2,414 research outputs found
Structure of the doublet bands in doubly odd nuclei: The case of
The structure of the doublet bands in is
investigated within the framework of the Interacting Vector Boson Fermion Model
(IVBFM). A new, purely collective interpretation of these bands is given on the
basis of the used boson-fermion dynamical symmetry of the model. The energy
levels of the doublet bands as well as the absolute and
transition probabilities between the states of both yrast and yrare bands are
described quite well. The observed odd-even staggering of both and
values is reproduced by the introduction of an appropriate interaction
term of quadrupole type, which produces such a staggering effect in the
transition strengths. The calculations show that the appearance of doublet
bands in certain odd-odd nuclei could be a consequence of the realization of a
larger dynamical symmetry based on the non-compact supersymmetry group
.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Neutrino and antineutrino cross sections in C
We extend the formalism of weak interaction processes, obtaining new
expressions for the transition rates, which greatly facilitate numerical
calculations, both for neutrino-nucleus reactions and muon capture. We have
done a thorough study of exclusive (ground state) properties of B and
N within the projected quasiparticle random phase approximation (PQRPA).
Good agreement with experimental data is achieved in this way. The inclusive
neutrino/antineutrino () reactions C(N
and C(B are calculated within both the PQRPA, and
the relativistic QRPA (RQRPA). It is found that the magnitudes of the resulting
cross-sections: i) are close to the sum-rule limit at low energy, but
significantly smaller than this limit at high energies both for and
, ii) they steadily increase when the size of the configuration
space is augmented, and particulary for energies MeV,
and iii) converge for sufficiently large configuration space and final state
spin.Comment: Proceedings of the International Nuclear Physics Conference 2010,
Vancouver, BC - Canada 4-9 Jul 201
Nuclear charge-exchange excitations based on relativistic density-dependent point-coupling model
Spin-isospin transitions in nuclei away from the valley of stability are
essential for the description of astrophysically relevant weak interaction
processes. While they remain mainly beyond the reach of experiment, theoretical
modeling provides important insight into their properties. In order to describe
the spin-isospin response,vcthe proton-neutron relativistic quasiparticle
random phase approximation (PN-RQRPA) is formulated using the relativistic
density-dependent point coupling interaction, and separable pairing interaction
in both the and pairing channels. By implementing recently
established DD-PCX interaction with improved isovector properties relevant for
the description of nuclei with neutron-to-proton number asymmetry, the isobaric
analog resonances (IAR) and Gamow-Teller resonances (GTR) have been
investigated. In contrast to other models that usually underestimate the IAR
excitation energies in Sn isotope chain, the present model accurately
reproduces the experimental data, while the GTR properties depend on the
isoscalar pairing interaction strength. This framework provides not only an
improved description of the spin-isospin response in nuclei, but it also allows
future large scale calculations of charge-exchange excitations and weak
interaction processes in stellar environment.Comment: 40 pages, 6 figures, revised versio
Isoscalar and Isovector Splitting of Pygmy Dipole Structures
The electric dipole response of 140Ce is investigated using the fully consistent relativistic quasiparticle random phase approximation. By analyzing the isospin structure of the E1 response, it is shown that the low-energy (pygmy) strength separates into two segments with different isospin character. The more pronounced pygmy structure at lower energy is composed of predominantly isoscalar states with surface-peaked transition densities. At somewhat higher energy the calculated E1 strength is primarily of isovector character, as expected for the low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance. The results are in qualitative agreement with those obtained in recent (gamma, gamma') and (alpha, alpha'gamma) experiments, and provide a simple explanation for the splitting of low-energy E1 strength into two groups of states with different isospin structure and radial dependence of the corresponding transition densities
Odd-skipped genes specify the signaling center that triggers retinogenesis in Drosophila
5 páginas, 4 figuras.Although many of the factors responsible for conferring identity to the eye field in Drosophila have been identified, much less is known about how the expression of the retinal `trigger', the signaling molecule Hedgehog, is controlled. Here, we show that the co-expression of the conserved odd-skipped family genes at the posterior margin of the eye field is required to activate hedgehog expression and thereby the onset of retinogenesis. The fly Wnt1 homologue wingless represses the odd-skipped genes drm and odd along the anterior margin and, in this manner, spatially restricts the extent of retinal differentiation within the eye field.This work has been funded through grants BMC2003-06248 (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain) and POCTI/BIA-BCM/56043/2004 [Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal], which are co-funded by FEDER, to F.C. C.B-P. and J.B. are funded by FCT.Peer reviewe
