La educación como práctica para la libertad en mujeres de Tumaco y los llanos orientales

El presente proyecto se inscribe en la línea investigativa “Estudios socioculturales de la educación para la paz, la comunidad y el posconflicto” se busca detectar las claves para contribuir a la formación de la ciudadanía para la paz, no solamente por aportar al conocimiento científico desde el enfoque epistemológico de los “dispositivos” o del papel de las “emociones en condiciones de riesgo para el logro de la paz”, sino que pretende alimentar el saber obtenido en una cátedra de formación a la ciudadanía para la paz en los estudiantes universitarios. Esto proveniente de una catedra en curso de realización sobre la reincorporación de los excombatientes firmantes de la paz. Este proyecto pretende mostrar la realidad del proceso de las actoras y comprender como, a través de sus historias, logran mayor libertad y consciencia. Este proyecto está orientado a comprender y analizar la importancia de la educación como expresión de libertad. La manera como se educa una sociedad permite una reflexión crítica sobre las condiciones sociales de opresión y sobre la realidad del mundo que nos rodea, ya que todo quehacer educativo es siempre un quehacer político. Se trata, entonces, de una lucha incesante en favor de la democratización de la sociedad. Analizar la experiencia educativa de los sujetos de nuestro estudio en su contexto, constituye una propuesta que permite abrir el espacio a una conciencia crítica para combatir todo tipo de violencia contra las mujeres. Entender sus procesos educativos para conocer sus historias de vida, implica entender y comprender al otro, la inclusión del otro como algo fundamental en toda relación humana.Universidad Libre -- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación -- Español y Lenguas Extranjera

Influence of phytoplankton diets on the ingestion rate and egg production of Acartia clausi and A. lilljeborgii (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California

Different phytoplankton diets were tested on Acartia clausi and A. lilljeborgii from Bahía de La Paz to determine their effect on survival, egg production, and ingestion rate. Female copepods were fed diatom strains (Chaetoceros sp., Cylindrotheca closterium, Odontella longicruris, and Dytilum brightwelli), dinoflagellate strains (Scrippsiella sp., Gyrodinium sp., Prorocentrum micans, and P. rhathymum), and one Raphidophyceae (Chattonella sp.). After 24 h of incubation in darkness at 24 °C, survival with various phytoplankton diets was above 91%. Gyrodinium sp. produced the lowest survival in both copepod species (44.5% in A. clausi and 89.6% in A. lilljeborgii). Dinoflagellate diets provided the highest egg production. A. clausi had higher egg production when fed with P. rhathymum, P. micans, Gyrodinium sp., Scrippsiella sp., and Chattonella sp. A. lilljeborgii had a higher egg production with Scrippsiella sp., P. micans, Gyrodinium sp., and Chaetoceros sp. Ingestion rates were higher in both Acartia species with two diatom diets (O. longicruris and Chaetoceros sp.), P. rhathymum and Chattonella sp. These results suggest that both Acartia species respond to nutritional quality of phytoplankton in a short time. Higher ingestion rates did not necessarily result in higher egg production, suggesting that the link between ingestion and egg production may be in what is eaten, rather than in how much. The response in egg production seems to be species specific, but in general was higher with dinoflagellate diets, suggesting a higher food quality compared with diatoms (excepting Chaetoceros sp.)

Isolation and characterization of mercury resistant trichoderma strains from soil with high levels of mercury and its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana mercury uptake

"Traditional mining activities are usually correlated with high levels of soil pollution, which is a major environmental concern. Extensive mining activities have taken place in the San Joaquin region in the State of Querétaro, México resulting in high levels of mercury soil pollution (up to 1532 ± 300 mg/kg). We isolated mercury-resistant fungal strains from the San Joaquin region soils and identified them through morphologic characteristics and ITS rDNA region sequence analysis. We determined that fungi isolated belong to the genus Trichoderma. All the isolates selected showed the ability to catalyze the volatilization of Hg. For air sampling, an active sampling device was constructed and using acid KMnO4 as an absorbent, the concentration of mercury in solution was determined through the cold vapor atomic absorption method. The results show mercury volatilization from the fungal species assay, with a maximum of 213.04 ± 32.6 µg/m3 while mycelium accumulation ranged from less than 17.5 ± 2.9 to 20.0 ± 3.4 µg/g. The fungal isolates were also evaluated for their ability to reduce mercury uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. These observations suggest the utility of Trichoderma for the mobilization of mercury in those contaminated soils.

