Growth of fresh-water prawn Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) juveniles fed isoproteic diets substituting fish meal by soya bean meal

Growth parameters (standard length, weight, specific growth rate and daily weight gain) of prawn Macrobrachium tenellum juveniles fed 40% crude protein isoproteic diets substituting fish meal with soya bean meal at various levels (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) were evaluated for 45 days under laboratory conditions. Experimental diets were compared with a 100% fish meal based diet. Total survival was recorded for all the treatments at the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) for all the growth parameters among the dietary treatments. The initial mean weight (0.36 &plusmn; 0.10 g) increased almost three times (1.00 &plusmn; 0.13 g) after 45 days. The final specific growth fluctuated from 1.82% BW/d for the 60% soya bean meal inclusion diet, to 2.62% for the 100% fish meal diet. The mean final survival was 91.66%. Growth performance of M. tenellum juveniles was not affected by the dietary soya bean meal levels tested.<br>Os parâmetros do crescimento (comprimento padrão, peso, taxa de crescimento específica e ganho diário do peso) de juveniles do Macrobrachium tenellum alimentaram a 40% a proteína crua as dietas isoproteic que substituem a refeição de peixes com feijão de soya a refeição nos vários níveis (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100%) foi avaliada por 45 dias sob condições do laboratório. As dietas experimentais foram comparadas com uma dieta baseada da refeição de peixes de 100%. A sobrevivência total foi gravada para todos os tratamentos no fim da experiência. Não havia nenhuma diferença significativa (p > 0.05) para todos os parâmetros do crescimento entre os tratamentos dietéticos. O peso médio inicial (0.36 &plusmn; 0.10 g) aumentado quase três vezes (1.00 &plusmn; 0.13 g) após 45 dias da cultura. O crescimento específico final flutuou de 1.82% BW/d para a dieta do inclusion da refeição do feijão de soya de 60%, a 2.62% obtidos para a dieta da refeição de peixes de 100%. A sobrevivência final média foi de 91.66%. O desempenho do crescimento de juveniles do M. tenellum não foi afetado pelos níveis dietéticos da refeição do feijão de soya testados

Survey on the use of premix insulin analogues in diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 in Mexico [Encuesta sobre el uso de premezclas de an�logos de insulinas en pacientes con diabetes en M�xico]

Background: There are several publications related to the use of premixed insulin analogs in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus, however, there was no information about its use in the Mexican clinical practice. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted to 48 physicians experts in Diabetes Mellitus. They were endocrinologists (62%), Internists (32) and diabetologists (6%). Results: Twenty-four percent of the specialists pointed out that more than half of the patients who consult by the first time do not respond to treatment with oral hypoglycemic medication. A high number of patients treated with insulin reach glycemic control goals. Most of the experts treat more than half of their patients with insulin. Sixty-six percent of the experts use premixed insulin analogs in their patients with type 1 Diabetes, and a high percentage use them in type 2 Diabetes. Most of the expert physicians recommend the use of premixed insulin analogs as the first line treatment in their patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Conclusions: Premixed insulin analogs are widely accepted by patients because they offer a complete coverage of their metabolic requirements, reducing the number of daily injections. In type 1 Diabetes, premixed insulin analogs will be used to improve metabolic control and to strengthen compliance. This document describes the use of premixed insulin analogs in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico

Survey on the use of premix insulin analogues in diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 in Mexico [Encuesta sobre el uso de premezclas de análogos de insulinas en pacientes con diabetes en México]

Background: There are several publications related to the use of premixed insulin analogs in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus, however, there was no information about its use in the Mexican clinical practice. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted to 48 physicians experts in Diabetes Mellitus. They were endocrinologists (62%), Internists (32) and diabetologists (6%). Results: Twenty-four percent of the specialists pointed out that more than half of the patients who consult by the first time do not respond to treatment with oral hypoglycemic medication. A high number of patients treated with insulin reach glycemic control goals. Most of the experts treat more than half of their patients with insulin. Sixty-six percent of the experts use premixed insulin analogs in their patients with type 1 Diabetes, and a high percentage use them in type 2 Diabetes. Most of the expert physicians recommend the use of premixed insulin analogs as the first line treatment in their patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Conclusions: Premixed insulin analogs are widely accepted by patients because they offer a complete coverage of their metabolic requirements, reducing the number of daily injections. In type 1 Diabetes, premixed insulin analogs will be used to improve metabolic control and to strengthen compliance. This document describes the use of premixed insulin analogs in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico