5,900 research outputs found
Thermodynamics of Bose-Condensed Atomic Hydrogen
We study the thermodynamics of the Bose-condensed atomic hydrogen confined in
the Ioffe-Pritchard potential. Such a trapping potential, that models the
magnetic trap used in recent experiments with hydrogen, is anharmonic and
strongly anisotropic. We calculate the ground-state properties, the condensed
and non-condensed fraction and the Bose-Einstein transition temperature. The
thermodynamics of the system is strongly affected by the anharmonicity of this
external trap. Finally, we consider the possibility to detect Josephson-like
currents by creating a double-well barrier with a laser beam.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, to be published in European Physical Journal
Thermodynamics of a trapped Bose condensate with negative scattering length
We study the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) for a system of atoms,
which have negative scattering length (attractive interaction), confined in a
harmonic potential. Within the Bogoliubov and Popov approximations, we
numerically calculate the density profile for both condensate and
non-condensate fractions and the spectrum of elementary excitations. In
particular, we analyze the temperature and number-of-boson dependence of these
quantities and evaluate the BEC transition temperature . We calculate
the loss rate for inelastic two- and three-body collisions. We find that the
total loss rate is strongly dependent on the density profile of the condensate,
but this density profile does not appreciably change by increasing the thermal
fraction. Moreover, we study, using the quasi-classical Popov approximation,
the temperature dependence of the critical number of condensed bosons,
for which there is the collapse of the condensate. There are different regimes
as a function of the total number of atoms. For the condensate is
always metastable but for the condensate is metastable only for
temperatures that exceed a critical value .Comment: RevTex, 7 postscript figures, to be published in Journal of Low
Temperature Phsyic
Microbial processes and bacterial populations associated to anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewater
A pilot-scale (1.2 m3) anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) containing mineral coal for biomass attachment was fed with sulfate-rich wastewater at increasing sulfate concentrations. Ethanol was used as the main organic source. Tested COD/sulfate ratios were of 1.8 and 1.5 for sulfate loading rates of 0.65–1.90 kgSO42−/cycle (48 h-cycle) or of 1.0 in the trial with 3.0 gSO42− l−1. Sulfate removal efficiencies observed in all trials were as high as 99%. Molecular inventories indicated a shift on the microbial composition and a decrease on species diversity with the increase of sulfate concentration. Beta-proteobacteria species affiliated with Aminomonas spp. and Thermanaerovibrio spp. predominated at 1.0 gSO42− l−1. At higher sulfate concentrations the predominant bacterial group was Delta-proteobacteria mainly Desulfovibrio spp. and Desulfomicrobium spp. at 2.0 gSO42− l−1, whereas Desulfurella spp. and Coprothermobacter spp. predominated at 3.0 gSO42− l−1. These organisms have been commonly associated with sulfate reduction producing acetate, sulfide and sulfur. Methanogenic archaea (Methanosaeta spp.) was found at 1.0 and 2.0 gSO42− l−1. Additionally, a simplified mathematical model was used to infer on metabolic pathways of the biomass involved in sulfate reduction
A rocket-borne electrostatic analyzer for measurement of energetic particle flux
A rocket-borne electrostatic analyzer experiment is described. It is used to measure energetic particle flux (0.9 to 14 keV) in the nighttime midlatitude E region. Energetic particle precipitation is believed to be a significant nighttime ionization source, particularly during times of high geomagnetic activity. The experiment was designed for use in the payload of a Nike Apache sounding rocket. The electrostatic analyzer employs two cylindrical parallel plates subtending a central angle of 90 deg. The voltage waveform supplied to the plates is a series of steps synchronized to the spin of the payload during flight. Both positive and negative voltages are provided, extending the detection capabilities of the instrument to both electrons and protons (and positive ions). The development, construction and operation of the instrument is described together with a preliminary evaluation of its performance in a rocket flight
The Argentine guerrilla and the masses: the ERP and its insertion
Between 1959 and 1977, there were more than 17 armed organizations in Argentina. Beyond the success achieved, all of them proposed a combination of armed struggle and popular mobilization. To do this, they tried to carry out the so-called “mass work.” Two of them, Montoneros and PRT-ERP, were very successful in “inserting” the organization among the population as a whole. Herein, the insertion of the second of these organizations is addressed, and we postulate that guerrilla as a theme, in Argentina, was much more complex than we assume. In fact, the relationship between guerrilla and popular organization proposes that armed struggle was the result of a historical process and social demands, and not merely a conjunctural fact
Mechanical properties of woven natural fiber reinforced composites
Epoxy matrix composites reinforced with woven natural fiber were studied. Composites having fiber volume fraction greater than 55% were prepared by hand lay-up technique. For reinforcement, three different natural fibers were used, jute, flax and silk. The tensile and flexural properties were investigated and the influence of the orientation of fibers on the stiffness were analyzed. It was observed that the tensile and flexural strength of silk composites is almost equal to that of flax composite and 1.98 times that of jute composite. Moreover the stiffness of the silk composites isn't influenced by orientation of fibers. Morphological examinations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All specimens were coated with a thin layer gold alloy prior to SEM observations. A high voltage of 20 kV was used for making the micrographs. The SEM investigation was used to study the fracture surface of the tensile specimens of the composites samples. The results of this study indicate that using silk fiber as reinforcement could successfully develop a composite material in terms of high strength and stiffness to produce a bio-composites for light applications compared to conventional composites
The dust content of QSO hosts at high redshift
Infrared observations of high-z quasar (QSO) hosts indicate the presence of
large masses of dust in the early universe. When combined with other
observables, such as neutral gas masses and star formation rates, the dust
content of z~6 QSO hosts may help constraining their star formation history. We
have collected a database of 58 sources from the literature discovered by
various surveys and observed in the FIR. We have interpreted the available data
by means of chemical evolution models for forming proto-spheroids,
investigating the role of the major parameters regulating star formation and
dust production. For a few systems, given the derived small dynamical masses,
the observed dust content can be explained only assuming a top-heavy initial
mass function, an enhanced star formation efficiency and an increased rate of
dust accretion. However, the possibility that, for some systems, the dynamical
mass has been underestimated cannot be excluded. If this were the case, the
dust mass can be accounted for by standard model assumptions. We provide
predictions regarding the abundance of the descendants of QSO hosts; albeit
rare, such systems should be present and detectable by future deep surveys such
as Euclid already at z>4.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS, accepte
Thermodynamics of Multi-Component Fermi Vapors
We study the thermodynamical properties of Fermi vapors confined in a
harmonic external potential. In the case of the ideal Fermi gas, we compare
exact density profiles with their semiclassical approximation in the conditions
of recent experiments. Then, we consider the phase-separation of a
multi-component Fermi vapor. In particular, we analyze the phase-separation as
a function of temperature, number of particles and scattering length. Finally,
we discuss the effect of rotation on the stability and thermodynamics of the
trapped vapors.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, to be published in J. Phys. B (Atom. Mol.) as a
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