Liver fibrosis in primary intestinal lymphangiectasia: an undervalued topic

The relationship between primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) and liver fibrosis is an emerging topic with many obscure aspects due to the rarity of the disorder. A recent paper reported that a six-month lowfat diet improved liver fibrosis. We report the case of a 17-year-old girl affected by PIL whose hepatic fibrosis progressively worsened within one year, despite dietetic support. This and the previous case report describe extraordinary events, which do not allow clear-cut clinical aspects to be established. Nevertheless, both cases suggest that in patients with PIL, it is necessary to closely monitor liver morphology with in-depth investigations including not only ultrasonography, but also elastography

On Coulomb drag in double layer systems

We argue, for a wide class of systems including graphene, that in the low temperature, high density, large separation and strong screening limits the drag resistivity behaves as d^{-4}, where d is the separation between the two layers. The results are independent of the energy dispersion relation, the dependence on momentum of the transport time, and the wave function structure factors. We discuss how a correct treatment of the electron-electron interactions in an inhomogeneous dielectric background changes the theoretical analysis of the experimental drag results of Ref. [1]. We find that a quantitative understanding of the available experimental data [1] for drag in graphene is lacking.Comment: http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-8984/24/33/335602

Meningitis complicated by subdural empyema and deafness caused by pneumoccoccal serotype 7F in a 17-month-old child: a case report

Despite the availability of effective antibacterial agents and vac- cines, pneumococcal meningitis and sepsis are still associated with high mortality rates and a high risk of neurological sequelae. We describe the case of a 17-month-old boy vaccinated with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) who developed bacterial meningitis complicated by subdural empyema and deafness caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 7F. The 7F strain is not con- tained in PCV7 (the only vaccine on the market at the time of the onset of meningitis) but is included in the new pediatric 13-valent PCV, which may therefore prevent cases such as this in the future. The full article is free available on www.jpmh.or

Negative local resistance caused by viscous electron backflow in graphene

Graphene hosts a unique electron system in which electron-phonon scattering is extremely weak but electron-electron collisions are sufficiently frequent to provide local equilibrium above liquid nitrogen temperature. Under these conditions, electrons can behave as a viscous liquid and exhibit hydrodynamic phenomena similar to classical liquids. Here we report strong evidence for this transport regime. We find that doped graphene exhibits an anomalous (negative) voltage drop near current injection contacts, which is attributed to the formation of submicrometer-size whirlpools in the electron flow. The viscosity of graphene's electron liquid is found to be ~0.1 m$^2$ /s, an order of magnitude larger than that of honey, in agreement with many-body theory. Our work shows a possibility to study electron hydrodynamics using high quality graphene

Measuring Hall Viscosity of Graphene's Electron Fluid

Materials subjected to a magnetic field exhibit the Hall effect, a phenomenon studied and understood in fine detail. Here we report a qualitative breach of this classical behavior in electron systems with high viscosity. The viscous fluid in graphene is found to respond to non-quantizing magnetic fields by producing an electric field opposite to that generated by the classical Hall effect. The viscous contribution is large and identified by studying local voltages that arise in the vicinity of current-injecting contacts. We analyze the anomaly over a wide range of temperatures and carrier densities and extract the Hall viscosity, a dissipationless transport coefficient that was long identified theoretically but remained elusive in experiment. Good agreement with theory suggests further opportunities for studying electron magnetohydrodynamics.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

The Italian clinical experience with adalimumab in Crohn's disease: Eleven clinical cases

This supplement contains 11 clinical cases from 11 Italian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) specialists, giving an overview of clinical practice with regard to the use of adalimumab in the management of Crohn’s disease (CD)