Comparative Anatomy of Stem and Leaf of Ricotia L. Growing in Turkey

The present paper deals with a comparative anatomy of stem and leaf of Ricotia species growing in Turkey. In addition, stomatal index and rate of these species were calculated. A diagnostic key based on combined stem, leaf and leaf epidermal characteristics were presented. The presence or absence of trichome, cortex parenchyma layer, sclerenchyma, mesophyll structure and epidermal surface were found to be important characters for the identification of Ricotia species

Phylogenetic Relationships Based on Morphological and Anatomical Characters on Ricotia L. Genus (Brassicaceae) Growing in Turkey

The phylogenetic relation of Ricotia (Brassicaceae) genus, which is distributed throughout Turkey based on morphological and anatomic characters were investigated. A total of 36 characteristics of which 24 from morphological and 12 from anatomic studies were used in the cladistics analyses. Anatomical characters were studied from horizontal and superficial sections of the stems and leaves. Analysis of data set utilizing maximum parsimony criteria with Branch-and-Bound search algorithm yielded 87 parsimonious trees. Some of the branches obtained by majority rule consensus algorithm were supported by bootstrap analysis. Maximum parsimony tree formed based on morphological and anatomic data sets consisted of three clades. Clade 1 consisting of R. tenuifolia, R. sinuata and R. carnosula is a monophyletic group. This group was supported by a bootstrap value of 54%. Clade 2 is made up of R. davisiana, R. aucheri and R. varians and was supported with a bootstrap value of 54%

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Ulukışla (Niğde-Turkey)

This study aimed to identify wild plants collected for medicinal purposes by the local people of Ulukıs¸la County, located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey and to establish the uses and local names of these plants. A field study was carried out over a period of approximately 2 years (2002–2003). During this period, 59 vascular plant specimens were collected. Demographic characteristics of participants, local plant names, plant parts used and preparation methods of the plantswere investigated and recorded. Within the scope of the study, the plant species were collected; herbarium materials were prepared; and the plant specimens were named. In addition, the relative importance value of the species was determined and was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study. A total of 59 medical plants belonging to 27 families were identified in the region. The most common families were Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Apiaceae. This study identified not only the wild plants collected for medical purposes by local people of Ulukıs¸la County in the Central Anatolia Region, but also the uses and local names of these plants. Comparison of the data obtained in this study from the plants growing in Ulukısla with the experimental data obtained in previous laboratory studies showed mostly the same ethnobotanical usages. The plant flora of Ulukıs¸la is threatened by such factors as grazing, expansion of newagricultural lands, and unsustainable picking of plants to generate income. Steps should be taken immediately to ensure the inclusion of relevant flora within conservation designations

Essential Oil Composition of Two Grammosciadium DC. Species, G. platycarpum (Boiss et Hausskn) Schischk and G. macrodon Boiss (Apiaceae), from Turkey

Purpose: To investigate and compare the essential oil composition of two Grammosciadium species obtained by hydrodistillation Methods: The essential oil of the aerial parts of two species was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: In G. platycarpum, twenty-seven compounds were identified representing 99.3 % of the total oil. The major constituents of the oil were limonene (28.4 %), β-pinene (16.1 %), β-selinene (15.9 %), δ- 3-carene (11.2 %), α-farnesene (6.0 %) and p - cymene (4.7 %). The oil of G. macrodon contained thirty-seven components representing 94.4 % of the total oil, with caryophyllene oxide (15.9 %), germacrene - D (12.4 %), β-caryophyllene (11.5 %), δ-3 - carene (10.1 %) and cyclohexane (4.6 %) as the main constituents. Conclusion: The essential oil composition of G. macrodon was analysed for the first time, the most abundant constituents being caryophyllene oxide, and cyclohexane

Guaiane-type Sesquiterpene Lactones from Chrysophthalmum montanum

Four new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glycosides (1-4), 4α-hydroxy-guai-1(10)-en-12,8α-olide 2β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4α-hydroxy-guai-1(10)-en-12,8α-olide 2β-O-(6΄-trans-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 10α-hydroxy-guai-1(2)-en-12,8α-olide 4α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 10α-hydroxy-guai-12,8α-olide 4β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and three known guaiane-type sesquiterpenes (5-7), 4α,6α-dihydroxy-1β,5α,7αH-guaia-9(10),11(13)-dien-12,8α-olide (5), 6α-acetoxy-4α-hydroxy-1βH-guaia-9(10),11(13)-dien-12,8α-olide (6), and 4β-10α-Dihydroxy-5α-guai-1(2),11(13)-dien-12,8α-olide (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Chrysophthalmum montanum (DC) Boiss. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis in combination with MS experiments

Survey of wild food plants for human consumption in Elaziğ (Turkey)

