Introducing New Methodologies for Identifying Design Patterns for Internationalization and Localization

This paper describes a new methodology for deriving interaction design patterns from an analysis of ethnographic data. It suggests using inductive and deductive analysis processes to identify and articulate patterns that address the needs of culturally diverse users of interactive, collaborative systems. This might inform the internationalization and localization process of computer supported collaboration systems

Age-of-acquisition effects:a literature review

Age of acquisition (AoA) refers to the age at which people learn a particular item and the AoA effect refers to the phenomenon that early-acquired items are processed more quickly and accurately than those acquired later. Over several decades, the AoA effect has been investigated using neuroscientific, behavioral, corpus and computational techniques. We review the current evidence for the AoA effect stemming from a range of methodologies and paradigms and apply these findings to current explanations of how and where the AoA effect occurs. We conclude that the AoA effect can be found both in the connections between levels of representations and within these representations themselves, and that the effect itself occurs through the process of the distinct coding of early and late items, together with the nature of the connections between levels of representation. This approach strongly suggests that the AoA effect results from the construction of perceptual-semantic representations and the mappings between representation

Life in the slip lane: the effect of molecular level friction on algal adhesion

The settlement and adhesion of Navicula perminuta and Ulva linza to methyl-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of increasing chain length has been investigated. Organisms were allowed to settle onto the monolayers and were subsequently exposed to hydrodynamic shear stress in order to determine their adhesion strength. Results show that as the SAM structure changes from amorphous to crystalline (C14), there is a marked change in the adhesion of N. perminuta and U. linza. Given that the SAMs in the series all exhibit similar contact angle behaviour and surface energy, it is hypothesized that the lubricity of the surface plays a role in determining the surface adhesion

Spectral Hardness Decay with Respect to Fluence in BATSE Gamma-Ray Bursts

We have analyzed the evolution of the spectral hardness parameter Epk as a function of fluence in gamma-ray bursts. We fit 41 pulses within 26 bursts with the trend reported by Liang & Kargatis (1996) which found that Epk decays exponentially with respect to photon fluence. We also fit these pulses with a slight modification of this trend, where Epk decays linearly with energy fluence. In both cases, we found the set of 41 pulses to be consistent with the trend. For the latter trend, which we believe to be more physical, the distribution of the decay constant is roughly log-normal, with a mean of 1.75 +/- 0.07 and a FWHM of 1.0 +/- 0.1. Regarding an earlier reported invariance in the decay constant among different pulses in a single burst, we found probabilities of 0.49 to 0.84 (depending on the test used) that such invariance would occur by coincidence, most likely due to the narrow distribution of decay constant values among pulses.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure pages, 2 table pages, submitted to The Astrophysical Journa

Rooting and vegetative growth of hardwood cuttings of 12 pomegranate (\u3ci\u3ePunica granatum\u3c/i\u3e L.) cultivars

Commercial pomegranate production area has increased substantially in the western hemisphere due to increased consumer interest in the fruit. Low nursery inventory has caused many growers to propagate vegetatively their own trees and the availability of only a few cultivars is believed to have played a role in a lack of diversity in the developing market. ‘Wonderful,’ the industry standard for pomegranate in several countries, has been propagated in the United States for over 100 years, yet there is limited scientific information regarding how to most effectively propagate ‘Wonderful’ and other important cultivars. This research included two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated rooting percentages and vegetative growth attributes of hardwood cuttings of twelve cultivars (‘Ambrosia,’ ‘Desertnyi,’ ‘Eversweet,’ ‘Golden Globe,’ ‘Green Globe,’ ‘Haku Botan,’ ‘Ki Zakuro,’ ‘Loffani,’ ‘Nochi Shibori,’ ‘Parfianka,’ ‘Phoenicia,’ and ‘Wonderful’) utilizing a basal dip in a gel formulation of 3 g·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Experiment 2 evaluated auxin treatments which consisted of basal dip in water only (control) or a gel formulation of IBA (1.5 g L−1 or 3 g L−1) for hardwood cuttings of ‘Wonderful’ and two cultivars that rooted poorly in Experiment 1: ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Green Globe.’ Measured response attributes included rooting success percentages, dry root mass, leaf area, plant height, number of shoots, apical shoot growth, total shoot length, branching, stem diameter, and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value). ‘Wonderful’ and nine other cultivars rooted over 84% of the time using cuttings treated with 3 g L−1 IBA. Differences in plant height and branching could be detected early in production. The effect of IBA concentration on rooting percentage and growth attributes varied among cultivars. Cuttings of ‘Ambrosia’ rooted best with 3 g L−1 IBA versus 0 and 1.5 g L−1 IBA, whereas rooting of cuttings of ‘Green Globe’ was similar among IBA rates. Plants of ‘Wonderful’ had significantly greater leaf area compared to those of ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Green Globe.’ Stem diameter had no effect on rooting on any cultivar in either experiment. There were significant differences among cultivars in terms of chlorophyll content, with ‘Haku Botan’ and ‘Loffani’ having greener leaves than ‘Eversweet,’ ‘Ambrosia,’ and ‘Desertnyi.

