Ammonite-benthic Foraminifera turnovers across the Lower-Middle Jurassic transition in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)

This paper describes and characterises the co-occurrence of ammonite and benthic foraminiferal assemblages across the São Gião outcrop (Central Portugal), a reference section for the Lower-Middle Jurassic boundary in the Lusitanian Basin. The upper Toarcian-lower Aalenian marls and marly-limestones in this section provide a precise and detailed ammonite-based biostratigraphic zonation, with a mixed assemblage of northwest European and Mediterranean faunal elements, associated with benthic foraminifera assemblages with northern hemisphere affinities, both correlatable with the Aalenian GSSP at the Fuentelsaz section (Iberian Cordillera, Spain). A total of 447 well-preserved ammonite specimens and 13.116 foraminifera have been studied; no evidence was detected of any taphonomic processes that could have changed the original assemblages. From a biostratigraphic point of view, the ammonite record has enabled four biostratigraphic units to be recognised (the Mactra and Aalensis subzones of the Aalensis Biozone in the upper Toarcian, and the Opalinum and Comptum subzones of the Opalinum Biozone in the lower Aalenian). With regard to the benthic foraminifera, the taxa identified have enabled the Astacolus dorbignyi Zone and 11 bioevents to be identified, most of which representing local biostratigraphic proxies. However, the increase in the relative abundance of Lenticulina exgaleata Dieni from the upper part of the Opalinum Subzone to the lower part of the Comptum Subzone has a regional value. The constant and continuous ammonite record of northwest European taxa, together with typical Mediterranean taxa – namely Grammoceratinae – throughout the section, the high relative abundance of Miliolina representatives – generally interpreted as foraminifers typical of shallow waters – and the absence of foraminiferal forms typical of cool waters, do not support the inference of cool seawater temperatures attributed to the Early Aalenian, or the global character of the “Comptum cooling event”, at least with reference to the Lusitanian Basin

Foraminiferal assemblages from the bajocian global stratotype section and point (GSSP) at Cape Mondego (Portugal)

A detailed study of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages at the Bajocian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP— Murtinheira section, Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal) presented herein increases the correlation potential of this relevant global geological time reference. The recorded assemblages are relatively abundant and diverse, and are composed of wellpreserved taxa typical of the Boreal Realm. The most abundant suborders are Lagenina and Spirillinina. Representatives of the Suborder Textulariina are also abundant in some assemblages, while those of the suborders Robertinina and Rotaliina are scarce. Lenticulina specimens are the most abundant in all assemblages, but at the specific level, there are differences between Aalenian and Bajocian assemblages, with Lenticulina muensteri being most abundant in the former and Spirillina orbicula in the latter. Two biozones, based on calcareous foraminifers, have been established and calibrated to the standard ammonite zonation: 1) the Lenticulina quenstedti Zone, ranging from the upper part of the Gigantea Subzone, Bradfordensis Biozone, upper Aalenian, to the lower part of the Discites Biozone, lower Bajocian, and 2) the Ramulina spandeli Zone, beginning at the top of the preceeding zone and having an undefined upper boundary. In addition, 11 bioevents are defined on first occurrences, last occurrences, changes in abundances of some taxa, or changes in assemblage diversity. After a severe impoverishment at the Aalenian–Bajocian transition, an important foraminiferal turnover takes place in the early Bajocian, where some Lower Jurassic and Aalenian forms are replaced by typical Middle Jurassic tax

O nutricionista e o cuidado integral do indivíduo com excesso de peso na atenção básica

Objetivo Este estudo buscou compreender, a partir da percepção dos nutricionistas, as diferentes naturezas dos desafiospara o cuidado integral dos indivíduos com excesso de peso na atenção básica. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com profissionais da atenção básica do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, buscando compreender percepções quanto aos desafios para a organização do cuidado integral dos indivíduos com excesso de peso. Para interpretação dos dados, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo, a partir do quadro teórico denominado Theoretical Domains Framework Resultados Foram identificados desafios relacionados a 10 dos 12 diferentes domínios propostos pelo quadro teórico. Os referidos desafios estão relacionados à capacidade, à oportunidade e à motivação dos trabalhadores em agir, nosentido de ofertar um cuidado mais efetivo. Conclusão As diferentes naturezas das barreiras para a oferta de um cuidado iintegral dos indivíduos com excesso de peso se mostraram bastante imbricadas, apontando para uma necessidade de qualificação profissional de forma conjunta com a estruturação de um modelo de atenção adequado às condições crônicas, como o excesso de peso.Objective This study sought to highlight the different types of challenges for the integral care of overweight individuals in primary care based on the perception of nutritionists. Methods This is a qualitative study with primary care professionals from the Federal District, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the perceptions regarding the organization of integral care. The analysis of the data was based on the theoretical framework Theoretical Domains Framework. Results Challenges related to 10 of the 12 different domains proposed by the theoretical framework were identifi ed. These challenges are related to the capability, opportunity and motivation of workers to act to offer moreeffective care. Conclusion The different nature of the barriers identifi ed were overlapped, which reveal the need for professional qualifi cation along with the consolidation of an appropriate care model for chronic noncommunicable diseases such as obesity

O nutricionista e o cuidado ao indivíduo com excesso de peso na atenção básica do Distrito Federal

Dissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2016.O objetivo do trabalho é compreender a percepção dos nutricionistas atuantes na atenção básica (AB) quanto aos determinantes do excesso de peso (EP), as ações desenvolvidas e os desafios percebidos para realização de um cuidado integral a esses indivíduos. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com nutricionistas atuantes na AB do Distrito Federal. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo, tendo por referência a Teoria das Representações Sociais, utilizando-se de uma ferramenta conceitual de análise do comportamento denominado Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Foram entrevistados 16 nutricionistas que expressaram compreensão principalmente dos determinantes proximais do EP; realização de ações de cuidado ainda desenvolvidas apenas pelo nutricionista e identificaram como baixa a eficácia do cuidado. Frente à possibilidade de um cuidado mais integral, foram identificadas barreiras quanto ao conhecimento e habilidades, quanto à organização dos processos de trabalho e quanto ao trabalho multiprofissional. Conclui-se que, para garantia de um cuidado ao indivíduo com EP mais efetivo na AB, os profissionais identificam como necessárias melhorias conjuntas no campo da formação profissional, na consolidação de um modelo de atenção adequado às condições crônicas e na conformação de equipes multiprofissionais.The purpose of this study is to compreehend the perception of the primary health care nutritionists concerning overweight determinants, development of actions and perceived challenges towards a broader and more integrative health care approach. This is a qualitative study, which was carried out through semisctructured interviews with primary health care nutritionists of Brazil’s Federal District. Content and thematic analyses were used to analyse the interviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Sixteen nutritionists were interviewed, resulting in a limited compreehension of overweight determinants, low effectiveness and fragmented health interventions. Given the possibility of a more compreehensive care, barriers were identified related to knowledge and skills acquired, organization of work processes and multidisciplinary work in the health team. We conclude that, to guarantee a more effective overweight management in primary health care, joint improvements in the field of vocational training, consolidation of an appropriate chronic condition model of care and formation of multidisciplinary teams are required characteristics

The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

Background Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. Methods We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1,2017, and Dec 31,2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. Findings The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23.2 months (IQR 11.0-36.5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0.8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5.4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19. 7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42.9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enudeation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98.8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99.5% (95% CI 98.8-100.0) for children from high-income countries, 91.2% (89.5-93.0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80.3% (78.3-82.3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57.3% (524-63-0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16.67; 95% CI 4.76-50.00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8.98; 4.44-18.18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1.38 per year; 1.23-1.56). For children aged 3-7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0.0104 for the change in slope). Interpretation This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Iniquidade de gênero e atenção à saúde no Brasil: em busca de equidade, diversidade e liderança

A equidade de gênero é reconhecida como direito fundamental do ser humano pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) desde 1948. Em 2015, a sua importância foi novamente destacada através da Agenda 2030 da ONU para o desenvolvimento sustentável em seu objetivo número 5: “atingir a equidade de gênero e empoderar todas as mulheres e meninas”. Nesse ponto, vale destacar a definição do termo “Equidade”, definido pelo Dicionário Cambridge como a “a situação em que todos são tratados de forma justa de acordo com suas necessidades e nenhum grupo de pessoas recebe tratamento especial”. A equidade é um dos princípios fundamentais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil, buscando atender de maneira universal às diferentes necessidades de saúde da população brasileira

The nuclear levels of thioredoxin reductase 1, gamma-H2AX, and yap are modulated by primary cilia in response to high glucose levels

This work was funded by Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa IPL/2021/ ObeCil_ESTeSL & IPL/ WintCilGlu_ESTeSL. H&TRC authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDB/05608/2020 and UIDP/05608/2020.Diabetes is a condition characterized by impaired regulation of blood glucose levels, leading to various complications such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), caused by a disrupted retinal blood barrier, is associated with oxidative stress resulting from dysregulated glucose levels in the retina. The primary cilium, an organelle involved in energy balance and glucose homeostasis, has been implicated in the development of various diseases known as ciliopathies, which include overlapping phenotypes such as obesity, diabetes, and retinopathy. This study aims to investigate the impact of high glucose levels on primary cilia assembly in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE-1) cell cultures and explore the role of cilia in the cellular response to high glucose levels. RPE-1 cells were grown in media supplemented with different glucose concentrations (5 mM, 25 mM, and 5 mM glucose + 20 mM mannitol), and cilia assembly was induced before or after glucose supplementation. The results revealed that glucose supplementation did not affect the number of ciliated cells, but cells supplemented with 25 mM glucose exhibited shorter cilia. To understand the role of cilia in response to high glucose levels, the nuclear levels of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1), a key enzyme involved in combating oxidative stress triggered by hyperglycemia, were evaluated. Additionally, γH2AX, a marker of DNA breaks and cellular senescence, and YAP, a Hippo pathway effector, were examined. It was observed that glucose supplementation, particularly at high levels (25 mM), influenced the nuclear levels of TRXR1, γH2AX, and YAP. Notably, the presence of cilia modulated the cellular response to high glucose levels, modulating the levels of these proteins. These preliminary findings indicate that primary cilia significantly influence the cellular response to high glucose concentrations, which are known to induce oxidative stress and potentially contribute to the development of DR.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio