Self‐esteem and socialisation in social networks as determinants in adolescents' eating disorders

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGEating disorders are mental health illnesses that are influenced by various individual, family and social factors. The present study aimed to examine the influence of self- esteem and socialisation through social networks on eating disorder behaviours in ado-lescence. The sample was made up of 721 secondary school students (49.1% girls). The sample age ranged between 12 and 18 years (M= 13.89, SD =1.37). Participants com-pleted the Eating Attitudes Test- 26 (EAT- 26) to measure disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, the Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale and the ESOC- 39 scale, which measures socialisation through social networks, in addition to a brief initial sociodemographic sur-vey. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out with MANOVA. Low self- esteem was shown to increase behaviours linked to eating disorders globally. Likewise, high socialisation through social networks was also associated with a general increase in eating disorders during adolescence. The findings of the study provide empirical sup-port for the need to develop prevention strategies that address the improvement in self- esteem and adequate socialisation through social networks during adolescence. The development of effective interventions along these lines could be helpful to treat the behaviours and attitudes that are observed in eating disorders

Small Synthetic Hyaluronan Disaccharide BIS014 Mitigates Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Supplementary data Supplementary data related to this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.014.Neuropathic pain (NP) is a challenging condition to treat, as the need for new drugs to treat NP is an unmet goal. We investigated the analgesic potential of a new sulfated disaccharide compound, named BIS014. Oral administration (p.o.) of this compound induced ameliorative effects in formalin-induced nociception and capsaicin-induced secondary mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, but also after partial sciatic nerve transection (spared nerve injury), chemotherapy (paclitaxel)-induced NP, and diabetic neuropathy induced by streptozotocin. Importantly, BIS014, at doses active on neuropathic hypersensitivity (60 mg/kg/p.o.), did not alter exploratory activity or motor coordination (in the rotarod test), unlike a standard dose of gabapentin (40 mg/kg/p.o.) which although inducing antiallodynic effects on the NP models, it also markedly decreased exploration and motor coordination. In docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies, BIS014 interacted with TRPV1, a receptor involved in pain transmission where it behaved as a partial agonist. Additionally, similar to capsaicin, BIS014 increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) in neuroblastoma cells expressing TRPV1 receptors; these elevations were blocked by ruthenium red. BIS014 did not block capsaicin-elicited [Ca2+]c transients, but inhibited the increase in the firing rate of action potentials in bradykinin-sensitized dorsal root ganglion neurons stimulated with capsaicin. Perspective: We report that the oral administration of a new sulfated disaccharide compound, named BIS014, decreases neuropathic pain from diverse etiology in mice. Unlike the comparator gabapentin, BIS014 does not induce sedation. Thus, BIS014 has the potential to become a new efficacious non-sedative oral medication for the treatment of neuropathic pain.Laboratorios Bioibérica (Barcelona)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM

Application of anammox-based processes in urban WWTPs: are we on the right track?

The application of partial nitritation and anammox processes (PN/A) to remove nitrogen can improve the energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as diminish their operational costs. However, there are still several limitations that are preventing the widespread application of PN/A processes in urban WWTPs such as: (a) the loss of performance stability of the PN/A units operated at the sludge line, when the sludge is thermally pretreated to increase biogas production; (b) the proliferation of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the mainstream; and (c) the maintenance of a suitable effluent quality in the mainstream. In this work, different operational strategies to overcome these limitations were modelled and analyzed. In WWTPs whose sludge is thermically hydrolyzed, the implementation of an anerobic treatment before the PN/A unit is the best alternative, from an economic point of view, to maintain the stable performance of this unit. In order to apply the PN/A process in the mainstream, the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) should be promoted in the sludge line by supplying extra sludge to the anaerobic digesters. The AOB generated would be applied to the water line to partially oxidize ammonia, and the anammox process would then be carried out. Excess nitrate generated by anammox bacteria and/or NOB can be removed by recycling a fraction of the WWTP effluent to the biological reactor to promote its denitrificationThis research was funded by the Chilean Government through the Projects ANID/FONDECYT/1200850 and CRHIAM Centre grant number ANID/FONDAP/15130015. FCC Aqualia, S.A. as coordinator of the LIFE ZERO WASTE WATER consortium would like to thank the European Commission for its support through LIFE financial instrument LIFE19ENV/ES/000631S