Zaluzania montagnifolia: essential oil composition and biological properties

The chemical composition of the seasonal essential oils (2015-2016) from the leaves and flowers of Zaluzania montagnifolia is presented. The chemical content of those oils showed quantitative and qualitative differences. Germacrene D (19.9-29.8%), camphor (12.4- 19.4%) and β-caryophyllene (13.7-18.5%) were the most abundant volatiles in the leaves. The essential oils from the flowers contained high amounts of camphor (32.7-37.2%) limonene (19.8-24.9%) and germacrene D (3.2-7.3%). All the seasonal essential oils showed a potent in vitro inhibition against HMG-CoA reductase. The essential oils from flowers (IC50, 40.5-55.1 μg mL-1) showed better inhibition properties than those of leaves (IC50, 84.4-123.5 μg mL-1). Camphor (IC50, 72.5 μg mL-1) and borneol (IC50, 84.4 μg mL-1) exerted a non-competitive inhibition on the enzyme. Additionally, the hydrodistillates exhibited antibacterial activity against the phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci TBR2004 (MIC, 62.7-76.5 μg mL-1) P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (MIC, 45.4-50.4 μg mL-1) and P. syringae pv.phaseolicola NPS3121 (MIC, 26.7-31.9 μg mL-1). Germacrene D (MIC, 35.4-66.2 μg mL-1) and β-caryophyllene (MIC, 36.5-54.2 μg mL-1) were the strongest anti-Pseudomonas syringae agents

Pastoreo del mesozooplancton sobre el fitoplancton en la Bahía de La Paz, B. C. S., México

During October 2002 a time series was generated to measure the daily grazing rates of mesozooplankton, it was recorded the changes of the chlorophyll a concentration at a station in La Paz Bay, Mexico. The grazing coefficient (g), phytoplankton growth coefficient (k), clearance rate (F), and ingestion rate (I) were estimated as initial reference for the study area. Grazing rates presented values ranging from 0.72-1 to 2.74 ind·d-1; phytoplankton growth coefficient ranked from 0.03 to 0.76 d-1 Clearance rate was from 11.9 to 45.6 ml·ind-1·d-1, and the ingestion rate fluctuated from 5.2 to 18.4 Cla·ind-1·d-1. The mesozooplankton was capable of remove 1.0 to 43 % of potential daily production. The ingestion and clearance rates had similar daily variation pattern along the study; phytoplankton growth coefficient values were lower than grazing rate. The results showed that mesozooplankton might consume about 17% of phytoplankton production in this coastal area. This assessment on mesozooplankton feeding at La Paz Bay is a step to a better understanding of the plankton dynamic in this subtropical area.Durante octubre de 2002 se generó una serie de tiempo para medir la tasa de alimentación diaria del mesozooplancton, estudiando los cambios de la concentración de clorofila a en una estación en la Bahía de La Paz, México. El coeficiente de consumo o tasa de pastoreo (g), el coeficiente de crecimiento de fitoplancton (k), la tasa de aclaramiento del agua (F) y la tasa de ingesta (I) fueron estimados como una referencia inicial para el área de estudio. La tasa de pastoreo tuvo valores entre 0.72-1 y 2.74 ind·d-1; mientras que el coeficiente de crecimiento del fitoplancton fue de 0.03 a 0.76 d-1. La tasa de aclaramiento de agua se determinó entre 11.9 y 45.6 ml·ind-1·d-1 y la tasa de ingesta entre 5.2 y 18.4 Cla·ind-1·d-1. El mesozooplancton pudo remover del 1.0 al 43 % de la producción potencial diaria. Las tasas de aclaramiento y de ingesta tuvieron una variación diaria similar a lo largo del estudio; el coeficiente de crecimiento día a día, fue menor al de pastoreo a lo largo del estudio. Los resultados mostraron que el mesozooplancton puede consumir alrededor del 17% de la producción diaria de fitoplancton en la zona estudiada. Esta primera aproximación sobre la alimentación del mesozooplancton en la bahía de La Paz, permite una mayor comprensión de la dinámica planctónica en esta área subtropical

