Differential utilization of proteins in Anabas testudineus(Bloch) exposed to brief and prolonged fasting

In the present study total proteins were investigated and estimated in Anabas testudineus (Bloch) which was exposed to brief (15days) and prolonged fasting (60days).Method developed by Lowry et.al (1951) was adopted to estimate the total proteins. Six tissues were selected for the study. The results showed differential utilization of protein in selected tissues. (liver, kidney, brain, accessory respiratory organ, pectoral and lateral line muscle).There was an overall decline observed in the protein levels in most of tissues, with the exception being liver, brain and accessory respiratory organ which showed an increase in protein levels. This increase also was not found to be uniform. Liver and brain showed an elevation only during long term fasting and accessory respiratory organ showed an insignificant increase during both the fasting regimes. This significant depletion of total proteins in most of the tissues of Anabas during both the fasting regimes, suggests protein utilization to satisfy the energy demands and to combat the stressful condition and thus prolonging the longevity of the starving Anabas

NEW FTIR METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FAVIPIRAVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: A simple spectrophotometric method has been proposed for quantitative analysis of favipiravir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: New Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method has been developed for the estimation of favipiravir by using solid pellet technique. Results: Results were linear over the 20–100µg/mg concentration range, with correlation values exceeding 0.999. The approach was thoroughly validated in accordance with the recommendations of the International Conference on Harmonization, demonstrating acceptable levels of accuracy, precision, selectivity, robustness, and linearity. Conclusion: The statistical comparison between this method and HPLC revealed that the newly developed method was significantly distinct. Thus, it proves to be applicable. It met all validation standards over a variety of concentrations and can be used as a substitute for the official procedures

Combined effect of bromelain and turmeric against acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in wistar rats

Objective: The present study planned to study the combined effect of Bromelain and Turmeric in acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in Wistar rats. Methodology: Wistar rats of either sex (n = 30) were divided into 5 groups. Group – I, Sham control, administered single dose of vehicle rectally; Group –II, colitis control, colitis was induced by rectal administration of single dose of 2 ml of 3%, v/v of acetic acid in 0.9% saline; Group–III, treated with Turmeric (50 mg/kg/p.o); Group–IV, treated with Bromelain (100 mg/kg/p.o) and Group –V, treated with both Turmeric (50 mg/kg/p.o) and Bromelain (100 mg /kg/p.o). Colitis was induced in all the treatment groups on first day and drug treatment was continued for 7 days. During the treatment period, Disease Activity Index (DAI) was assessed daily and on 8th day White Blood Cell (WBC) Count and Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC) was performed and on 9th day all the rats were sacrificed for the assessment of intestinal inflammation, colon myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and Histopathology. Results obtained were analysed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results: Overall changes in DAI, Inflammatory scores, WBC, DLC and MPO has shown significant improvement with Turmeric and Bromelain compared to Colitis control. However, the combined therapy has shown to be more effective in alleviating ulcerative colitis compared to individual therapies. Conclusion: The present study recommends that the combination of Turmeric and Bromelain has synergistic effect in treating ulcerative colitis

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Leflunomide in Bulk Drug And Tablets

ABSTRACT A simple, rapid, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the estimation of Leflunomide in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was achieved with a Hypersil BDS C18 column. This method uses mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and 10mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate-buffer of PH 4.9±0.1(90:10) at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Leflunomide was detected by UV-absorption at 254nm with a retention time of 3.03min. the method was carried out by standard addition method. The estimation was linear over the concentration range of 10-50µg/ml, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. the intra-day and inter day studies shown that method was accurate and precise, easy-to-operate and validate

Analysis of Stability and G × E Interaction of Rice Genotypes across Saline and Alkaline Environments in India

