ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Austenite Formation in the Oxidized Layer of Ultra-High-Strength 13Ni15Co10Mo Maraging Steel

Maraging steels are precipitation hardening alloys that can achieve an ultra-high yield strength (~3 GPa), however associated with low toughness. During exposure to high temperatures, an oxidation process occurs on the surface of these steels, generally, the oxides formed are hematite and/or magnetite. The aim of this study was to investigate oxidation on a maraging 13Ni15Co10Mo at annealing temperature of 900 °C. The bulk microstructure was investigated by several complementary techniques and the oxidized surface was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the bulk microstructure, at annealed condition, consists of a lath martensite with a hardness of round 400 HV. The most external and oxidized surface contains the oxides hematite, magnetite and kamiokite. Finally, the presence of austenite was detected in the first 2 μm below the surface. Chemical microanalysis indicated that the austenite is stable at room temperature in this region due a composition gradient that makes this region rich in nickel and cobalt. The composition gradient is due atom diffusion during oxides formation. Austenite near to the surface is very convenient as it could avoid crack initiation and propagation, improving toughness

Austenite Formation in the Oxidized Layer of Ultra-High-Strength 13Ni15Co10Mo Maraging Steel

Maraging steels are precipitation hardening alloys that can achieve an ultra-high yield strength (~3 GPa), however associated with low toughness. During exposure to high temperatures, an oxidation process occurs on the surface of these steels, generally, the oxides formed are hematite and/or magnetite. The aim of this study was to investigate oxidation on a maraging 13Ni15Co10Mo at annealing temperature of 900 °C. The bulk microstructure was investigated by several complementary techniques and the oxidized surface was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the bulk microstructure, at annealed condition, consists of a lath martensite with a hardness of round 400 HV. The most external and oxidized surface contains the oxides hematite, magnetite and kamiokite. Finally, the presence of austenite was detected in the first 2 μm below the surface. Chemical microanalysis indicated that the austenite is stable at room temperature in this region due a composition gradient that makes this region rich in nickel and cobalt. The composition gradient is due atom diffusion during oxides formation. Austenite near to the surface is very convenient as it could avoid crack initiation and propagation, improving toughness

Thermoluminescence and optical absorption properties of glass from natural diopside and of synthetic diopside glass

Glasses based on natural mineral diopside and synthetic glasses starting from Oxides of magnesium, calcium and silicon, and some of these glasses doped with 0.1, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% of Ag, have been produced for the study of their thermoluminescence and optical absorption properties. A marked different behavior is observed in various glasses, including glass with silver nanoparticles. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.FAPESPCAPESUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Rua Matao,Travessa R 187, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Dept Engn Met & Mat, Escola Politecn, Av Prof Melo Moraes 2463, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, Rua Doutor Carvalho de Mendonca 144, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Natl San Agustin, Escuela Profes Fis, Fac Ciencias Nat & Formales, Av Independencia S-N, Arequipa, PeruUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, Rua Doutor Carvalho de Mendonca 144, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2014/ 03085-0CAPES: BEX-9612130Web of Scienc

Medium carbon steel deep drawing: A study on the evolution of mechanical properties, texture and simulations, from cold rolling to the end product

Medium carbon steels are mostly used for simple applications; nevertheless new applications have been developed for which good sheet formability is required. This class of steels has an inherent low formability. A medium carbon hot rolled SAE 1050 steel has been selected for this study. It has been cold rolled with reductions in the 7-80% range. Samples have been used to assess the cold work hardening curve. For samples with a 50 and 80% thickness reduction, an annealing heat treatment has been performed to obtain recrystallization. The material has been characterized in the ""as received"", cold rolled and annealed conditions, using several methods: optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (texture), Vickers hardness and tensile testing. The 50% cold rolled and recrystallized material has been further studied in terms of sheet metal formability and texture evolution during the actual stamping of a steel toecap that has been used to validate the finite element simulations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Imagem da enfermeira: revisão da literatura

A imagem que a sociedade constrói da enfermeira é permeada por estereótipos que incluem figuras como santas, prostitutas, feiticeiras, heroínas e se relacionam à função de auxiliar do médico e à falta de vida social. Além disso, a imagem que as enfermeiras têm de si próprias e de seu trabalho é negativa, ocasionando frustração pela falta de autonomia encontrada na realidade profissional. Para uma melhor compreensão desse problema, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, que teve como objetivo caracterizar e analisar a imagem da enfermeira. Considera-se pequena a produção científica sobre o tema no país. Conclui-se que os estereótipos da imagem influenciam negativamente sua prática e que na história da Enfermagem se encontram muitas das razões para as distorções existentes.The society’s image about the nurses is permeated of stereotypes that include figures like saints, prostitutes, witches, heroines and are related to the function of assisting doctors and to a lack of social life. Moreover, the image that the nurses have of themselves and of their work is negative, causing frustration for the lack of autonomy found on the professional reality. Seeking for a better understanding of this problem, a literature review was proceeded, aiming to characterize and analyze the nurse’s image. The national scientific production is considered small on the subject. Conclusions indicate that stereotypes negatively influence nursing practice and that in Nursing history it is found many reasons for the existing distortionsLa imagen que la sociedad tiene sobre las enfermeras se impregna de estereotipos que incluyen figuras como santas, prostitutas, brujas, heroínas y se relacionan con la función de asistir a doctores y con una carencia de vida social. La imagen que las enfermeras tienen de sí mismas y de su trabajo es negativa, causando frustración debido a carencia de autonomía encontrada en la realidad profesional. Para una comprensión mejor do problema, fue hecha una revisión bibliográfica, que tenía como objetivo caracterizar y analizar la imagen de la enfermera. La producción científica é pequeña en el tema, en el país. Las conclusiones son que los estereotipos influencian negativamente su práctica y que en la historia del oficio están encontrado muchas de las razones de las distorsiones existentes