Protective Efficacy of Menthol Propylene Glycol Carbonate Compared to N, N-diethyl-Methylbenzamide Against Mosquito Bites in Northern Tanzania.

The reduction of malaria parasite transmission by preventing human-vector contact is critical in lowering disease transmission and its outcomes. This underscores the need for effective and long lasting arthropod/insect repellents. Despite the reduction in malaria transmission and outcomes in Tanzania, personal protection against mosquito bites is still not well investigated. This study sought to determine the efficacy of menthol propylene glycol carbonate (MR08), Ocimum suave as compared to the gold standard repellent N, N-diethyl-methylbenzamide (DEET), either as a single dose or in combination (blend), both in the laboratory and in the field against Anopheles gambiae s.l and Culex quinquefasciatus. In the laboratory evaluations, repellents were applied on one arm while the other arm of the same individual was treated with a base cream. Each arm was separately exposed in cages with unfed female mosquitoes. Repellents were evaluated either as a single dose or as a blend. Efficacy of each repellent was determined by the number of mosquitoes that landed and fed on treated arms as compared to the control or among them. In the field, evaluations were performed by human landing catches at hourly intervals from 18:00  hr to 01:00  hr. A total of 2,442 mosquitoes were collected during field evaluations, of which 2,376 (97.30%) were An. gambiae s.l while 66 (2.70%) were Cx. quinquefaciatus. MR08 and DEET had comparatively similar protective efficacy ranging from 92% to 100 for both single compound and blends. These findings indicate that MR08 has a similar protective efficacy as DEET for personal protection outside bed nets when used singly and in blends. Because of the personal protection provided by MR08, DEET and blends as topical applicants in laboratory and field situations, these findings suggest that, these repellents could be used efficiently in the community to complement existing tools. Overall, Cx. quinquefasciatus were significantly prevented from blood feeding compared to An. gambiae s.l. The incorporation of these topical repellents for protection against insect bites can be of additional value in the absence or presence of IRS and ITNs coverage. However, a combination of both the physical (bed nets) and the repellent should be used in an integrated manner for maximum protection, especially before going to bed. Additional research is needed to develop repellents with longer duration of protection

"Sistema Poseidon" a volcanic and seismic monitoring system for eastern Sicily, Italy

Sistema Poseidon began as a project promoted by the Department of Civil Protection, in collaboration with the National Institute for Geophysics (ING) and National Group of VoIcanology (GNV-CNR), The project had several ambitious objectives; to build and maintain a seismic network in eastern Sicily; to investigate possible earthquake and eruption precursors; and to perform research on volcanic activity in Sicily. Sistema Poseidon became operative in 1999 through the collaboration of the following bodies: Department for National Technical Service (DSTN), Department of Civil Protection (DPC) and Sicilian Regional Government. The complete monitoring system includes geophysical and geochemical networks and volcanological observations, The system is organized through different centres, located strategically throughout eastern Sicily (Nicolosi, Catania, Messina and Priolo Gargallo). As well as the research centres there are two volcano observatories (Etna and Lipari) and two operational centres (Strombdi and CUAD). The Unified Centre for Data Acquisition (CUAD) performs on line multidisciplinary data acquisition and processing. Qualified operators (researchers and technicians) monitor the measured parameters 24 hours per day, every day. Information is transmitted to local and national civil defence authorities for any events which may have an impact on society.PublishedAuckland (NZ)5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenzeope

BDES1020 'continuous city' <Poseidon Jiayue Zhao>

The Holiest and one of the oldest cities on earth – Jerusalem Inspiration and Concept: Ancient Books, Water and Rough Linen Aim: Watering books by reading them Being watered by reading them Design Identity : Very Thick walls -- We Cant see it, but we can feel it -- Peter Zumthor Water fit into the wall -- Use as Façade as well as controlling temperature. Water wall at inside of the wall -- Sense of Moving yet quietly. Check Shape Façade -- Simple yet elegant. Very High Ceiling -- We need Space to THINK. of Smooth Glass and Rough walls -- Contradiction get people THIN

Oceanic wind speed and wave height

Note high correlation between Wind Speed and wave height. Maximum wind speed is 15 m/s or 45 km/hr. Maximum waves are 6 m. Calm seas return strong RADAR pulse (wind speed). Rough seas return stretched pulse (wave height)

"Sistema Poseidon" a volcanic and seismic monitoring system for eastern Sicily, Italy

Sistema Poseidon began as a project promoted by the Department of Civil Protection, in collaboration with the National Institute for Geophysics (ING) and National Group of VoIcanology (GNV-CNR), The project had several ambitious objectives; to build and maintain a seismic network in eastern Sicily; to investigate possible earthquake and eruption precursors; and to perform research on volcanic activity in Sicily. Sistema Poseidon became operative in 1999 through the collaboration of the following bodies: Department for National Technical Service (DSTN), Department of Civil Protection (DPC) and Sicilian Regional Government. The complete monitoring system includes geophysical and geochemical networks and volcanological observations, The system is organized through different centres, located strategically throughout eastern Sicily (Nicolosi, Catania, Messina and Priolo Gargallo). As well as the research centres there are two volcano observatories (Etna and Lipari) and two operational centres (Strombdi and CUAD). The Unified Centre for Data Acquisition (CUAD) performs on line multidisciplinary data acquisition and processing. Qualified operators (researchers and technicians) monitor the measured parameters 24 hours per day, every day. Information is transmitted to local and national civil defence authorities for any events which may have an impact on society

[Tools & Data] IUU Fishing Index

Provides a 1 to 5 score on the degree to which states are exposed to and effectively combat IUU fishing

The legendary topography of Athens: ottoman monuments and national narratives

This piece discusses the Ottoman-era monuments that survive in the City of Athens today, and how their survival relates to ongoing discussions of greek national identity.It discusses first the monuments themselves, focusing on two surviving mosques, the Fethiye Cami and Tzisdarakis Mosque, the Hamam of Abid Efendi, and a few other remnants. The discussion is situated within a theoretical framework of collective memory, based on the work of Maurice Halbwachs, and examines the way a built environment interacts with and is shaped by/shapes identities. Ultimately it is argued that the monuments that remain in Athens have been instrumentalised in various ways so they do not present a challenge to dominant understandings of greek national identity, but have been decontextualized so they fit safely into the prevailing narrative. The first chapter is an examination of the way a national ideology was constructed in the early days of the Greek state. The focus on classical Greece led to a prioritisation of ancient remains and the creation of a material environment that reflected the &quot;purity&quot; of Greece&apos;s supposed heritage. This meant that Ottoman and Venetian, and in some cases Byzantine as well, remains were removed to support the ideology of modern Greece as the direct descendant of classical Greece. The role of the city of Athens made this process even more important, since the new capital was chosen for its connection to the classical past. Deliberate efforts were made, especially on the Acropolis, to remove traces from Ottoman and Venetian constructions. Other areas, such as Anafiotika and the Ancient Agora, also demonstrate the degree to which the built environment in the centre of Athens can impact discussions of national identity and indeed reflect the way all non-classical remnants were sometimes considered inappropriate for the capital of the Greek state. The discussion of the monuments themselves further demonstrates the way these specific constructions have been transformed so that they do not threaten the ideal of the Greek state. After an examination of the rehabilitation of Byzantium, and the presentation of a &quot;continuous&quot; Greek past in the Benaki Museum that sidelines Ottoman and Venetian &quot;occupation&quot;, it is clear that the urban landscape of Athens has been deliberately constructed