Pérdida de importancia del centro de trabajo e incidencia sobre el inicio de la jornada: Comentario a la Sentencia de la Audiencia Nacional 127/2019, de 31 de octubre

De conformidad con cuanto establece el artículo 34.5 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET), «el tiempo de trabajo se computará de modo que tanto al comienzo como al final de la jornada diaria el trabajador se encuentre en su puesto de trabajo». Lo escueto de la previsión legal, con la referencia al elemento locativo dado por el puesto de trabajo, deja en el aire numerosos supuestos en los cuales, o bien puede existir tiempo de trabajo sin la estricta presencia en puesto alguno dentro de la entidad, o bien desaparecer o difuminarse la importancia del centro de trabajo en favor de lugares variables y más o menos itinerantes para el desarrollo de la prestación de servicios.De conformidad con cuanto establece el artículo 34.5 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET), «el tiempo de trabajo se computará de modo que tanto al comienzo como al final de la jornada diaria el trabajador se encuentre en su puesto de trabajo». Lo escueto de la previsión legal, con la referencia al elemento locativo dado por el puesto de trabajo, deja en el aire numerosos supuestos en los cuales, o bien puede existir tiempo de trabajo sin la estricta presencia en puesto alguno dentro de la entidad, o bien desaparecer o difuminarse la importancia del centro de trabajo en favor de lugares variables y más o menos itinerantes para el desarrollo de la prestación de servicios

La reducción de jornada anual en un sector de nueva creación. Ni aplicación del convenio, ni condición más beneficiosa: falta de acción. Comentario a la sentencia de la Audiencia Nacional, Sala de lo Social, 128/2019, de 31 de octubre

Un conflicto colectivo de enjundia, como el derivado de la operatividad de una condición más beneficiosa en materia de jornada anual en supuestos de sucesión de, obediente a la aparición de un nuevo sector nacional por mor de la especialización técnico-productiva, encuentra respuesta judicial de remisión a su sede apropiada al apreciar la excepción de falta de jurisdicción, de límites tan polémicos como su propia aplicación en el caso concret

Influencia de variables personales y familiares en los trastornos de conducta alimentaria

Fundamentos: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se inician normalmente durante la pubertad y la adolescencia, momento en el que se debe prestar atención a los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las actitudes hacia la alimentación y el riesgo de padecer TCA, teniendo en cuenta las variables personales y familiares en una población de estudiantes de educación secundaria. Métodos: Participaron un total de 790 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) matriculados en el curso 2019/2020 en institutos de la comunidad autónoma de Galicia, de los cuales 410 eran varones y 380 mujeres (M=13,84; DT=1,37). En este estudio descriptivo-transversal los TCA fueron valorados mediante el Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) de Garner, en la versión adaptada a sujetos españoles. El tratamiento estadístico de los datos se desarrolló mediante un análisis multivariado de varianza (MANOVA), que se plasmó a través de análisis de frecuencias y tablas de contingencia. Resultados: Atendiendo a las variables personales analizadas, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de los trastornos de conducta alimentaria en el género de los adolescentes (p>0,05), pero sí en la edad (p0.05), but there were significant differences in age (p<0.001), school year (p<0.001) and use of social networks (p<0.05). Similarly, the data do showed significant differences in eating disorders according to the level of studies of the families (p<0.01) and their family relationship (p<0.001). Conclusions: The results obtained in this research confirm an influence of personal and family variables in attitudes associated with EDs. Further investigation of these variables may facilitate better intervention, as well as improve the design of preventive strategies.Universidade de Vig

