A study of the link between partial sleep deprivation and obesity

Obesity has become a major health problem with increasing prevalence and is related to multiple medical consequences, such as increased risk for diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and cancer (Hasler et al., 2004). Due to the limited availability of effective treatment of weight problems, it is necessary to identify potential risk factors for obesity. One factor that has received increased attention is chronic partial sleep deprivation (\u3c7 hours of sleep a night). The decrease in average sleep duration over the past three to four decades has occurred simultaneously with the increase in the prevalence of obesity. Chronic partial sleep deprivation could be a possible risk factor for obesity, but current understanding of the processes linking sleep deprivation to obesity is incomplete. The research will focus on examining the possible pathways through which partial sleep deprivation contributes to the development of obesity: alterations in metabolic pathways and waking behavior, including eating behavior and physical inactivity. The hypothesis behind the proposed study is that increasing sleep duration in obese individuals who experience partial sleep deprivation will lead to a decreased BMI. Research addressing the possible pathways and targeting the amount of sleep will benefit individuals in preventing and/or treating obesity

A comparison of textual input enhancement and explicit rule presentation in secondary one English as a second language classes

This quasi-experimental classroom-based study compared the effectiveness of explicit rule-based teaching and textual input enhancement on a linguistic feature known to be problematic for francophone learners of English as a second language (i.e. third person singular possessive determiners his / her ). Over a four-week period, 4 experimental classes of secondary one francophone learners of English were exposed to form-focused instruction in one of the following conditions. The enhancement group (E) students were exposed to texts in which the target features of the study were typographically enhanced. The participants in the rule (R) group were given an explicit explanation of the rule and exposed to the same materials without typographical enhancement. Students in the rule+enhancement (R+) condition were exposed to both of the above-mentioned conditions (i.e. explicit rule explanation and typographical enhancement of the target feature). Finally, the control (C) group was simply exposed to the materials without rule explanation or typographical enhancement. A pretest, immediate, delayed and a long-term delayed posttest design was used for the purpose of this study. Three tasks were employed: a cloze task, a grammaticality judgment task, and a picture elicitation task. The tendency on all tests and all testing occasions showed that R+ > R > E > C. Showing that the combination of rule presentation coupled with textual input enhancement was most beneficial

Formación y evaluación docente bajo el alero del neoliberalismo: el caso chileno

In recent decades, in Chile, educational policies have been linked to the neoliberal economic system, which is why management rationalities have permeated the dynamics and relationships that take place in schools. Similarly, the training of teachers has been developed under a rationalist logic, attributing to teachers roles that do not include all those dimensions or aspects necessary for their performance in the classroom. These situations have affected the dynamics and interactions that occur in schools and have caused a de-professionalization of teachers. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the tensions that are evident in the Chilean educational system and teacher training under the banner of neoliberalism. For this purpose, information is selected and analyzed from scientific journals and books that consider the contradictions of education under the post-Fordist postulates and their relationship with teacher training and evaluation, considered the latter as the main mechanism of promotion in teacher professional development. The conclusions of this analysis reveal the relevance of education as an emancipating entity, and the importance of socio-emotional aspects and the paradigm of the teacher in the construction of educational reforms, especially those directly linked to teachers.En las últimas décadas, en Chile, las políticas educativas han estado vinculadas al sistema económico neoliberal, por lo que las racionalidades gerenciales han permeado las dinámicas y relaciones que tienen lugar en las escuelas. De igual manera, la formación de los docentes se ha desarrollado bajo una lógica racionalista que le atribuye roles que no contemplan todas aquellas dimensiones o aspectos necesarios para su desempeño en el aula. Estas situaciones han afectado las dinámicas e interacciones que ocurren en las escuelas y han ocasionado una desprofesionalización de los docentes. Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre las tensiones que se evidencian en el sistema educativo chileno y en la formación docente bajo el alero del neoliberalismo. Para ello, se selecciona y analiza información de revistas científicas y libros que consideran las contradicciones de la educación bajo los postulados posfordistas y su relación con la formación y la evaluación docente, considerada esta última como principal mecanismo de ascenso en el desarrollo profesional docente. Las conclusiones de este análisis develan la relevancia que tiene la educación como ente emancipador, y la importancia de los aspectos socioemocionales y del paradigma del profesor en la construcción de las reformas educativas, en especial de aquellas directamente vinculadas a los docentes

Hilos y nanotecnología: monitoreo de la señal pulso vital

This article shows the results obtained in the Threads and Nanotechnology research project, in which the monitoring of the vital pulse signal was developed. Through the application of concepts such as: the principles of photoplethysmography, piezoelectric sensors, Analog-Digital conversion and digital filters; allowing electronic handling, programming and testing of a microcontroller to send information to the element that processed the sensed signal. An Android and Web application was implemented for its correct visualization. The work finished with the construction of a device to facilitate early alarms of health status in older adults.Este artículo muestra los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación de Hilos y Nanotecnología, en el que se desarrolló el monitoreo de la señal pulso vital. Mediante la aplicación de conceptos tales como: los principios de fotopletismografía, sensores piezoeléctricos, conversión analógico-digital y filtros digitales, se establece el manejo electrónico, la programación y las pruebas de un microcontrolador para enviar información al elemento que procesó la señal detectada. Se implementó una aplicación Android y Web para su correcta visualización. El trabajo finaliza con la construcción de un dispositivo para facilitar las primeras alarmas del estado de salud en los adultos mayores