This study aims to record accumulation of knowledge on plants which are used as food by local people of Elazig that has a rich culture and a very natural environment. Field study was carried out over a period of approximately two years (2010-2011). During this period, 92 vascular plant specimens were collected. The plants were pressed in the field and prepared for identification. A total of 62 food plants belonging to 28 families were identified in the region. There is no detailed information in the literature with regard to the use of brevipes for human nutrition. It is certained that wild plants being used for nutritional purposes by human beings are also used for medicinal purposes. Highlighting the importance of flora and ethnobotanical inventory studies in terms of the protection and use of plant sources, what is required is the cultivation of endangered plant species, establishment of seedbanks for these plants, recording of their natural habitat as well as conducting studies in order to raise public awareness. © 2015, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved

Total Antioxidant Status and Antifungal Activities of Endemic Geophytic Plants Collected from Munzur Valley in Tunceli

Total antioxidant status and antifungal activities of three endemic plants from the Munzur Valley in Tunceli, Turkey; Bellevalia gracilis Feinbrun, Muscari aucheri (Boiss.) Baker ve Tulipa armena Boiss. var. lycica (Baker) Marais were evaluated for the first time. Aqueous, hexanic, methanolic and ethanolic extracts were obtained from leaves and bulbs of B. gracilis, M. aucheri ve T. armena var. lycica. Total antioxidant status was determined by using TAS assay kit (Rel assay diagnostics). Antifungal assays were performed according to amended agar method against white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor.Among the plants tested, the leaves of B. gracilis exhibited highest total antioxidant status among all samples evaluated in this study. According to the results, M. aucheri plant exhibited the lowest antioxidant status. The results of this study showed that the aqueous leaf extract of T. armena var. lycica at a concentration 2.5% (w/v) suppressed significantly the radial growth of C. versicolor by 68.00%. It can be concluded that the plant species assayed possess antifungal and antioxidant properties

Screening of Total Antioxidant Status of Ricotia L. and some Grammosciadium DC. Species from Turkey

This study was aimed at screening the total antioxidant status (TAS) of genus Ricotia L. and some Grammosciadium L. from Turkey in order to find new potential sources of natural antioxidants. The TAS level of a total of 12 plant extracts from non-edible plant materials was examined. According to the results, hexanic extract of R. sinuata plant exhibited the lowest antioxidant status (2.41 mmol Trolox equivalent/l). The highest TAS level was determined in ethanolic extract of the G. daucoides (4.36 mmol Trolox equivalent/l). As a result, due to its antioxidative properties, ethanolic extract of G. daucoides can be utilized as a natural source of antioxidants

First microsatellite markers for Scaligeria lazica Boiss. (Apiaceae) by next-generation sequencing: population structure and genetic diversity analysis

The Apiaceae family includes a few agronomic and medicinal species, one of which is Scaligeria lazica Boiss. In this study, the genetic diversity of S. lazica was analyzed based on novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 15.17G clean Illumina data set was obtained and dinucleotide repeats were the most abundant repeats in S. lazica. Of the tested 150 SSR primer pairs, 139 ones produced amplification and 84 ones were polymorphic. Forty polymorphic SSR loci were used in genetic diversity analysis of 40 S. lazica accessions from four locations. A total of 264 alleles were amplified with an average of 6.6 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.60, while the observed homozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values were 0.47 and 0.66, respectively. According to cluster and structure analysis, all accessions were grouped into four different clusters according to their collection sites. The SSR markers developed in this study can be tested for other Scaligeria species due to their high transferability and can be used for genetic studies in genus Scaligeria DC. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Two Endemic Kundmannia Scop. Species from Turkey

Kundmannia anatolica HUB.-MOR. and Kundmannia syriaca BOISS. are two endemic species of Apiaceae diversified in Turkey. In the present study, the essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of these endemic species collected from Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey were investigated. Essentialoils of aerial parts were obtained by hydro distillation method and analyzed by GC–MS/FID. Acetone,chloroform and methanol extracts of aerial parts of the plants were tested against seven bacteria and three yeasts by disc diffusion method for antimicrobial assays and minimum inhibition concentrations(MIC) were determined. Spathulenol, curdione, apritone, germacrene-d and- (−) globulol were the majorcomponents of K. anatolica. In the essential oil of K. syriaca, spathulenol, germacrene-d, bioallethrin,12-norcyercene-B and methadol were determined as the main compounds. The most abundant com-pound of K. anatolica and K. syriaca was spathulenol with 17.40%–19.53% ratio in the GC–MS and 19.7%,24.99% ratio in GC–FID results, respectively. Aerial parts extracts of K. anatolica and K. syriaca exhibitedremarkable antimicrobial activity to all tested microorganisms except for Candida albicans