Pihvin korvaaminen pavuilla: Täytyykö meidän ja pystymmekö me?

Julkinen keskustelu ruokavaliomme muuttamisesta nykyistä kasvispainotteisemmaksi käy kuumana. Erityisen paljon kommentteja puolesta ja vastaan ovat herättäneet kouluihin, päiväkoteihin ja viimeksi puolustusvoimiin lanseeratut kasvisruoka-ateriat ja -päivät. Miltä asia näyttää tieteen näkökulmasta? Onko meillä tieteellistä näyttöä siitä, että kasvisruokien lisääminen ruokalautaselle ja eläinproteiinin korvaaminen kasviperäisellä vaikuttavat hyödyllisesti ilmastonmuutokseen ja väestön ravitsemukseen? Entä liittyykö muutokseen riskejä

Gut microbiota can utilize prebiotic birch glucuronoxylan in production of short-chain fatty acids in rats

Correction: Volume13, Issue 8 Page: 4770-4770 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo90028a Published: APR 20 2022Birch-derived glucuronoxylan (GX)-rich hemicellulose extract is an abundantly available by-product of the forest industry. It has multifunctional food stabilizing properties, and is rich in fiber and polyphenols. Here, we studied its effects on colonic metabolism and gut microbiota in healthy rats. Male and female Wistar rats (n = 42) were fed AIN-93G-based diets with 10% (w/w) of either cellulose (control), a polyphenol and GX-rich extract (GXpoly), or a highly purified GX-rich extract (pureGX) for four weeks. Both the GXpoly and pureGX diets resulted in changes on the gut microbiota, especially in a higher abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae than the cellulose containing diet (p < 0.001). This coincided with higher concentrations of microbial metabolites in the luminal contents of the GX-fed than control rats, such as total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (p < 0.001), acetate (p < 0.001), and N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) (p = 0.001). The difference in the concentration of NOCs was not seen when adjusted with fecal weight. GX supplementation supported the normal growth of the rats. Our results indicate that GXpoly and pureGX can favorably affect colonic metabolism and the gut microbiota. They have high potential to be used as prebiotic stabilizers to support more ecologically sustainable food production.Peer reviewe

Replacing Animal-Based Proteins with Plant-Based Proteins Changes the Composition of a Whole Nordic Diet—A Randomised Clinical Trial in Healthy Finnish Adults

Increased consumption of plant-based foods and decreased consumption of animal-based foods is recommended for healthy diets and sustainable food production. We investigated the effects of partial replacement of dietary animal proteins with plant-based ones on intake of energy-yielding nutrients, fibre, and plasma lipoproteins. This 12-week randomised clinical intervention comprised 107 women and 29 men (20–69 years) in three diet groups with different dietary protein compositions (“ANIMAL”: Animal 70%/plant 30%; “50/50”: Animal 50%/plant 50%; “PLANT”: Animal 30%/plant 70%; all: Protein intake 17 E%). Nutrient intakes were assessed by 4-day food records. Saturated fat intake (E%) was lower and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (E%) higher in the PLANT and 50/50 groups compared to the ANIMAL group (p 0.05). Replacing animal protein with plant protein sources in the diet led to an increased fibre intake and improved dietary fat quality as well as blood lipoprotein profile. Flexitarian diets could provide healthy and more sustainable alternatives for the current, predominantly animal-based diets

Replacing dietary animal-source proteins with plant-source proteins changes dietary intake and status of vitamins and minerals in healthy adults : a 12-week randomized controlled trial

Purpose A shift towards more plant-based diets promotes both health and sustainability. However, controlled trials addressing the nutritional effects of replacing animal proteins with plant proteins are lacking. We examined the effects of partly replacing animal proteins with plant proteins on critical vitamin and mineral intake and statuses in healthy adults using a whole-diet approach. Methods Volunteers aged 20-69 years (107 female, 29 male) were randomly allocated into one of three 12-week intervention groups with different dietary protein compositions: ANIMAL: 70% animal-source protein/30% plant-source protein; 50/50: 50% animal/50% plant; PLANT: 30% animal/70% plant; all with designed protein intake of 17 E%. We analysed vitamin B-12, iodine, iron, folate, and zinc intakes from 4-day food records, haemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptor, folate, and holotranscobalamin II from fasting blood samples, and iodine from 24-h urine. Results At the end point, vitamin B-12 intake and status were lower in PLANT than in 50/50 or ANIMAL groups (PPeer reviewe

Risk factors and possibilities of prvention of bowel cancer

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Unique Pakistani gut microbiota highlights population-specific microbiota signatures of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Biogeographic variations in the gut microbiota are pivotal to understanding the global pattern of host–microbiota interactions in prevalent lifestyle-related diseases. Pakistani adults, having an exceptionally high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), are one of the most understudied populations in microbiota research to date. The aim of the present study is to examine the gut microbiota across individuals from Pakistan and other populations of non-industrialized and industrialized lifestyles with a focus on T2D. The fecal samples from 94 urban-dwelling Pakistani adults with and without T2D were profiled by bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplicon sequencing and eubacterial qPCR, and plasma samples quantified for circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and the activation ability of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling. Publicly available datasets generated with comparable molecular methods were retrieved for comparative analysis of the bacterial microbiota. Overall, urbanized Pakistanis’ gut microbiota was similar to that of transitional or non-industrialized populations, depleted in Akkermansiaceae and enriched in Prevotellaceae (dominated by the non-Westernized clades of Prevotella copri). The relatively high proportion of Atopobiaceae appeared to be a unique characteristic of the Pakistani gut microbiota. The Pakistanis with T2D had elevated levels of LBP and TLR-signaling in circulation as well as gut microbial signatures atypical of other populations, e.g., increased relative abundance of Libanicoccus/Parolsenella, limiting the inter-population extrapolation of gut microbiota-based classifiers for T2D. Taken together, our findings call for a more global representation of understudied populations to extend the applicability of microbiota-based diagnostics and therapeutics.Peer reviewe

The role of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer development : a perspective

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