Perubahan Kadar Senyawa Bioaktif dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Beras Organik Hitam Varietas Jawa dengan Pengemas Polipropilen Selama Enam Bulan Penyimpanan

The importance of health awareness has increased so the consumption of organic products has increased. Java varieties black organic rice is one of the local organic rice grown in Indonesia. Pigmented rice contains bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants. Rice needs to be packaged to minimize damage and facilitate the storage using polypropylene (PP) packaging. The results showed an increase in the yield, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities during storage. The highest yield of black rice (12.08 ± 0.03% dry basis) was at the 4th month. Total phenol of black rice (10.55 ± 0.29 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g dry basis) and total anthocyanins (0.04 ± 0.00 mg Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Equivalent/g dry basis) was the highest at 3rd month, total flavonoids (2.10 ± 0.11 mg Catechin Equivalent/g dry basis) at 6th month, the free radical DPPH scavenging (1.53 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g dry basis) activity at 3rd month, and the iron reducing power (31.31 ± 2.05 mg GAE/g dry basis) at 4th month

Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Hidrokoloid terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Organoleptik Velva Apel Manalagi

Manalagi apple is one of local commodity. Processing apples into velva is one effort to food iversification and extend the shelf life of apples. Velva is a frozen dessert product made from crushed fruit (puree) and it doesn't use milk fat. In general, body and texture of velva are influenced by the stability colloidal system which is influenced by the ratio of puree, water, and sugar. This research was done by Factorials Random Design using Hydrocolloid Type Factor (pectin (H1), gelatin (H2), and Na-CMC (H3)) and Hydrocolloid Concentration Factor (0,3% (K1) and 0,5% (K2) w/w) with four times replications. The parameters are consist of Physical Properties (viscocity, overrun (%), and melting rate) and Organoleptic Properties (color, spoonable, sandness, melting in the mouth, and flavor). Data will be analyzed using ANOVA at α= 5%, then continued by DMRT at α= 5% for the properties that gave the significant effect. Based on the result of ANOVA at α = 5% was known that Hydrocolloid type gave influenced to the viscosity (before and during aging). Hydrocolloid concentration gave influenced to the viscosity before aging. The interaction between hydrocolloid type and concentration gave influenced to overrun and organoleptic properties (spoonable, sandness, and color). Viscosity during aging had a range from 1024-4311%, overrun 5,19-18,07%. The preference test for spoonable was 5,0500-6,2000, sandness was 4,9875-6,2500, melting in the mouth was 5,6625-6,1875, flavor was 5,6625-6,2375, and color was 3,3375-6,2125

Practical use of the Virtual Cell Based Assay: Simulation of repeated exposure experiments in liver cell lines

AbstractThe Virtual Cell Based Assay (VCBA) was applied to simulate the long-term (repeat dose) toxic effects of chemicals, including substances in cosmetics and personal care products. The presented model is an extension of the original VCBA for simulation of single exposure and is implemented in a KNIME workflow. This work illustrates the steps taken to simulate the repeated dose effects of two reference compounds, caffeine and amiodarone. Using caffeine, in vitro experimental viability data in single exposure from two human liver cell lines, HepG2 and HepaRG, were measured and used to optimize the VCBA, subsequently repeated exposure simulations were run. Amiodarone was then tested and simulations were performed under repeated exposure conditions in HepaRG. The results show that the VCBA can adequately predict repeated exposure experiments in liver cell lines. The refined VCBA model can be used not only to support the design of long term in vitro experiments but also practical applications in risk assessment. Our model is a step towards the development of in silico predictive approaches to replace, refine, and reduce the in vivo repeated dose systemic toxicity studies in the assessment of human safety

Central blood pressure assessment using 24-hour brachial pulse wave analysis

Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Massimo Salvetti, Fabio Bertacchini, Claudia Agabiti-Rosei, Giulia Maruelli, Efrem Colonetti, Anna Paini Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Abstract: This review describes the use of central blood pressure (BP) measurements during ambulatory monitoring, using noninvasive devices. The principles of measuring central BP by applanation tonometry and by oscillometry are reported, and information on device validation studies is described. The pathophysiological basis for the differences between brachial and aortic pressure is discussed. The currently available methods for central aortic pressure measurement are relatively accurate, and their use has important clinical implications, such as improving diagnostic and prognostic stratification of hypertension and providing a more accurate assessment of the effect of treatment on BP. Keywords: aortic blood pressure measurements, ambulatory monitoring, pulse wave analysi

In vitro-to-in vivo correlation of the skin penetration, liver clearance and hepatotoxicity of caffeine

Abstract This work illustrates the use of Physiologically-Based Toxicokinetic (PBTK) modelling for the healthy Caucasian population in in vitro -to- in vivo correlation of kinetic measures of caffeine skin penetration and liver clearance (based on literature experiments), as well as dose metrics of caffeine-induced measured HepaRG toxicity. We applied a simple correlation factor to quantify the in vitro and in vivo differences in the amount of caffeine permeated through the skin and concentration-time profiles of caffeine in the liver. We developed a multi-scale computational approach by linking the PBTK model with a Virtual Cell-Based Assay to relate an external oral and dermal dose with the measured in vitro HepaRG cell viability. The results revealed higher in vivo skin permeation profiles than those determined in vitro using identical exposure conditions. Liver clearance of caffeine derived from in vitro metabolism rates was found to be much slower than the optimised in vivo clearance with respect to caffeine plasma concentrations. Finally, HepaRG cell viability was shown to remain almost unchanged for external caffeine doses of 5–400 mg for both oral and dermal absorption routes. We modelled single exposure to caffeine only

Predicting Invasive Fungal Pathogens Using Invasive Pest Assemblages: Testing Model Predictions in a Virtual World

Predicting future species invasions presents significant challenges to researchers and government agencies. Simply considering the vast number of potential species that could invade an area can be insurmountable. One method, recently suggested, which can analyse large datasets of invasive species simultaneously is that of a self organising map (SOM), a form of artificial neural network which can rank species by establishment likelihood. We used this method to analyse the worldwide distribution of 486 fungal pathogens and then validated the method by creating a virtual world of invasive species in which to test the SOM. This novel validation method allowed us to test SOM's ability to rank those species that can establish above those that can't. Overall, we found the SOM highly effective, having on average, a 96–98% success rate (depending on the virtual world parameters). We also found that regions with fewer species present (i.e. 1–10 species) were more difficult for the SOM to generate an accurately ranked list, with success rates varying from 100% correct down to 0% correct. However, we were able to combine the numbers of species present in a region with clustering patterns in the SOM, to further refine confidence in lists generated from these sparsely populated regions. We then used the results from the virtual world to determine confidences for lists generated from the fungal pathogen dataset. Specifically, for lists generated for Australia and its states and territories, the reliability scores were between 84–98%. We conclude that a SOM analysis is a reliable method for analysing a large dataset of potential invasive species and could be used by biosecurity agencies around the world resulting in a better overall assessment of invasion risk