Asociación entre Escala de Alvarado y diagnostico de apendicitis aguda complicada y no complicada según anatomía patológica en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante enero a junio del 2016.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la escala de Alvarado y diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada y no complicada según anatomía patológica en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante enero a junio del 2016. Material y métodos: El diseño es observacional, analítico, transversal y retrospectivo. Se trabajó con 107 pacientes; para el análisis bivariado de asociación se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Se encontraron que 10% de la muestra no presentaron apendicitis aguda y 90% si lo hicieron, repartiéndose en 58% las no complicadas y 32% las complicadas. Además, el 56% pertenecía al sexo masculino y el 44% fue de sexo femenino. El grupo etario que incluyeron más pacientes fue el de 20-44 años con 56% y el que menos pacientes tuvo fue el de mayor de 64 años. La probabilidad diagnóstica alta (puntaje ≥ 7) representó el 80% y la baja/mediana (puntaje <7), el 20%. Se encontró asociación entre la escala de Alvarado y el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher (p<0,05) pero no para diferenciarlas entre complicada y no complicada (p= 0563). Por último, para un punto de corte 7, se halló una sensibilidad de 84.37%, especificidad de 54.54%, VPP de 93.10% y VPN de 30%. Conclusiones: No existe asociación entre la escala de Alvarado y el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada y no complicada según anatomía patológica; sin embargo, si existe relación con el diagnóstico de apendicitis

Virtopsia, generalidades de la radiología forense

La radiología es una de las especialidades de la medicina que se ocupa de generar imágenes diagnosticas del cuerpo humano con el fin de identificar o tratar patologías. Para realizar dichas imágenes se cuenta con diferentes tecnologías como son: radiología convencional (rayos x), ecografías o ultrasonografías, tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética. Dentro de la radiología se encuentra otro campo llamado radiología forense o Virtopsia, que utiliza las técnicas radiológicas para realizar necropsias no invasivas. Gracias a las imágenes obtenidas se pueden esclarecer delitos, abarcando el estudio de muertes por accidentes, muertes por asfixias, muertes asociadas a heridas de proyectiles de arma de fuego, diagnóstico de maltrato infantil, identificación de cadáveres, entre otras. En este trabajo se recopilan las generalidades de la radiología forense y los métodos utilizados, a partir del estudio de casos particulares. Finalmente, la radiología forense y el tecnólogo con sus conocimientos brindan ayuda al perito encargado de la necropsia a evaluar los resultados para así alcanzar resultados rápidos y precisos a la hora de la investigación.Radiology is one of the specialties of medicine that deals with generating diagnostic images of the human body in order to identify or treat pathologies. To carry out these images, different technologies are available, such as: conventional radiology (x-rays), ultrasound or ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. Within radiology there is another field called forensic radiology or Virtopsy, which uses radiological techniques to perform non-invasive necropsies. Thanks to the images obtained, crimes can be clarified, including the study of deaths from accidents, deaths from suffocation, deaths associated with wounds from firearm projectiles, diagnosis of child abuse, identification of corpses, among others. This paper compiles the generalities of forensic radiology and the methods used, from the study of particular cases. Finally, forensic radiology and the technologist with their knowledge help the expert in charge of the necropsy to evaluate the results in order to achieve fast and accurate results at the time of the investigation

NICU Discharge Readiness

After days, weeks or months in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), families can be overwhelmed by the discharge preparation and the transition to home. Literature supports that inadequate preparation for discharge from the NICU increases family anxiety, risk for hospital readmission and emergency room visits, as well as infant care issues at home such as feeding difficulty. This quality improvement project was identified to improve and enhance discharge readiness in the NICU. The project started with the development of a discharge readiness committee. After reviewing the literature, the committee met to identify areas in need of improvement which included improving communication of discharge plan, family/caregiver preparedness, completion of education before day of discharge and nursing documentation of completed education. Initial actions items incorporated the initiation of weekly interdisciplinary health team rounds, development of a standardized discharge teaching tool, inclusion of requested circumcision awareness in OB morning huddle, creation of a badge backer to include a QR code for easy access to required discharge videos, and identification/education of necessary educational documentation required within first 24-48 hours of admission in NICU. The committee plans to measure length of stay, parent satisfaction and documentation of education to determine the impact of the identified action items. The goal of this quality improvement project is for families to be feel supported during their NICU journey and prepared for discharge well before the discharge day, resulting in increased patient satisfaction, decreased length of stay and decrease nursing workload on the day of discharge.https://scholar.rochesterregional.org/nursingresearchday/1004/thumbnail.jp