tools for the development of safer, lighter and more efficient composite fans for greener UHBR engines. In this work the preliminary design of the low transonic fan (LTF) to be used as test article, whose main requirement is to be operated in a safe and controlled way in conditions of aerodynamic and/or aeroelastic instability during wind tunnel operations, is presented. More in particular, consolidated aerodynamic design, strategy adopted to drive the structural design, flutter analysis taking into account acoustic reflection at the intake, dynamic and stress analyses, as well as aeroacoustic measurement optimization are presented and discussed. The preliminary mechanical design of composite blades and the rotor hub, together with the rotor instrumentation and related studies to embed sensors in the composite blades, are also part of this article, and complemented by manufacturing trials and demonstration tests give the full picture of all the project activities up to the preliminary design review

Influence of Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Nanofibers and BMP-2–Containing Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Nanofibers on Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The aim of this study was to characterize synthetic poly-(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers concerning their ability to promote growth and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro, as well as to test their suitability as a carrier system for growth factors. Fiber matrices composed of PLLA or BMP-2–incorporated PLLA were seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells and cultivated over a period of 22 days under growth and osteoinductive conditions, and analyzed during the course of culture, with respect to gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and collagen I (COL-I). Furthermore, COL-I and OC deposition, as well as cell densities and proliferation, were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. Although the presence of nanofibers diminished the dexamethasone-induced proliferation, there were no differences in cell densities or deposition of either COL-I or OC after 22 days of culture. The gene expression of ALP, OC, and COL-I decreased in the initial phase of cell cultivation on PLLA nanofibers as compared to cover slip control, but normalized during the course of cultivation. The initial down-regulation was not observed when BMP-2 was directly incorporated into PLLA nanofibers by electrospinning, indicating that growth factors like BMP-2 might survive the spinning process in a bioactive form

Redox-responsive branched-bottlebrush polymers for \u3ci\u3ein vivo\u3c/i\u3e MRI and fluorescence imaging

Stimuli-responsive multimodality imaging agents have broad potential in medical diagnostics. Herein, we report the development of a new class of branched-bottlebrush polymer dual-modality organic radical contrast agents—ORCAFluors—for combined magnetic resonance and near-infrared fluorescence imaging in vivo. These nitroxide radical-based nanostructures have longitudinal and transverse relaxation times that are on par with commonly used heavy-metal-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Furthermore, these materials display a unique compensatory redox response: fluorescence is partially quenched by surrounding nitroxides in the native state; exposure to ascorbate or ascorbate/glutathione leads to nitroxide reduction and a concomitant 2- to 3.5-fold increase in fluorescence emission. This behaviour enables correlation of MRI contrast, fluorescence intensity and spin concentration with tissues known to possess high concentrations of ascorbate in mice. Our in vitro and in vivo results, along with our modular synthetic approach, make ORCAFluors a promising new platform for multimodality molecular imaging

Electrospun PLLA Nanofiber Scaffolds and Their Use in Combination with BMP-2 for Reconstruction of Bone Defects

Introduction Adequate migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is essential for regeneration of large bone defects. To achieve this, modern graft materials are becoming increasingly important. Among them, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are a promising approach, because of their high physical porosity and potential to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). Materials and Methods The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of electrospun PLLA nanofiber scaffolds on bone formation in vivo, using a critical size rat calvarial defect model. In addition we analyzed whether direct incorporation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) into nanofibers could enhance the osteoinductivity of the scaffolds. Two critical size calvarial defects (5 mm) were created in the parietal bones of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Defects were either (1) left unfilled, or treated with (2) bovine spongiosa, (3) PLLA scaffolds alone or (4) PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds. Cranial CT-scans were taken at fixed intervals in vivo. Specimens obtained after euthanasia were processed for histology, histomorphometry and immunostaining (Osteocalcin, BMP-2 and Smad5). Results PLLA scaffolds were well colonized with cells after implantation, but only showed marginal ossification. PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds showed much better bone regeneration and several ossification foci were observed throughout the defect. PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds also stimulated significantly faster bone regeneration during the first eight weeks compared to bovine spongiosa. However, no significant differences between these two scaffolds could be observed after twelve weeks. Expression of osteogenic marker proteins in PLLA/BMP-2 scaffolds continuously increased throughout the observation period. After twelve weeks osteocalcin, BMP-2 and Smad5 were all significantly higher in the PLLA/BMP-2 group than in all other groups. Conclusion Electrospun PLLA nanofibers facilitate colonization of bone defects, while their use in combination with BMP-2 also increases bone regeneration in vivo and thus combines osteoconductivity of the scaffold with the ability to maintain an adequate osteogenic stimulus

Characterization of a PLLA-Collagen I Blend Nanofiber Scaffold with Respect to Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The aim of this study was to enhance synthetic poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers by blending with collagen I (COLI) in order to improve their ability to promote growth and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Fiber matrices composed of PLLA and COLI in different ratios were characterized with respect to their morphology, as well as their ability to promote growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) over a period of 22 days. Furthermore, the course of differentiation was analyzed by gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and COLI. The PLLA-COLI blend nanofibers presented themselves with a relatively smooth surface. They were more hydrophilic as compared to PLLA nanofibers alone and formed a gel-like structure with a stable nanofiber backbone when incubated in aqueous solutions. We examined nanofibers composed of different PLLA and COLI ratios. A composition of 4:1 ratio of PLLA:COLI showed the best results. When hMSC were cultured on the PLLA-COLI nanofiber blend, growth as well as osteoblast differentiation (determined as gene expression of ALP, OC, and COLI) was enhanced when compared to PLLA nanofibers alone. Therefore, the blending of PLLA with COLI might be a suitable tool to enhance PLLA nanofibers with respect to bone tissue engineering