Autoestima en estudiantes españoles de secundaria: dimensiones e influencia de variables personales y educativas

El interés de la autoestima durante la adolescencia es fundamental, ya que promover una autoestima positiva y reducir el impacto de la autoestima negativa, posibilita el desarrollo óptimo de gran parte de las experiencias escolares, personales y de bienestar general. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la Escala de Autoestima (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) en estudiantes españoles y comprobar si el género, la edad, el curso académico y el tipo de centro son determinantes para su desarrollo. Participaron un total de 698 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) que se agruparon en dos muestras aleatorias (muestra 1: 364 alumnos, M=12.57; DT= .49 y muestra 2: 334 alumnos, M=14.62; DT= .48). Los resultados identificaron una estructura factorial de dos factores (autoestima positiva y autoestima negativa) (χ2/gl= 2.938; CFI= .948; NNFI= .924; SRMR = .045; RMSEA= .075), con una consistencia interna elevada (α = .853). Asimismo, los análisis de multivarianza mostraron que los adolescentes presentan una mayor autoestima positiva si son de género masculino, cursan primero, segundo o tercero de ESO y estudian en centros concertados, mientras que exhiben una alta autoestima negativa los adolescentes de género masculino que cursan primero de ESO con edades inferiores a los 13 años. La escala Rosenberg ha demostrado tener propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para ser utilizada en estudiantes de educación secundaria de España

Effect of the Hopper Angle of a Silo on the Vertical Stress at the Cylinder-to-Hopper Transition

[EN] Silos are used worldwide to store granular and powdered materials. Agricultural, food and feed products are commonly stored in silos. However, many questions remain unanswered about how to estimate the pressures applied by the bulk material, which are needed to design and calculate the structure of the silo. The complexity of the laws that govern the mechanical behavior of the stored material along with the low number of experimental stations in the world hinder progress in this field. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship of the hopper angle, flow pattern and vertical stress at the cylinder-to-hopper transition in slender silos. Therefore, a set of experiments was conducted on a test station to measure the vertical stress produced by maize at the cylinder-to-hopper transition. Five different hopper angles were used. The experiments comprised the filling, the static phase and the discharge. The results obtained show that the hopper angle influences the vertical stress at the cylinder-to-hopper transition. Some bottom configurations (flat bottom and bottom with an angle of 30◦) led to vertical stresses that exceeded the value calculated according to Eurocode 1. It is clear that further experimental studies are still necessary to understand the underlying physical phenomena and the relations between pressures, silo geometry and flow pattern of the stored material

Nitrite oxidizing bacteria suppression based on in-situ free nitrous acid production at mainstream conditions

"This is the accepted manuscript of the following article: Pedrouso A., Val del Río Á., Morales N., Vázquez-Padín J. R., Campos J. L., Méndez R. and Mosquera-Corral A. (2017). Nitrite oxidizing bacteria suppression based on in-situ free nitrous acid production at mainstream conditions. Separation and Purification Technology 186, 55-62, which has been published in final form at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.05.043. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Elsevier."The application of autotrophic nitrogen removal processes in the main line of wastewater treatment plants will contribute to achieve its self-energy-sufficiency. However, the effective suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity at the conditions of low temperature and low ammonium concentration (mainstream conditions) was identified as one of the main bottlenecks. In this study, stable partial nitritation at 16 °C and 50 mg NH4+-N/L was achieved maintaining inside the reactor free nitrous acid (FNA) concentrations inhibitory for NOB (>0.02 mg HNO2-N/L), without dissolved oxygen concentration control. The FNA inhibitory concentration was generated by the partial nitritation process, and its stimulation was studied with two different inhibitors: sodium azide and nitrite. The microbiological analysis revealed that, throughout the operational period with inhibitory FNA levels, the NOB populations (dominated by Nitrospira) were effectively washed out from the reactor. This is an advantage that allowed maintaining a good stability of the process, even when the FNA concentration was not enough to inhibit the NOB, taking about 40 days to develop significant activity. The observed delay on the NOB development is expected to enable the establishment of corrective actions to avoid the partial nitritation destabilization. The use of the FNA to achieve a stable partial nitritation process is recommended to profit from the natural pH decrease associated to the nitritation process and from its favoured accumulation at low temperatures as those from the mainstream. In this research study an analysis about the influence of ammonium and alkalinity concentrations was also performed to know in which scenarios the FNA inhibitory concentration can be achievedAuthors want to thank the Pioneer_STP (ID 199) project funded by the WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call (Water JPI/Horizon 2020). This work was also funded by the Spanish Government through FISHPOL (CTQ2014-55021-R) and GRANDSEA (CTM2014-55397-JIN). The authors from the USC belong to CRETUS (AGRUP2015/02) and the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC 2013-032). All these programs are co-funded by FEDER funds. This work was as well funded by the Chilean Government through the Project FONDECYT 1150285 and CONICYT/FONDAP/15130015S

