Theory of PbTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3 Surfaces

First-principles total-energy calculations are carried out for (001) surfaces of the cubic perovskite ATiO3 compounds PbTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3. Both AO-terminated and TiO2-terminated surfaces are considered, and fully-relaxed atomic configurations are determined. In general, BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 are found to have a rather similar behavior, while PbTiO3 is different in many respects because of the partially covalent character of the Pb-O bonds. PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 are ferroelectrics, and the influence of the surface upon the ferroelectric distortions is studied for the case of a tetragonal ferroelectric distortion parallel to the surface. The surface relaxation energies are found to be substantial, i.e., many times larger than the bulk ferroelectric well depth. Nevertheless, the influence of the surface upon the ferroelectric order parameter is modest, and is qualitatively as well as quantitatively different for the two materials. Surface energies and electronic properties are also computed. It is found that for BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 surfaces, both AO-terminated and TiO2-terminated surfaces can be thermodynamically stable, whereas for PbTiO3 only the PbO surface termination is stable.Comment: 13 pages with 3 postscript figures embedded. Uses REVTEX and epsf macros. Also available at http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~dhv/preprints/index.html#bm_pbsur

New Geometric Algorithms for Fully Connected Staged Self-Assembly

We consider staged self-assembly systems, in which square-shaped tiles can be added to bins in several stages. Within these bins, the tiles may connect to each other, depending on the glue types of their edges. Previous work by Demaine et al. showed that a relatively small number of tile types suffices to produce arbitrary shapes in this model. However, these constructions were only based on a spanning tree of the geometric shape, so they did not produce full connectivity of the underlying grid graph in the case of shapes with holes; designing fully connected assemblies with a polylogarithmic number of stages was left as a major open problem. We resolve this challenge by presenting new systems for staged assembly that produce fully connected polyominoes in O(log^2 n) stages, for various scale factors and temperature {\tau} = 2 as well as {\tau} = 1. Our constructions work even for shapes with holes and uses only a constant number of glues and tiles. Moreover, the underlying approach is more geometric in nature, implying that it promised to be more feasible for shapes with compact geometric description.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures; full version of conference paper in DNA2

An approach to the multidimensional assessment of food security and environmental sustainability: a vulnerability framework for the Mediterranean region

Poster presented at First International Conference on Global Food Security. Noordwijkerhout (The Netherlands), 29 Sep - 2 Oct 201

Multidimensional assessment of food security and environmental sustainability: a vulnerability framework for the Mediterranean Region [Poster]

Poster presented at Tropentag 2013. International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development. "Agricultural development within the rural-urban continuum". Stuttgart-Hohenheim (Germany), Sep 17-19 2013

An approach to the multidimensional assessment of food security and environmental sustainability: a vulnerability framework for the Mediterranean region

Poster presented at First International Conference on Global Food Security. Noordwijkerhout (The Netherlands), 29 Sep - 2 Oct 201

How Much Water Do Households Require?

What is the basic water requirement per month of a Philippine household consisting of six members? This study provides an estimate based on various household activities dovetailed to local practices and situation which may serve as a valuable input in water sector planning, water supply allocation, and water pricing determination.water sector, water demand

The very faint hard state of the persistent neutron star X-ray binary SLX 1737-282 near the Galactic centre

We report on a detailed study of the spectral and temporal properties of the neutron star low mass X-ray binary SLX 1737-282, which is located only ~1degr away from Sgr A. The system is expected to have a short orbital period, even within the ultra-compact regime, given its persistent nature at low X-ray luminosities and the long duration thermonuclear burst that it has displayed. We have analysed a Suzaku (18 ks) observation and an XMM-Newton (39 ks) observation taken 7 years apart. We infer (0.5-10 keV) X-ray luminosities in the range 3-6 x10^35erg s-1, in agreement with previous findings. The spectra are well described by a relatively cool (kTbb = 0.5 keV) black body component plus a Comptonized emission component with {\Gamma} ~1.5-1.7. These values are consistent with the source being in a faint hard state, as confirmed by the ~ 20 per cent fractional root mean square amplitude of the fast variability (0.1 - 7 Hz) inferred from the XMM-Newton data. The electron temperature of the corona is >7 keV for the Suzaku observation, but it is measured to be as low as ~2 keV in the XMM-Newton data at higher flux. The latter is significantly lower than expected for systems in the hard state. We searched for X-ray pulsations and imposed an upper limit to their semi-amplitude of 2 per cent (0.001 - 7 Hz). Finally, we investigated the origin of the low frequency variability emission present in the XMM-Newton data and ruled out an absorption dip origin. This constraint the orbital inclination of the system to 65 degr unless the orbital period is longer than 11 hr (i.e. the length of the XMM-Newton observation).Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRA

South–South student mobility: International students from Portuguese-speaking Africa in Brazil

As a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon, student mobility involves diverse actors, interests and rationalities. With the globalization of education, universities and other higher education providers have implemented strategies to recruit and attract international students, not least to increase their revenues and levels of internationalization (Findlay et al. 2017). Likewise, destination countries have acknowledged the advantages of hosting international students: financial benefits, an increase in the skilled worker pool and improvements in diplomatic relations (Riaño et al. 2018). Origin countries meanwhile identify student mobility as a means through which talented individuals can become qualified via moving to countries with well-developed higher education system (Findlay 2010). And students themselves, and their families, recognize the potential impact of an international diploma on employability, making them instrumental in establishing educational mobility imperatives at tertiary level (Alberts and Hazen 2005; Holloway et al. 2012).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Portuguese migrations to South America after world war II: Extending citizenship abroad

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio