Acute DOB and PMA Administration Impairs Motor and Sensorimotor Responses in Mice and Causes Hallucinogenic Effects in Adult Zebrafish

The drastic increase in hallucinogenic compounds in illicit drug markets of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is a worldwide threat. Among these, 2, 5-dimetoxy-4-bromo-amphetamine (DOB) and paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA; marketed as "ecstasy") are frequently purchased on the dark web and consumed for recreational purposes during rave/dance parties. In fact, these two substances seem to induce the same effects as MDMA, which could be due to their structural similarities. According to users, DOB and PMA share the same euphoric effects: increasing of the mental state, increasing sociability and empathy. Users also experienced loss of memory, temporal distortion, and paranoia following the repetition of the same thought. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the acute systemic administration of DOB and PMA (0.01-30 mg/kg; i.p.) on motor, sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and tactile), and startle/PPI responses in CD-1 male mice. Moreover, the pro-psychedelic effect of DOB (0.075-2 mg/kg) and PMA (0.0005-0.5 mg/kg) was investigated by using zebrafish as a model. DOB and PMA administration affected spontaneous locomotion and impaired behaviors and startle/PPI responses in mice. In addition, the two compounds promoted hallucinatory states in zebrafish by reducing the hallucinatory score and swimming activity in hallucinogen-like states

Score de complejidad quirúrgica como predictor de infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugías dentoalveolares

Introduction: Postoperative surgical site infections represent one of the most frequent complications related to health care and can increase morbidity and mortality, in addition to increasing treatment costs. Objectives: This study evaluated surgical site infections incidence after dentoalveolar surgeries of retained third molars. The article presents the development of a surgical complexity score that can be used as a predictive method for surgical site infections risk in dentoalveolar surgeries. Methodology: In this cross-sectional observational study, the sample was obtained for convenience, from medical records of patients diagnosed with tooth retention and who underwent dentoalveolar surgery of third molars, from 2015 to 2020. Demographic variables of patients, characteristics of the surgery and information regarding the diagnosis of surgical site infections in the postoperative period were collected. Results: A total of 360 medical records were analyzed, with 59 surgical site infection cases diagnosed (16.4%). There was a statistical difference (p<0.05) in the bivariate analysis correlating infection with time of procedure, type of incision and performance of ostectomy and tooth sectioning. Logistic regression analysis to identify the probability of infection showed no significance for any of the individual variables, except when they are combined composing the surgical complexity score, which was then significantly higher in surgical site infections cases. Conclusions: The surgical complexity score developed can be a new predictive tool for the occurrence of surgical site infections in dentoalveolar surgeries, taking into account that the greater the complexity of surgery, the greater risk.Introdução: As infecções pós-operatórias de sítio cirúrgico representam uma das complicações mais frequentes relacionadas à assistência à saúde e podem aumentar a morbimortalidade, além de elevar os custos do tratamento. Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou a incidência de infecções de sítio cirúrgico após cirurgias dentoalveolares de terceiros molares retidos. O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um escore de complexidade cirúrgica que pode ser utilizado como método preditivo do risco de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias dentoalveolares. Metodologia: Neste Research, Society and Development, v. 12, n. 7, e5612742391, 2023 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42391 2 estudo observacional transversal, a amostra foi obtida por conveniência, a partir das histórias clínicas de pacientes com diagnóstico de retenção dentária e que foram submetidos à cirurgia dentoalveolar de terceiros molares, no período de 2015 a 2020. Variáveis demográficas dos pacientes, características da cirurgia e informações sobre o diagnóstico de infecções pós-operatórias do sítio cirúrgico foram coletadas. Resultados: Foram analisados 360 prontuários, sendo diagnosticados 59 casos de infecção de sítio cirúrgico (16,4%). Houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) na análise bivariada que correlacionou a infecção com o tempo do procedimento, o tipo de incisão e a realização da ostectomia e odontossecção. A análise de regressão logística para identificar a probabilidade de infecção não mostrou significância para nenhuma das variáveis individualmente, exceto quando combinadas para compor o escore de complexidade cirúrgica, que foi significativamente maior para infecções de sítio cirúrgico. Conclusões: O escore de complexidade cirúrgica desenvolvido pode ser uma nova ferramenta preditiva para a ocorrência de infecções de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias dentoalveolares, tendo em vista que quanto maior a complexidade da cirurgia, maior o risco.Introducción: Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico posoperatorio representan una de las complicaciones más frecuentes relacionadas con el cuidado de la salud y pueden aumentar la morbimortalidad, además de incrementar los costos del tratamiento. Objetivos: Este estudio evaluó la incidencia de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico después de cirugías dentoalveolares de terceros molares retenidos. El artículo presenta el desarrollo de un score de complejidad quirúrgica que puede ser utilizado como método predictivo del riesgo de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en cirugías dentoalveolares. Metodología: En este estudio observacional de corte transversal, la muestra se obtuvo por conveniencia, de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de retención dental y que se sometieron a cirugía dentoalveolar de terceros molares, del 2015 al 2020. Variables demográficas de los pacientes, características de la cirugía y se recolectó información sobre el diagnóstico de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en el postoperatorio. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 360 historias clínicas, diagnosticándose 59 casos de infección del sitio quirúrgico (16,4%). Hubo diferencia estadística (p<0,05) en el análisis bivariado que correlacionó la infección con el tiempo del procedimiento, el tipo de incisión y la realización de la ostectomía y la odontosección. El análisis de regresión logística para identificar la probabilidad de infección no mostró significación para ninguna de las variables individuales, excepto cuando se combinan para componer el puntaje de complejidad quirúrgica, que luego fue significativamente mayor en los casos de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. Conclusiones: El score de complejidad quirúrgica desarrollado puede ser una nueva herramienta predictiva para la ocurrencia de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en cirugías dentoalveolares, teniendo en cuenta que a mayor complejidad de la cirugía mayor riesgo

TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO DE ODONTOMA COMPLEXO EM MANDÍBULA COM O AUXÍLIO DE MOTOR ULTRASSÔNICO

O odontoma é o tipo mais comum dos tumores odontogênicos, sua composição é, principalmente, de esmalte e dentina, com quantidade variável de polpa e cemento

Influence of surgical ultrasound used in the detachment of flaps, osteotomy and odontosection in lower third molar surgeries. A prospective, randomized, and ?split-mouth? clinical study

As third molar surgery is the most commonly procedure performed in Dentistry and has been accompanied by serious postoperative disorders such as pain, edema and trismus, the study aimed to evaluate if ultrasound device would be able to reduce such postoperative features. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of soft tissue flap elevation, osteotomy and odontosection using piezosurgery versus conventional technique in mandibular third molar extractions. Twenty patients with impacted mandibular third molars underwent tooth extractions using two different methods. Ten patients were included in the Piezo Flap Group (PFG - the flap was elevated using piezosurgery) and ten patients were part of the Piezo Ostectomy Group (POG - osteotomy and odontosection were carried out with ultrasound tips). The contralateral tooth was included in the Control Group (CG - conventional technique). The patients were evaluated at postoperative periods of 1, 3, 7 and 14-days. The measured parameters were duration of surgery, pain, trismus and swelling. The mean duration of surgery for the PFG was 17.21 minutes (CG 10.07 minutes) and POG was 40.09 minutes (CG 15.97 minutes). There was no statistically significant difference in pain and trismus for any of the postoperative periods evaluated in PFG and POG (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in swelling between the PFG and POG, presenting less swelling at the 3-day postoperative period (p=0.038; p0.05). Piezosurgery for tissue elevation of the surgical flap, osteotomy and dental sectioning in mandibular third molar extraction surgery promoted less edema in the early postoperative stages in mandibular third molar extractions despite the longer surgical duration

Efectos de la estimulación de corriente continua transcraneal (tDCS) sobre las citoquinas pro-inflamatorias : una revisión sistemática

