Promotion of physical activity interventions for community dwelling older adults: A systematic review of reviews

Objectives While there is strong evidence that regular participation in physical activity (PA) brings numerous health benefits to older adults, and interventions to effectively promote PA are being developed and tested, the characteristics and components of the most effective interventions remain unclear. This systematically conducted review of systematic reviews evaluated the effects and characteristics of PA promotion interventions aimed at community dwelling people over 50 years old. Methods Major databases were searched for reviews from January 1990 to May 2015. TIDieR guidelines aided data extraction and the ROBIS tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes were objective and self-reported levels of PA. Indicators of psychological wellbeing and participation rates were secondary outcomes. Results Of 1284 records identified, 19 reviews met inclusion criteria and eight included meta-analyses. Interventions typically incorporated behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and were delivered as face-to-face, remote, group, individual or as combined interventions. Despite their heterogeneity, interventions often resulted in sustained improvements in PA over the study period, typically at 12 months, and led to improvements in general wellbeing. However, ways to ensure effective maintenance beyond one year are unclear. Certain intervention components were more clearly associated with positive effects (e.g. tailoring promotion strategy with combination of cognitive and behavioural elements, low to moderate intensity activity recommended). We found no evidence that certain other intervention characteristics were superior in achieving positive outcomes (e.g. mode of delivery, setting, professional background of the intervention provider, type of PA recommended). Conclusion The evidence suggests that interventions to promote PA among older adults are generally effective but there is uncertainty around the most beneficial intervention components. There are indications that purely cognitive strategies and BCTs might be less suitable for older adults than motivators more meaningful to them, including social and environmental support, and enjoyment coming from being physically active. A whole system-oriented approach is required that is tailored to meet the needs of older adults and aligned with social, individual and environmental factors

Ion-pair recognition by a ditopic calix[4] semitube receptor

A ditopic receptor comprised of a calix[4]semitube for cation recognition and urea functionality for anion complexation has been developed. This receptor displays a remarkable selectivity and fast kinetics of complexation for potassium cation over all other Group 1 metal cations, a property mirroring that of the parent calix[4]semitube 1. 1H NMR studies reveal that 4 cooperatively binds a range of sodium and potassium halide and acetate salts in 2 : 1 CDCl3 : CD3CN, with anion binding enhancements of over thirty-fold in the case of bromide. Extraction experiments demonstrated that the host could solubilise sodium and potassium salts in chloroform. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2003

Calix[4] semitube diquinone: a potassium selective redox-active ionophore

Oxidation of calix[4]semitube with Tl(OCOCF 3) 3 in TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) affords the novel redox-active ionophore calix[4]semitube diquinone. This receptor displays a remarkable selectivity preference for potassium cations over all other Group 1 metal cations, a property mirroring that of the parent calix[4]semitube, however its kinetics of complexation are relatively slow. The receptor exhibits substantial electrochemical recognition effets towards sodium and potassium cations

Protein-responsive protein release of supramolecular/polymer hydrogel composite integrating enzyme activation systems

抗体に応答してバイオ医薬を自律的に放出する機能性ゲルを開発 --体内埋め込み型の新たな医療用ソフトデバイスとして期待--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-08-03.Non-enzymatic proteins including antibodies function as biomarkers and are used as biopharmaceuticals in several diseases. Protein-responsive soft materials capable of the controlled release of drugs and proteins have potential for use in next-generation diagnosis and therapies. Here, we describe a supramolecular/agarose hydrogel composite that can release a protein in response to a non-enzymatic protein. A non-enzymatic protein-responsive system is developed by hybridization of an enzyme-sensitive supramolecular hydrogel with a protein-triggered enzyme activation set. In situ imaging shows that the supramolecular/agarose hydrogel composite consists of orthogonal domains of supramolecular fibers and agarose, which play distinct roles in protein entrapment and mechanical stiffness, respectively. Integrating the enzyme activation set with the composite allows for controlled release of the embedded RNase in response to an antibody. Such composite hydrogels would be promising as a matrix embedded in a body, which can autonomously release biopharmaceuticals by sensing biomarker proteins

Resumos concluídos - Ciências Farmacêuticas

Resumos concluídos - Ciências Farmacêutica

Resumos concluídos - Ciências Farmacêuticas

Resumos concluídos - Ciências Farmacêutica