Productivity in seeds of the green bean produced under conventional and organic systems

Two experiments were carried out during 2016 at the Anápolis Experimental Station of EMATER in the State of Goiás, with the aim of studying the yield of seeds of 18 strains and two indeterminate cultivars of the green bean, one experiment under a conventional system and the other under an organic system. A randomized block experimental design was used, with twenty treatments and three replications, to evaluate the mean number of seeds per pod (NSP), 100-seed weight (100SW) and productivity (PROD). Under the conventional system, the 100SW ranged from 19.3 to 25.0 grams. The highest productivity was achieved with the UEG 0212, UEG 0212, UEG 0712 and UEG 3014 strains, which were superior to the other strains, including the controls. Under the organic system, there was a range of 6.66 to 8.33 for the NSP, while for the 100SW, the range was from 23 to 32 grams. The UEG 0212, UEG 1012, UEG 2014 and UEG 3014 strains, all with cylindrical pods and white seeds, can be used as alternatives for planting, being superior to the ‘Favorito’ cultivar and equal to the ‘Macarrão Bragança’ cultivar, whereas UEG 1112 and UEG 0714, with cylindrical pods and cream-colored seeds, can be used as dual-adapted cultivars, with green pods and dry grain that can be used as end-of-cycle pods if there are defects that are not accepted by the market

AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA NO LEITE DE VACA in natura E PASTEURIZADO COMERCIALIZADO NA CIDADE DE TUCURUÍ, PARÁ

The objective of this work is to evaluate microbiological parameters of milk and veal marketed in the city of Tucuruí, in the state of Pará. To this, were made analysis of total coliform, coliform organisms, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus spp. of 14 samples (seven pasteurized and seven in natura). The methods used for the microbiological analysis were according to Resolution RDC nº 12, of January 2, 2001 of the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance, in line with the parameters proposed by the American Public Health Association. For total coliforms, the pasteurized milk presented six samples with values of <0,3 NMP/mL and only one with value 20 NMP/mL; already the milk in natura presented values that varied between 43 NMP/ mL to 1100 NMP/mL. For coliform organisms, all of the samples of milk pasteurized were with the value <0,3 NM/mL; for samples of milk in natura, the values were between <0,3 NMP/mL and 1100 NMP/mL. For Salmonella, of the 14 samples analyzed, only one of milk in natura showed positive result for this parameter. For Staphylococcus spp., only three samples of pasteurized milk were positive, with results of 2x10 UFC/mL to 8x10 UFC/mL; for the milk in natura, all of the samples were positive, with results between 2,5x102 UFC/mL to 8,8x104. With this, the results indicate that there is still need for improvement in the standardization of this raw material and in the techniques even more effective handling of milk in the municipality of Tucuruí, Pará.Keywords: Hygiene; Standardization; Beef.Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os parâmetros microbiológicos do leite bovino comercializado na cidade de Tucuruí, no estado do Pará. Para isso, foram feitas análises de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, Salmonella sp. e Staphylococcus spp. de 14 amostras (sete pasteurizadas e sete in natura). Os métodos aplicados para as análises microbiológicas foram segundo a Resolução RDC nº 12, de 2 de janeiro de 2001 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, em consonância com os parâmetros propostos pela American Public Health Association. Para coliformes totais, o leite pasteurizado apresentou seis amostras com valores de <0,3 NMP/mL e somente uma com valor de 20 NMP/mL; já o leite in natura apresentou valores que variaram entre 43 NMP/ mL à 1100 NMP/mL. Para coliformes termotolerantes, todas as amostras de leite pasteurizados estavam com o valor <0,3 NM/mL; para amostras de leite in natura, os valores ficaram entre <0,3 NMP/mL e 1100 NMP/mL. Para Salmonella, das 14 amostras analisadas, somente uma de leite in natura demonstrou resultado positivo para este parâmetro. Para Staphylococcus spp., somente três amostras de leite pasteurizado foram positivas, com resultados de 2x10 UFC/mL a 8x10 UFC/mL; para o leite in natura, todas as amostras foram positivas, com resultados entre 2,5x102 UFC/mL à 8,8x104. Com isso, os resultados indicam que ainda há necessidade de melhoramento na padronização dessa matéria-prima e em técnicas ainda mais eficazes de manipulação do leite no município de Tucuruí, Pará.Palavras-chave: Higienização, padronização, bovinocultura

The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87

In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3−3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30° relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5 × 109 M⊙. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet

An integrated assessment of water quality in a land reform settlement in northern Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