Treatment of the Supernatant of Anaerobically Digested Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste in a Demo-Scale Mesophilic External Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor

Conventional aerobic biological treatments of digested organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) slurries–usually conventional activated sludge or aerobic membrane bioreactor (AeMBR)–are inefficient in terms of energy and economically costly because of the high aeration requirements and the high amount of produced sludge. In this study, the supernatant obtained after the anaerobic digestion of OFMSW was treated in a mesophilic demo-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) at cross flow velocities (CFVs) between 1 and 3.5 m⋅s–1. The aim was to determine the process performance of the system with an external ultrafiltration unit, in terms of organic matter removal and sludge filterability. In previous anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) tests, without ultrafiltration, specific gas production between 40 and 83 NL CH4⋅kg–1 chemical oxygen demand (COD) fed and removals in the range of 10–20% total COD (tCOD) or 59–77% soluble COD (sCOD) were obtained, for organic loading rates (OLR) between 1.7 and 4.4 kg COD⋅m–3reactor d–1. Data helped to identify a simplified model with the aim of understanding and expressing the process performance. Methane content in biogas was in the range of 74–77% v:v. In the AnMBR configuration, the COD removal has been in the ranges of 15.6–38.5 and 61.3–70.4% for total and sCOD, respectively, with a positive correlation between solids retention time (SRT, ranging from 7.3 to 24.3 days) and tCOD removal. The constant used in the model expressing inhibition, attributable to the high nitrogen content (3.6 ± 1.0 g N-NH4+⋅L–1), indicated that this inhibition decreased when SRT increased, explaining values measured for volatile fatty acids concentration, which decreased when SRT increased and OLR, measured per unit of volatile suspended solids in the reactor, decreased. The alkalinity was high enough to allow a stable process throughout the experiments. Constant CFV operation resulted in excessive fouling and sudden trans-membrane pressure (TMP) increases. Nevertheless, an ultrafiltration regime based on alternation of CFV (20 min with a certain CFVi and then 5 min at CFVi + 1 m⋅s–1) allowed the membranes to filter at a flux (standardized at 20°C temperature) ranging from 2.8 to 7.3 L⋅m–2⋅h–1, over 331 days of operation, even at very high suspended solids concentrations (>30 g total suspended solids⋅L–1) in the reactor sludge. This flux range confirms that fouling is the main issue that can limit the spread of AnMBR potential for the studied stream. No clear correlation was found between CFV or SRT vs. fouling rate, in terms of either TMP⋅time–1 or permeability⋅time–1. As part of the demo-scale study, other operational limitations were observed: irreversible fouling, scaling (in the form of struvite deposition), ragging, and sludging. Because ragging and sludging were also observed in the existing AeMBR, it can be stated that both are attributable to the stream and to the difficulty of removing existing fibers. All the mentioned phenomena could have contributed to the high data dispersion of experimental results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio