First record of South American Terns <i>Sterna hirundinacea</i> breeding in a riverine environment (Río Negro, Argentina)

We describe a breeding co1ony of South American Tern <i>Sterna hirundinacea</i> in an island of the Río Negro river, 45 km NW of the city of Viedma, Argentina. It is the first record of a breeding colony of this species in a riverine environment

Effective Microorganisms: Myth or reality?

Th e increase in population has lead to intensifi cation of agricultural systems. Due to the use of pesticides the productivity of agricultural systems has increased but environmental deterioration and unsustainable systems are the consequences of these ways of management. Th e environmentally friendly Eff ective Microorganisms (EM) technology claims an enormous amount of benefi ts (claimed by the companies). Th e use of EM as an addictive to manure or as a spray directly in the fi elds may increase the microfauna diversity of the soil and many benefi ts are derived from that increase. It seems that suffi cient information is available about this new technology. Th e aim of this project is to make an analysis of the literature about EM and answer the following questions: 1) how much is known about EM?, 2) how much research is done on EM?, 3) what are the principals of EM?, what are the socio-economic implications of EM?. We want to answer these questions in order to publish the facts about EM and its socio-economic implications.Th e increase in population has lead to intensifi cation of agricultural systems. Due to the use of pesticides the productivity of agricultural systems has increased but environmental deterioration and unsustainable systems are the consequences of these ways of management. Th e environmentally friendly Eff ective Microorganisms (EM) technology claims an enormous amount of benefi ts (claimed by the companies). Th e use of EM as an addictive to manure or as a spray directly in the fi elds may increase the microfauna diversity of the soil and many benefi ts are derived from that increase. It seems that suffi cient information is available about this new technology. Th e aim of this project is to make an analysis of the literature about EM and answer the following questions: 1) how much is known about EM?, 2) how much research is done on EM?, 3) what are the principals of EM?, what are the socio-economic implications of EM?. We want to answer these questions in order to publish the facts about EM and its socio-economic implications

Fate of Bacillus cereus within phagocytic cells

In this study we assessed the interaction of different strains of Bacillus cereus with murine peritoneal macrophages and cultured phagocytic cells (Raw 264.7 cells). Association, internalization, intracellular survival, routing of bacteria to different compartments and expression of MHCII were assessed in cells infected with different strains of B. cereus in vegetative form. Association values (adhering + internalized bacteria) and phagocytosis were higher for strain B10502 than those for strains 2 and M2. However, after 90 min interaction, intracellular survival was higher for strain 2 than for strains M2 and B10502. Acquisition of lysosomal markers by B. cereus containing vacuoles (BcCV), assessed by LAMP1 and Lysotracker labelling occurred shortly after internalization. The highest ratio of LAMP1(+)-BcCV was found for strain M2. This strain was able to survive longer than strain B10502 which routes to LAMP1 containing vacuoles to a lesser extent. In addition, strain M2 stimulated expression of MHCII by infected cells. Confocal analyses 60 or 90 min post-infection showed different percentages of co-localization of bacteria with Lysotracker. Results suggest strain-dependent interaction and intracellular killing of B. cereus by phagocytic cells. These findings could be relevant for the pathogenic potential of Bacillus cereus strains.Keywords:&nbsp;Bacillus cereus &middot; LAMP1 &middot; phagocytosis &middot; virulence &middot; endocytic pathway &middot; intracellular traffickin

A case of intoxication due to a highly cytotoxic Bacillus cereus strain isolated from cooked chicken

Outbreaks of Bacillus cereus infection/intoxication are not commonly reported because symptoms are often mild, and the disease is self-limiting. However, hypervirulent strains increase health risks. We report a case, which occurred in Argentina, of severe food The studied strain was highly cytotoxic, showed high ability to detach Caco-2 cells and was positive for the hblA, hblB, and hblC genes of the hbl complex, bceT, entS and ces. As it is considered that B. cereus emetic cluster evolved from a panmictic population of diarrhoeal strains, B. cereus MVL2011 could constitute an intermediate strain between diarrhoeal and emetic strains.Prepint aceptado el 14 de agosto de 2014 para su publicación

Territorial Dynamics of Spanish Members of Parliament (1977-2020)

The Congress of Deputies should supposedly represent the entire Spanish population and the Spanish Constitution provides mechanisms to ensure geographic representation in the lower house. However, the mobility of the members of parliament (MPs) across constituencies can generate territorial representation imbalances. Based on the territorial component of descriptive representation, this article analyses the unequal geographic representation of autonomous communities in the Congress. A descriptive statistical assessment was conducted based on MPs' autonomous community of birth, the autonomous community for which they have a seat, the role played by political parties, and the way in which territorial representation occurs within the hyper elite. Special attention was paid to the representation of peripheral regions and to the drivers of overrepresentation (and underrepresentation) of some regions in the Congress. It was observed that-with few exceptions-territorial peripheries includemore native MPs, export fewerMPs, and are generally underrepresented in the Congress and within the hyper elite. In contrast, the Basque Country (an exception), Madrid, and other central territories are overrepresented in the Congress. Finally, four models of descriptive territorial representation were identified, which correspond to Spain's different territorial tensions.Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Departamento de Sociologí

Screening and Distribution of Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Regulated Organic Pollutants in the Heavily Modified Guadalhorce River Basin, Southern Spain

Emerging pollutants have aroused an increasing concern due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and harmful potential. Both emerging (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products) and regulated organic pollutants pose a serious threat to water quality and their presence and spatial distribution are complicated to address as they can derive from several factors: distribution of point and diffuse sources, environmental conditions, hydrogeological features of the region and inherent properties of the considered contaminants. In this study, a ground and surface water monitoring campaign was conducted in the three main detritic groundwater bodies of an extensive and heavily modified river basin in order to draft an initial description of the occurrence and distribution of a wide range of organic contaminants. In total, 63 out of 185 target pollutants were detected. An attempt to understand the importance of different factors governing the distribution of some of the most frequently found pollutants was made. Antibiotics spatial distribution is potentially influenced by the hydrogeological functioning of the basin modified by hydraulic infrastructures (reflected by hydrochemistry and environmental tracers delta H-2 and delta O-18), not directly related to the distribution of potential sources. The presence of other organic pollutants does not reflect an evident correlation with flow pathways. Differences in contaminant occurrence are potentially attributed to the way pollutants are released into the environment as well as physico-chemical properties

Role of short-range order and hyperuniformity in the formation of band gaps in disordered photonic materials

We study photonic band gap formation in two-dimensional high-refractive-index disordered materials where the dielectric structure is derived from packing disks in real and reciprocal space. Numerical calculations of the photonic density of states demonstrate the presence of a band gap for all polarizations in both cases. We find that the band gap width is controlled by the increase in positional correlation inducing short-range order and hyperuniformity concurrently. Our findings suggest that the optimization of short-range order, in particular the tailoring of Bragg scattering at the isotropic Brillouin zone, are of key importance for designing disordered PBG materials

The metamorphism and structure of the Maimón Formation and Duarte and Río Verde Complexes, Dominican Central Cordillera: implications for the structure and evolution of the primitive Caribbean Island Arc

