White Mountain Research Station: 25 years of high-altitude research

The organization and functions of a test facility for conducting research projects at high altitudes are discussed. The projects conducted at the facility include the following: (1) bird physiology, (2) cardiorespiratory physiology, (3) endocrinological studies, (4) neurological studies, (5) metabolic studies, and (6) geological studies

Physiological responses to environmental factors related to space flight

Physiological base line data are established, and physiological procedures and instrumentation necessary for the automatic measurement of hemodynamic and metabolic parameters during prolonged periods of weightlessness are developed

Methodology for estimation of total body composition in laboratory mammals

A standardized dissection and chemical analysis procedure was developed for individual animals of several species in the size range mouse to monkey (15 g to 15 kg). The standardized procedure permits rigorous comparisons to be made both interspecifically and intraspecifically of organ weights and gross chemical composition in mammalian species series, and was applied successfully to laboratory mice, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, as well as to macaque monkeys. The procedure is described in detail

Ultrasound propagation and binding in solids

Measurement of sound wave velocity and attenuation by the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique are used to obtain insight into the nature of weak interatomic binding forces which are present or develop in certain materials. In particular, anomalies are found in both the elastic and anelastic properties in the vicinity of the martensitic phase transformations which occur in TiNi andIndium-thallium alloys. Considerable differences found between the elastic moduli of the two phases of TiNi are shown to arise Mainly from a variation in the free carrier density. Previously reported elastic constant data of some fcc indium-thallium alloysAre complemented by the present results and an overall picture of the compositional dependence of the elastic properties of theseAlloys in both the tetragonal and cubic phases are provided. Zirconia can be forced into a cubic structure by the addition of more than 7 mole % yttria: elastic constant data of two zirconia-yttria solid solutions, technologically important materials, provides a basis for the discussion of the stability of the cubic phase. Finally, on the basis of an evaluation of the elastic moduliof arsenic, a pronounced layer-type crystal, the ultrasonic wave propagation characteristics in this material are extensively compared and contrasted with those of the other two rhombohedral elemental semimetals antimony and bismuth, neither of which are themselves layer-like. The elastic wave propagation in antimony and bismuth is shown to differ not only in degree but also in kind from that in arsenic which exhibits the characteristics expected for a layer-like crystal. The weak binding forces in each of the materials studied are shown to play a dominant role in their elastic behaviour

In vivo measurement of human body composition

The time course of physiological changes that occur during the first 21 days of continuous bed rest was examined. The test involved a total of 14 men in the age range of 25 to 36 years. The subjects were divided into groups and tested on a staggered schedule. Results are presented

A perturbation density functional theory for the competition between inter and intramolecular association

Using the framework of Wertheim's thermodynamic perturbation theory we develop the first density functional theory which accounts for intramolecular association in chain molecules. To test the theory new Monte Carlo simulations are performed at a fluid solid interface for a 4 segment chain which can both intra and intermolecularly associate. The theory and simulation results are found to be in excellent agreement. It is shown that the inclusion of intramolecular association can have profound effects on interfacial properties such as interfacial tension and the partition coefficient

An Intervention Framework for Addressing Stigma on College Campuses: Findings From a 3-Year-Long Intervention Program

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will only exacerbate the rising mental health concerns among college students. However, stigma toward such concerns continues to hinder mental health care utilization among the students, requiring urgent evidence that can help guide college campuses in implementing effective antistigma interventions. We propose and provide evidence for an intervention based on findings from a 3-year-long antistigma intervention that was implemented on a Southeastern college campus in the United States. Unique random samples of college students, totaling N = 1727 across 3 years, were recruited as participants. Each year, participants completed a preintervention and postintervention survey comprising of questions related to demographics, stigma, and mental health care knowledge. Findings indicate that the stakeholder-led intervention decreased personal stigma and increased mental health care knowledge among students who were exposed to the intervention. Further research is needed to assess feasibility and efficacy of the proposed intervention framework on other campuses

Results from the EPL monkey-pod flight experiments conducted aboard the NASA/Ames CV-990, May 1976

The participation of the Environmental Physiology Laboratory (EPL) in the general purpose laboratory concept verification test 3 is documented. The EPL Monkey-Pod Experiment was designed to incorporate a 10-12 kg, pig tailed monkey, Macaca nemestrina, into the pod and measure the physiological responses of the animal continously. Four major elements comprise the EPL Monkey-Pod Experiment System: (1) a fiberglass pod containing the instrumented monkey plus feeder and watering devices, (2) an inner console containing the SKYLAB mass spectrometer with its associated valving and electronic controls, sensing, control and monitoring units for lower body negative pressure, feeder activity, waterer activity, temperatures, and gas metabolism calibration, (3) an umbilical complex comprising gas flow lines and electrical cabling between the inner and outer console and (4) an outer console in principle representing the experiment support to be provided from general space craft sources