Confocal imaging to reveal the microstructure of soybean processing materials

�� 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher���s website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.09.022Sustainable production of food products for human consumption is required to reduce negative impacts on the environment and to consumer���s health. Soybeans are an excellent source of nutritive plant proteins; aqueous extraction yields part of the available oil and protein from the legume. Many studies have been conducted which detail the various processing parameters and their effects on the extraction yields, yet there is little data on the localisation of nutritive components such as oil and protein in the fibrous unextracted by-product. Here we show a novel confocal laser scanning microscopy investigation of soybean processing materials and the physical effects of thermal treatment on the materials microstructure upon aqueous extraction. Various features, more specifically oil, protein (including protein aggregation) and cell wall structures, are visualised in the fibrous by-product, soy slurry and soy extract, with their presence both in the continuous phase and within intact cotyledon cells. Thermal treatment reduced the protein extraction yield; this is shown to be a result of aggregated protein bodies in the continuous phase and within intact cotyledons cells. Knowledge of the processing material microstructures can be applied to improve extraction yields and reduce waste production

Leading from the engine room

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018. This paper explores relationships and challenges facing teams creating simulation-based learning environments. Drawing on our experience of governance within Australian Indigenous cultures and specific work incidents as case studies, we explore tensions, triumphs and insights occurring during collaborative ventures intended to produce online learning activities. Our view is ‘from the engine room’ - at that point where technology and design expertise reframe creative ‘story boards’ into ‘interactive learning experiences’ requiring productive harnessing of diversity. Creation of scenario-based learning environments requires an understanding of specific content, along with the array of available learning pathways. Appreciating pitfalls likely to hinder the design process is vital. Scenarios use specific, and specialized artefacts and technologies to create interactive learning environments; computer-based technologies make the process even more complex, requiring highly specialized skills to contribute particular elements. More and more people are involved, and a greater number of specializations contribute to the final product. We draw on Human Computer Interaction practices to explore designer - developer interfaces and explore what may be involved in developing aware, conscious leadership of this emergent complexity. Words penned by Harrison (1967) aptly encapsulate our theme - “We were talking about the space between us all”

Genetic diversity and differentiation within and between cultivated (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa) and wild (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris) grapes

Genetic characterization of 502 diverse grape accessions including 342 cultivated (V. vinifera ssp. sativa) and 160 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grapes showed considerable genetic diversity among accessions. A total of 117 alleles were detected across eight SSR loci with the average of 14 alleles per locus. The genetic diversity of wild grapes was slightly lower than that observed in the cultivated grapes probably due to small populations and severe natural selection leading to drift and loss of alleles and heterozygosity in wild grapes. The distance cluster analysis (CA) supported the classical ecogeographic groups with moderate genetic differentiation among them. There was a greater affinity of Occidentalis grape to wild grape from the Caucasus than other groups. However, a number of low to moderate frequency alleles that are present in the cultivated grape are not represented in the wild grape.