The Zumbi dos Palmares land reform settlement lacks modern facilities for water and sewage treatment. Local farmers often use shallow wells as alternative source of water supply, because the water table is reasonably high in the region. This work presents a multivariate analysis assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters and pesticide residues in water samples collected from these shallow wells. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: conductivity, pH, DOC (dissolved organic carbon), nitrate, turbidity, and bacteriological analysis measuring total and fecal coliforms. The results show non-compliance with Brazilian legal standards in most samples where low pH values were found, characterizing the presence of acidic waters. Another example of non-compliance is the presence of total and fecal coliforms in for drinking water in most of the samples and, in some cases, very high values (2,400 CFU). Some wells showed high conductivity values, probably associated with a history of oceanic intrusion. Analyses determining the contamination by pesticides show the presence of ametrine, atrazine, methyl parathion, carbaryl and hexazinone. The concentration for these compounds ranged from 0.14 to 1.17 μg/L. Ordinance No 2914/2011 from the Brazilian Ministry of Health establishes the acceptable limits for atrazine and methyl parathion as 9 μg L−1 and 2 μg L−1. None of these exceeded the allowable Brazilian and European limits. However, for the other two pesticides, the European Legislation (Council Directive) recommends the maximum allowable concentration of 0.1 μg L−1 and, 0.5 μg L−1 for total pesticides. Our samples that were above the quantifiable limit of 50 ng L−1, were also above the European limit values. Our results therefore suggest that water gathered from shallow wells at the Zumbi dos Palmares settlement is not proper for consumption without proper disinfection treatments

SMOS L3 Surface Soil Moisture binned maps at 25 km EASE-2 (V.4.0) [Dataset]

Data acquisition: Satellite: ESA SMOS mission (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity). Filenames: BEC_SM____SMOS__GLO_L3__X_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS_025km_TT_____v4.0.nc, being: - X the half-orbit type (A for ascending and D for descending), - YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS the central date (year, month, day, hour, minute and second) in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the period covered by the file, - TT: indicates the temporal coverage of the data file (1d, 3d, 9d, 1m and 1y for daily, 3 days, 9 days, 1 month and 1 year, respectively). Sensor: Satellite SMOS / MIRAS. Spatial resolution: 25 km x 25 km. Spatial grid: WGS_84 / EASE2_M25kmImprovement of the current SMOS soil moisture products produced by the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) and development of new added-value products and/or applications over landINTERACT. Enfoques sinergéticos para una nueva generación de productos y aplicaciones de observación de la Tierra (PID2020-114623RB-C31). Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación a través de PN2020 - PROY I+D+I – Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad – Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020· Surface soil moisture (SM) · Data quality index of surface soil moisture (SM_DQX) · Variance of surface soil moisture (SM_VARIANCE) · Number of L2 soil moisture measures (N_SM) · Vegetation optical depth at nadir (VOD) · Data quality index of vegetation optical depth at nadir (VOD_DQX) · Variance of vegetation optical depth at nadir (VOD_VARIANCE) · Number of L2 vegetation optical depth measures (N_VOD) · Time (time) · Latitude (lat) · Longitude (lon) · Coordinate reference system (crs)Peer reviewe

SMOS L4 Surface Soil Moisture downscaled maps at 1 km EASE-2 (reprocessed mode) (V.6.1) [Dataset]

Data acquisition: Satellite: ESA SMOS mission (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), ECMWF skin temperature at 12 UTC and 16-dayTerra MODIS NDVI version 6.1 Filenames: BEC_SM____SMOS__EUM_L4__X_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS_001km_1d_REP_v6.1.nc, being: - X the half-orbit type (A for ascending and D for descending), - YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS the central date (year, month, day, hour, minute and second) in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the period covered by the file. Time resolution: Daily. Maps frequency generation: Daily. Sensor: Satellite SMOS / MIRAS. Spatial resolution: 1 km x 1 km. Spatial grid: WGS_84 / EASE2_M01kmImprovement of the current SMOS soil moisture products produced by the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) and development of new added-value products and/or applications over land.INTERACT. Enfoques sinergéticos para una nueva generación de productos y aplicaciones de observación de la Tierra (PID2020-114623RB-C31). Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación a través de PN2020 - PROY I+D+I – Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad – Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020.· Surface soil moisture (SM) · Quality flag of surface soil moisture (quality_flag) · Time (time) · Latitude (lat) · Longitude (lon) · Coordinate reference system (crs)Peer reviewe