[ES] El Complejo Duarte, el Complejo Río Verde y las Formaciones de Maimón y Los Ranchos, constituyen el basamento metabasáltico pre Aptiense/Albiense del Cinturón Intermedio (CI) en la Isla de La Española. En base a las asociaciones minerales presentes en las metabasitas y las condiciones P-T estimadas mediante termobarometría, en el Complejo Río Verde es posible distinguir cuatro zonas metamórficas, desde la facies de prehnita-pumpellyta (Zona I) en la base estructural, a la de los esquistos verdes (Zonas II y III) y anfibolítica (Zona IVa), hasta la facies anfibolítica superior con clinopiroxeno (Zona IVb) a techo. Las asociaciones minerales en la Zona IVb son transicionales a la facies de las granulitas básicas de baja-P y están restringidas a las anfibolitas localizadas justo bajo el contacto tectónico con la Peridotita de Loma Caribe suprayacente. El gradiente metamórfico de campo en el Complejo Río Verde es invertido y de baja-P. Las trayectorias P-T deducidas para rocas de la Zonas IVa y IVb implican dos episodios metamórficos: (a) un calentamiento en condiciones de baja-P aproximadamente isobáricas, típico de una suela metamórfica subofiolítica; y (b) la superposición de asociaciones de media-P, siguiendo un gradiente progrado de alta-P. Estas trayectorias se interpretan como el resultado de un cabalgamiento intraoceánico durante el cierre de una cuenca de tras-arco y el inicio de la subducción de las unidades componentes del Primitivo Arco Isla Caribeño en el Aptiense/Albiense, que produce las asociaciones de mayor presión. En el sector estudiado, el Complejo Duarte se subdivide en tres zonas metamórficas, desde la parte alta de la facies de los esquistos verdes (Zona A), a la facies de las anfibolitas y anfibolitas epidóticas (Zona B), hasta la facies anfibolítica superior transicional a la facies granulítica (Zona C). El gradiente metamórfico de campo es normal y aparentemente de media-P (25-30º C/km). Los niveles estructurales más bajos del complejo están ocupados por el batolito de noritas y gabro-noritas de la Jautia, que ha desarrollado en zonas de cizalla dúctil asociaciones sincinemáticas de granulitas con Grt+Opx. La edad de 89 Ma obtenida para las intrusiones de tonalitas foliadas (U-Pb en zircones), establece una edad Cretácico Superior para esta deformación principal, consistente en un cizallamiento dúctil sinmetamórfico a gran escala. Sin embargo, la deformación es muy heterogénea en el complejo, existiendo amplios sectores metamorfizados en condiciones de un bajo esfuerzo diferencial. Por lo tanto, el metamorfismo progrado del Complejo Duarte se interpreta como el resultado del engrosamiento moderado de una corteza oceánica anormalmente potente, debido a la gran acumulación de basaltos de plateau (>30 km). Las trayectorias post-pico térmico deducidas implican la descompresión y enfriamiento del complejo (84,6±0,5 Ma; edad de enfriamiento 40Ar/39Ar de moscovitas sin-Sp), durante la formación de las fábricas deformativas y miloníticas retrógradas que constituyen la foliación principal Sp. En síntesis, las rocas metamórficas del basamento del Cinturón Intermedio registran los diferentes estadios evolutivos relacionados con la acreción-obducción del plateau de Duarte al Primitivo Arco Isla Caribeño en el Aptiense/Albiense, junto con un fragmento de litosfera oceánica. Todos estos eventos predatan la colisión final arco-continente entre el arco isla Caribeño y la plataforma carbonatada de las Bahamas durante el Cretácico Superior.[EN] The mainly metabasaltic pre-Aptian/Albian basement of the Median Belt of Hispaniola includes the Duarte Complex, the Río Verde Complex and the Maimón-Los Ranchos Formations. In base to mineral assemblages present in metabasic rocks and P-T conditions estimated from thermobarometry, the Río Verde Complex is divided into four metamorphic zones and Zone IV is further subdivided into two. The metamorphic grade increase upward in the structural sequence, from prehnite-pumpellyte facies (Zone I), through greens-chist facies (Zones II and III) and amphibolite facies (Zone IVa), to upper amphibolite facies (Zone IVb), only restricted to Cpx-bearing amphibolites just below the contact with the overlying Loma Caribe Peridotite. The metamorphic field gradient is inverse and of low-P type. The P-T paths documented for Zones IVa and IVb of the Río Verde Complex involve a two-stage prograde evolution: a first event of near isobaric heating in the low-pressure field, typical of sub-ophiolite metamorphic sole rocks and characterized by critical high-grade assemblages; and a second event marked by a medium-pressure overprint of the first-stage metamorphic assemblages following a high-P gradient. These P-T paths are interpreted to result from intra-oceanic thrusting during the closure of a back-arc basin related with the Primitive Caribbean Island Arc and the onset of subduction of arc units in the Aptian/Albian time, which formed the high-pressure metamorphic overprint. The heating and development of an inverted metamorphic gradient in the sub-ophiolite Río Verde Complex, can be genetically related with the hanginwall emplacement of the hot peridotitic slice and the conductive heat transfer downward. The studied sector of the Duarte Complex (metamorphosed oceanic plateau) is divided into three metamorphic zones. Their distribution suggest that there is a temperature increase westward and downward in the structural sequence, from the upper greenschist facies (zone A), through Ep-amphibolite and amphibolite facies (zone B), to upper amphibolite transitional to lower granulite facies (zone C). The metamorphic field gradient is normal and the mid-P type (25-30º C/km). The lowest structural levels of the complex are occupied by the gabro-norites of the La Jautía batholith, which formed in ductile shear zones Grt+Opx-bearing granulites metamorphic assemblages. The 89 Ma date obtained from foliated tonalites (U-Pb in zircons) established an Upper Cretaceous age for the main ductile shearing deformation. However, the deformation is very heterogeneous in the complex, existing regionally wide metamorphic sectors without related foliation development. Therefore, the prograde metamorphism of the Duarte Complex is interpreted to result from moderated thickening of a previously thick oceanic crust, due to the great accumulation of plateau-basalts (>30 km). The post-thermal peak P-T paths suggest the unloading and cooling of the complex, during the continuous retrograde development of deformative and mylonitic non-coaxial Sp fabrics (84,6±0,5 Ma; 40 Ar/39 Ar cooling age in syn-Sp muscovite). In summary, the metamorphic rocks of the pre-Aptian/Albian basement units of the Median Belt record different stages in the history of the acretion-obduction of the Duarte plateau with the Caribbean Primitive Island Arc. All these tectonothermal events pre-date the final arc-continent collision between the Caribbean island arc and the Bahamas platform during the Late Cretaceous.Los autores agradecen a Peter Skelton y Reinaldo Rojas el haber proporcionado datos cronoestratigráficos inéditos sobre la Formación Calizas del Hatillo. G. Draper y J.F. Lewis desean dar gracias al Departamento de Exploración de la Compañía Falconbridge Dominicana S.A. por su asistencia en el trabajo en el campo. G. Draper agradece también las ayudas concedidas para las campañas de campo por el Latin American-Caribbean Center de la Universidad Internacional de Florida. Los autores agradecen también la revisión constructiva del manuscrito realizada por Marina Navidad y Ricardo Arenas, del Departamento de Petrología y Geoquímica de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Programa SYSMIN de la Unión Europea.Peer reviewe