Giant Quadrupole Resonances in 208Pb, the nuclear symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness
Recent improvements in the experimental determination of properties of the
Isovector Giant Quadrupole Resonance (IVGQR), as demonstrated in the A=208 mass
region, may be instrumental for characterizing the isovector channel of the
effective nuclear interaction. We analyze properties of the IVGQR in 208Pb,
using both macroscopic and microscopic approaches. The microscopic method is
based on families of non-relativistic and covariant Energy Density Functionals
(EDF), characterized by a systematic variation of isoscalar and isovector
properties of the corresponding nuclear matter equations of state. The
macroscopic approach yields an explicit dependence of the nuclear symmetry
energy at some subsaturation density, for instance S(\rho=0.1 fm^{-3}), or the
neutron skin thickness \Delta r_{np} of a heavy nucleus, on the excitation
energies of isoscalar and isovector GQRs. Using available data it is found that
S(\rho=0.1 fm{}^{-3})=23.3 +/- 0.6 MeV. Results obtained with the microscopic
framework confirm the correlation of the \Delta r_{np} to the isoscalar and
isovector GQR energies, as predicted by the macroscopic model. By exploiting
this correlation together with the experimental values for the isoscalar and
isovector GQR energies, we estimate \Delta r_{np} = 0.14 +/- 0.03 fm for 208Pb,
and the slope parameter of the symmetry energy: L = 37 +/- 18 MeV
Neutrino and antineutrino charge-exchange reactions on 12C
We extend the formalism of weak interaction processes, obtaining new
expressions for the transition rates, which greatly facilitate numerical
calculations, both for neutrino-nucleus reactions and muon capture. Explicit
violation of CVC hypothesis by the Coulomb field, as well as development of a
sum rule approach for the inclusive cross sections have been worked out. We
have done a thorough study of exclusive (ground state) properties of B
and N within the projected quasiparticle random phase approximation
(PQRPA). Good agreement with experimental data achieved in this way put in
evidence the limitations of standard RPA and the QRPA models, which come from
the inability of the RPA in opening the shell, and from the
non-conservation of the number of particles in the QRPA. The inclusive
neutrino/antineutrino () reactions C(N
and C(B are calculated within both the PQRPA, and
the relativistic QRPA (RQRPA). It is found that the magnitudes of the resulting
cross-sections: i) are close to the sum-rule limit at low energy, but
significantly smaller than this limit at high energies both for and
, ii) they steadily increase when the size of the configuration
space is augmented, and particulary for energies MeV,
and iii) converge for sufficiently large configuration space and final state
spin. The quasi-elastic C(N cross section recently
measured in the MiniBooNE experiment is briefly discussed. We study the
decomposition of the inclusive cross-section based on the degree of
forbiddenness of different multipoles. A few words are dedicated to the
-C charge-exchange reactions related with astrophysical
applications.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, submitted to Physical Review
Pygmies, Giants, and Skins
Understanding the equation of state (EOS) of neutron-rich matter is a central
goal of nuclear physics that cuts across a variety of disciplines. Indeed, the
limits of nuclear existence, the collision of energetic heavy ions, the
structure of neutron stars, and the dynamics of core-collapse supernova all
depend critically on the nuclear-matter EOS. In this contribution I focus on
the EOS of cold baryonic matter with special emphasis on its impact on the
structure, dynamics, and composition of neutron stars. In particular, I discuss
how laboratory experiments on neutron skins as well as on Pygmy and Giant
resonances can help us elucidate the structure of these fascinating objects.Comment: Invited Talk given at the 11th International Conference on
Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2012), San Antonio, Texas, USA, May 27-June 1,
2012. To appear in the NN2012 Proceedings in Journal of Physics: Conference
Series (JPCS
Deformed Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble Analysis of the Interacting Boson Model
A Deformed Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (DGOE) which interpolates between the
Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble and a Poissonian Ensemble is constructed. This new
ensemble is then applied to the analysis of the chaotic properties of the low
lying collective states of nuclei described by the Interacting Boson Model
(IBM). This model undergoes a transition order-chaos-order from the
limit to the limit. Our analysis shows that the quantum fluctuations of
the IBM Hamiltonian, both of the spectrum and the eigenvectors, follow the
expected behaviour predicted by the DGOE when one goes from one limit to the
other.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures (avaiable upon request), IFUSP/P-1086 Replaced
version: in the previous version the name of one of the authors was omitte
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