Genotype × environment (G × E) interaction effects are of special interest for identifying the most suitable genotypes with respect to target environments, representative locations and other specific stresses. Twenty-two advanced breeding lines contributed by the national partners of the Salinity Tolerance Breeding Network (STBN) along with four checks were evaluated across 12 different salt affected sites comprising five coastal saline and seven alkaline environments in India. The study was conducted to assess the G × E interaction and stability of advanced breeding lines for yield and yield components using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. In the AMMI1 biplot, there were two mega-environments (ME) includes ME-A as CARI, KARAIKAL, TRICHY and NDUAT with winning genotype CSR 2K 262; and ME-B as KARSO, LUCKN, KARSA, GOA, CRRI, DRR, BIHAR and PANVE with winning genotypes CSR 36. Genotypes CSR 2K 262, CSR 27, NDRK 11-4, NDRK 11-3, NDRK 11-2, CSR 2K 255 and PNL 1-1-1-6-7-1 were identified as specifically adapted to favorable locations. The stability and adaptability of AMMI indicated that the best yielding genotypes were CSR 2K 262 for both coastal saline and alkaline environments and CSR 36 for alkaline environment. CARI and PANVEL were found as the most discernible environments for genotypic performance because of the greatest GE interaction. The genotype CSR 36 is specifically adapted to coastal saline environments GOA, KARSO, DRR, CRRI and BIHAR and while genotype CSR 2K 262 adapted to alkaline environments LUCKN, NDUAT, TRICH and KARAI. Use of most adapted lines could be used directly as varieties. Using them as donors for wide or specific adaptability with selection in the target environment offers the best opportunity for widening the genetic base of coastal salinity and alkalinity stress tolerance and development of adapted genotypes. Highly stable genotypes can improve the rice productivity in salt-affected areas and ensure livelihood of the resource poor farming communities

Folic Acid and Protein Content in Maternal Diet and Postnatal High-Fat Feeding Affect the Tissue Levels of Iron, Zinc, and Copper in the Rat

Although maternal, fetal, and placental mechanisms compensate for disturbances in the fetal environment, any nutritional inadequacies present during pregnancy may affect fetal metabolism, and their consequences may appear in later life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of maternal diet during gestation on Fe, Zn, and Cu levels in the livers and kidneys of adult rats. The study was carried out on the offspring (n = 48) of mothers fed either a protein-balanced or a protein-restricted diet (18% vs. 9% casein) during pregnancy, with or without folic acid supplementation (0.005- vs. 0.002-g folic acid/kg diet). At 10 weeks of age, the offspring of each maternal group were randomly assigned to groups fed either the AIN-93G diet or a high-fat diet for 6 weeks, until the end of the experiment. The levels of Fe, Zn, and Cu in the livers and kidneys were determined by the F-AAS method. It was found that postnatal exposure to the high-fat diet was associated with increased hepatic Fe levels (p < 0.001), and with decreased liver Zn and Cu contents (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), as well as with decreased renal Cu contents (p < 0.001). Moreover, the offspring’s tissue mineral levels were also affected by protein and folic acid content in the maternal diet. Both prenatal protein restriction and folic acid supplementation increased the liver Zn content (p < 0.05) and the kidney Zn content (p < 0.001; p < 0.05, respectively), while folic acid supplementation resulted in a reduction in renal Cu level (p < 0.05). Summarizing, the results of this study show that maternal dietary folic acid and protein intake during pregnancy, as well as the type of postweaning diet, affect Fe, Zn, and Cu levels in the offspring of the rat. However, the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are unclear, and warrant further investigation

Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders: an update

Many trace elements, among which metals, are indispensable for proper functioning of a myriad of biochemical reactions, more particularly as enzyme cofactors. This is particularly true for the vast set of processes involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis, being it in glucose metabolism itself or in hormonal control, especially insulin. The role and importance of trace elements such as chromium, zinc, selenium, lithium and vanadium are much less evident and subjected to chronic debate. This review updates our actual knowledge concerning these five trace elements. A careful survey of the literature shows that while theoretical postulates from some key roles of these elements had led to real hopes for therapy of insulin resistance and diabetes, the limited experience based on available data indicates that beneficial effects and use of most of them are subjected to caution, given the narrow window between safe and unsafe doses. Clear therapeutic benefit in these pathologies is presently doubtful but some data indicate that these metals may have a clinical interest in patients presenting deficiencies in individual metal levels. The same holds true for an association of some trace elements such as chromium or zinc with oral antidiabetics. However, this area is essentially unexplored in adequate clinical trials, which are worth being performed