Distribución espacial y evaluación de la contaminación ambiental por mercurio en la región de la Mojana, Colombia

Objetivo. Se evaluó la distribución de mercurio total (HgT) en sedimentos superficiales, peces, cabello, plantas de arroz y macrofitas, como también el índice de geoacumulación por HgT en sedimentos y el potencial de riesgo por consumo de pescado en diferentes municipios afectados por actividades de minería aurífera que se han desarrollado alrededor en la región de la Mojana, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. La concentración de HgT se determinó mediante descomposición térmica, utilizando un analizador directo de mercurio DMA-80. Resultados. En promedio, las concentraciones de HgT en peces fueron 0.223 ±  0.027 μg/g. Del total de las muestras, 11.6% de peces sobrepasaron el límite permisible establecido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (0.5 μg/g), siendo 4.2% para especies no carnívoras y 7.4% para especies carnívoras. De las especies ícticas, 76.9% presentan valores de índice de riesgo (HI) superiores a 1. El Índice de Geoacumulación (Igeo) en sedimentos, presenta grado de contaminación de no-contaminado a contaminación moderada para las diferentes estaciones de muestreo. La concentración de HgT en cabello osciló entre 0.17 – 8.8 µg/g. 47% de la población supera el límite permisible establecido como referencia por USEPA: 1 µg g-1. Las concentraciones de HgT en macrofitas (Eichhornia crassipes) y plantas de cultivos de arroz fueron superiores en estaciones de muestreo que reciben corrientes de agua que transportan cargas contaminantes desde áreas de explotación mineras, tendencia similar presentada para sedimentos y peces. Conclusiones. Las actividades mineras han generado un proceso de contaminación gradual por Hg en la cadena alimenticia y actualmente los niveles en peces, arroz y cabello representan una seria preocupación para la salud humana

Variación estacional de la producción de huevos del copépodo calanoideo Centropages furcatus (Dana, 1852) en la Bahía de La Paz, México

The egg production rate (EPR) was estimated for Centropages furcatus in Bahia de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico during 2003. This species is one of the most abundant and frequent copepod in the zone. The highest egg production in carbon estimations for C. furcatus were observed in summer (1.20 ± 0.7 µg C female-1 d-1) and the lowest was found during spring (0.58 ± 0.42 µg C female-1 d-1). The longest prosome length (PL) was registered in summer (1.15 ± 0.05 mm) and the shorter during autumn (1.01 ± 0.04 mm). No significant correlation was found in a daily base between EPR and PL with chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration neither the sea surface temperature (SST). In temporal scale, in winter, spring and summer the SST was low (<23.2°C) in contrast, autumn presented high SST (>27 °C). Chl a was low (<1 mg m-3) in winter, spring and autumn, whereas in summer it was high (>3 mg m-3). Although the correlation was non significant between the biological parameters and the environmental variables (p> 0.05), the species showed high values of LP and TPH in summer when SST were low and the concentration of Chl a was high.Se estimó la tasa de producción de huevos (TPH) para Centropages furcatus en la Bahía de la Paz, Baja California Sur, México, durante 2003. Esta especie es una de las más abundantes y frecuentes de los copépodos en la zona. La estimación en carbono de la producción de huevos fue máxima en verano (1.20 ± 0.7 µg C hembra-1 d-1) y mínima en primavera (0.58 ± 0.42 µg C hembra-1 d-1). La mayor longitud del prosoma (LP) fue registrada en verano (1.15 ± 0.05 mm) y la menor en otoño (1.01 ± 0.04 mm). No hubo correlación significativa entre LP y TPH con la concentración de clorofila a (Cl a) ni con la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM). En invierno, primavera y verano la TSM fue menor a 23.2 °C, a diferencia de otoño que presentó TSM mayores a 27 °C. En relación a la Cl a, tanto en invierno, primavera y otoño los valores fueron menores a 1 mg m-3, mientras que en verano fueron mayores a 3 mg m-3. Aunque la correlación no fue significativa (p >0.05) entre los parámetros biológicos y las variables ambientales, la especie presentó valores altos de LP y TPH en verano cuando la TSM fue baja y la concentración de Cl a fue la más alta