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that causes alterations in the synthesis of several proteins, including cytokines (e.g.,Interleukins). Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with the presence of pain and their reduction occurs in several pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tDCS on the variation of tissue and serum blood levelsof pro-inflammatory cytokines and its relationship with behavioral changes, through a systematic review. PubMed, Embase and Lilacs database searches were performed for articles published in all languages before October 1, 2020. The search was based on the keywords "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation" or "tDCS" and "IL-1alpha " or "IL-1Beta" or "IL-6" or "IL-8" or "IL-17" or "Tumoralnecrosis factor alpha" or "TNF-alpha". The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021283417). Initially, 416 studies were identified in the electronic databases, of which 40 were eliminated because they were duplicates. Of the remaining 376, 358 were excluded after analyzing the title and abstract (selection stage) and 09 were excluded after a complete reading. Nine studies were considered for evaluation. The results demonstrate that tDCS can alter the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modify behaviors in animals, however these findings are variable.Still, the cause and effect relationship between cytokine levels and behavioral changes found was not conclusive. Further studies are needed to establish the mechanisms involved in the action of tDCS on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.A estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) é uma técnica de neuromodulaçãoqueinduzalterações na síntese de várias proteinas, incluindo as citocinas (ex. interleucinas). As citocinaspró-inflamatórias, estãoassociadasà presença de dor,e aalteração dos seus níveisocorreem diversas patologias. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar os efeitos da ETCC na variação dos níveis teciduais e sanguíneos de citocinaspró-inflamatórias esua relação comalterações comportamentais, atravésde uma revisão sistemática. Foram realizadas buscas nasbases de dados PubMed, Embase e Lilacs para artigos publicados em todos os idiomas antes de 1º de outubro de 2020. A busca foi baseada nas palavras-chave "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation" ou “tDCS”e "IL-1alpha" ou "IL-1Beta" ou "IL-6" ou "IL-8" ou "IL-17" ou "Tumoral necrosis factor alpha" ou "TNF-alpha".O protocolo de revisão sistemática foi registrado no PROSPERO (CRD42021283417).Foram identificados 416 estudos nas bases de dados eletrônicas, 40 foram eliminados por serem duplicados. Dos 376 restantes, 358 foram excluídos após análise do título e do resumo (etapa de seleção) e outros 09 após a leitura completa.Desta forma, nove estudosforam considerados para avaliação.Os resultados sugeremque aETCCpode alteraros níveis de citocinaspró-inflamatóriase modificarcomportamentosem animais, no entanto estes achados são variáveis.Ainda, arelação de causae efeito entreos níveis decitocinas e as alterações comportamentaisencontradasnão foram conclusivas. Novos estudos são necessários para que sejam estabelecidosos mecanismos envolvidos naação da ETCCsobre os niveis decitocinas pró-inflamatórias.La estimulación con corriente continua transcraneal (tDCS) es una técnica de neuromodulación que provoca alteraciones en la síntesis de varias proteínas, incluidas las citocinas (por ejemplo, las interleucinas). Las citocinas proinflamatorias se asocian con la presencia de dolor y su reducción ocurre en diversas patologías. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de tDCS en la variación de los niveles tisulares y sanguíneos de citocinas proinflamatorias y su relación con los cambios de comportamiento, a través de una revisión sistemática. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase y Lilacs de artículos publicados en todos los idiomas antes del 1 de octubre de 2020. La búsqueda se basó en las palabras clave "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation" o "tDCS" y "IL-1alpha" o "IL-1Beta" o "IL-6" o "IL-8" o "IL-17" o "ou\"Tumoral necrosis factor alpha" o "TNF-alpha". El protocolo de revisión sistemática se registró en PROSPERO (CRD42021283417). Inicialmente se identificaron 416 estudios en las bases de datoselectrónicas, de los cuales 40 fueron eliminados por estar duplicados. De los 376 restantes, 358 fueron excluidos después del análisis del título y el resumen (etapa de selección) y 09 fueron excluidos después de la lectura completa. Nueve estudios fueronconsiderados para evaluación. Los resultados demuestran que tDCS puede alterar los niveles de citoquinas proinflamatorias y modificar comportamientos en animales, sin embargo, estos hallazgos son variables. Aún así, la relación de causa y efecto entre losniveles de citoquinas y los cambios de comportamiento encontrados no fue concluyente. Se necesitan más estudios para establecer los mecanismos implicados en la acción de tDCS sobre los niveles de citocinas proinflamatorias

731. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Transfer and Integration Site Analysis in Tumor-Prone Mice Uncovers Low Genotoxicity of Lentiviral Vector Integration

Insertional mutagenesis represents a major hurdle to successful gene therapy and mandates for sensitive pre-clinical assays of genotoxicity. Cdkn2a|[minus]|/|[minus]| mice are defective for p53 and Rb pathways, and are susceptible to a broad range of cancer-triggering genetic lesions. We exploited the sensitivity of these tumor-prone mice to develop an in-vivo genotoxicity assay, based on transplantation of Cdkn2a|[minus]|/|[minus]| hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), treated or not with prototypical retroviral (RV) and lentiviral (LV) vectors. In our rationale if RV or LV treatment is genotoxic, then transplanted mice will show a significantly earlier tumor onset. The sensitivity of the model was shown by the ability to detect a vector dose-dependent acceleration in tumor onset in mice transplanted with RV-treated cells. Such acceleration, as in previous studies, is consequent to genetic lesions, produced by vector integration, that cooperate with the germ-line mutation, and is contingent on LTR activity