Cambios diarios en la composición y abundancia de copépodos planctónicos al sur de Bahía de La Paz (Octubre 2002)

The goal of this work to analyze the changes in the copepods community, and its relationships with the sea temperature, chl-a concentration and tidal level south of Bahía de La Paz during October 2002. The statistical analysis split the study period with different communities. During the first phase, the oceanic and neritic-oceanic species were dominant (e.g. Labidocera acutifrons, L. acuta, L. diandra, and L. trispinosa), whereas during the second period an increase of the abundance and species richness of coastal and estuarine species was measured (e.g. Acartia lilljeborgii, A. clausi, Nannocalanus minor, and Canthocalanus pauper). These changes were mainly associated with changes in the tide level with respect to de mean sea level as well as with the chlorophyll-a concentration.El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los cambios de la comunidad de copépodos y su relación con la temperatura del mar, concentración de Cl a y la altura de la marea al sur de Bahía de La Paz durante octubre del 2002. El análisis estadístico dividió el periodo de estudio en dos etapas con distintas comunidades. En la primera etapa dominaron especies oceánicas y neríticooceánicas (Ej. Labidocera acutifrons, L. acuta, L. diandra, L. trispinosa), y en la segunda se incrementó la abundancia y número de especies costeras y lagunares (Ej. Acartia lilljeborgii, A. clausi, Nannocalanus minor y Canthocalanus pauper). Estos cambios, se asociaron principalmente a cambios en la altura de la marea con respecto al nivel medio del mar y a incrementos en la concentración de Cl a

Cost-effectiveness analysis for joint pain treatment in patients with osteoarthritis treated at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS): Comparison of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vs. cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the main causes of disability worldwide, especially in persons >55 years of age. Currently, controversy remains about the best therapeutic alternative for this disease when evaluated from a cost-effectiveness viewpoint. For Social Security Institutions in developing countries, it is very important to assess what drugs may decrease the subsequent use of medical care resources, considering their adverse events that are known to have a significant increase in medical care costs of patients with OA. Three treatment alternatives were compared: celecoxib (200 mg twice daily), non-selective NSAIDs (naproxen, 500 mg twice daily; diclofenac, 100 mg twice daily; and piroxicam, 20 mg/day) and acetaminophen, 1000 mg twice daily. The aim of this study was to identify the most cost-effective first-choice pharmacological treatment for the control of joint pain secondary to OA in patients treated at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cost-effectiveness assessment was carried out. A systematic review of the literature was performed to obtain transition probabilities. In order to evaluate analysis robustness, one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Estimations were done for a 6-month period.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Treatment demonstrating the best cost-effectiveness results [lowest cost-effectiveness ratio $17.5 pesos/patient ($1.75 USD)] was celecoxib. According to the one-way sensitivity analysis, celecoxib would need to markedly decrease its effectiveness in order for it to not be the optimal treatment option. In the probabilistic analysis, both in the construction of the acceptability curves and in the estimation of net economic benefits, the most cost-effective option was celecoxib.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>From a Mexican institutional perspective and probably in other Social Security Institutions in similar developing countries, the most cost-effective option for treatment of knee and/or hip OA would be celecoxib.</p

Sequencing of Non-model Plants for Understanding the Physiological Responses in Plants

From a genomic point of view, plants are complex organisms. Plants adapt to the environment, by developing different physiological and genetic properties, changing their genomic and expression profiles of adaptive factors, as exemplified by polyploidy studies. These characteristics along with the presence of duplicated genes/genomes make sequencing with early low-throughput DNA sequencing technologies in plants a challenging task. With the development of new technologies for molecular analysis, including transcriptome, proteome or microarray profiling, a new perspective in the genomic analysis was open, making possible to programs in species without genomic maps. The opportunity to extend molecular studies from laboratory model scale toward naturally occurring plant populations made it possible to precisely answer the longstanding important ecological and evolutionary questions. Some plant species have unique properties that could help to understand their adaptability to environment, crop production, pest protection or other biological processes. Molecular studies on non-model plants, including algae, mosses, ferns and plants with very specific characteristics are ongoing