Güzel sanatlar liselerinde temel tasarım dersinin gerekliliği ve önemi

Art comprises every way that leads to a person’s revealing any perceived situation. As for design, it is an image which is generated in the mind either of an object with a plan or in the object’s generation stage. In arts education, in order to direct the intended creativity light, certain methods are needed to be taught. These methods can be introduced with the Basic Design Lesson. The purpose of the Basic Design Lesson is to gain skills of recognition of techniques, tools and materials which are needed to be used in the beginning of the design stage until the end and regulation of these instruments to attain an appearance. This lesson aims to provide the means of discipline for the individuals who will make a design with accurate observation, research, and easy problem-solving skills. Additionally, Basic Design Lesson is an important tool for individuals to develop skills under the guidance of certain rules and with an artistic disposition, providing them with vision and awareness of visuality and use these together accordingly. The sooner an individual who is educated in arts meets the required basic training, the quicker this individual will reveal the talent inside, advancing in the development and reflect his/her own light. Due to lack of Basic Design Lessons in existing Fine Arts High Schools in Turkey, the graduates of these schools may have to face difficulties in design on their future educations. However, it’s obvious that the sooner the basis of design is established, the better it becomes. The lack of Basic Design Lessons in Fine Arts High Schools in Turkey constitutes the problem of this study. The study is attempted to be described via scanning of indexes and abstracts of scientific publications. In the light of the findings acquired from the scientific data, the result of the necessity of the Basic Design Lesson is deduced and relevant suggestions are made.Sanat eğitimi yaratıcılık eğitimidir.Okutulan derslerde genel olarak öğrencilerin yaratıcılığını ön plana çıkarmaya çalışmak,güzel sanatlar eğitimi için bir ilke olmalıdır.Genel olarak tasarım ve mimarlık gibi fakültelerde okutulan temel tasarım dersini alan öğrencilerin,güzel sanatlar liselerinde böyle bir dersle karşılaşmadıkları için yaşadıkları sorun azımsanamayacak kadar büyüktür. Yaratıcılığın içinde, sanatta yeni ve özgün bir şey yaratmak bütünselliğine ulaşmak için algı da önemli rol oynar Wernher Von Braun “bilinen şeyleri, yeni biçimde kullanmak, şimdiye kadar olduğundan başka biçimde birleştirmektir” diyor. Bundan şu anlaşılıyor ki yaratıcılık üzerine araştırma yapanlar farklı sözcükler de kullansalar içerik olarak birbirine yakın tanımlar yapıyorlar. Temel tasarım dersinde kullanılan materyaller aslında günlük hayatta hemen herkesin karşılaştığı objelerdir.Amaç bu tarz bilinen objelerden düşüncelerinizi yansıtacak yeni bir şey yaratmaktır.Ve bu aktif hayal gücünü ve yaratıcılığı geliştirmektedir.Ancak Güzel sanatlar liselerinde böyle bir dersin yer almaması bir sorundur.Bu sorunun nasıl çözüleceği ile ilgili kapsamlı bir araştırma yapılmış ve çözüm odaklı yapılması gerekenler sıralanmıştır

Effects of sulfasalazine on lipid peroxidation and histologic liver damage in a rat model of obstructive jaundice and obstructive jaundice with lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis

AbstractBackground: Sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), has been found to alleviate oxidative damage, proinflammatory cytokine production, bile-duct proliferation, neutrophil infiltration, and fibrosis. Therefore, it may have a potential effect in attenuating lipid peroxidation and histologic liver damage in patients with biliary obstruction and biliary obstruction with sepsis.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfasalazine on lipid peroxidation and histologic liver damage due to obstructive jaundice (OJ) and to OJ with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in an experimental model.Methods: Male Wistar rats, weighing 150 to 220 g, were randomized into 6 groups: OJ; OJ + LPS; OJ + sulfasalazine; OJ + sulfasalazine + LPS (sulfasalazine administered before sepsis); OJ + LPS + sulfasalazine (sulfasalazine administered after sepsis); and sham. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were assessed to monitor lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration in liver tissue. Histologic liver damage was evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. Liver tissue NF-κB and caspase-3 expression were studied immunohistopathologically to evaluate lipid peroxidation, liver damage, and hepatocyte apoptosis.Results: Forty-eight rats were evenly randomized into 6 groups of 8. MDA (P = 0.001), MPO (P = 0.001), NF-κB (P = 0.003), caspase-3 expression (P = 0.002), and liver injury scores (P = 0.002) increased significantly in the OJ group compared with the sham group. Compared with the OJ group, MDA (P = 0.030) and MPO levels (P = 0.001), and liver injury scores (P = 0.033) were decreased significantly in the OJ + sulfasalazine group. In the OJ + sulfasalazine + LPS and OJ + LPS + sulfasalazine groups, MDA (P = 0.008 and P = 0.023, respectively) and MPO (both, P = 0.001) were significantly decreased; however, liver NF-κB, caspase-3 expression, and liver injury scores were not significantly different compared with the OJ + LPS group. There was no significant difference between the OJ + LPS + sulfasalazine and OJ + sulfasalazine + LPS groups in regard to all end points when comparing the effects of sulfasalazine administered before or after sepsis.Conclusions: Sulfasalazine was associated with decreased neutrophil accumulation and lipid peroxidation in these rats with OJ. Administration of sulfasalazine before or after LPS-induced sepsis was associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation and neutrophil accumulation; however, it did not attenuate histologic liver damage. There was no difference between the findings when sulfasalazine was administered before or after sepsis in OJ

Epigenetic-focused CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies (absent, small, or homeotic)2-like protein (ASH2L) as a regulator of glioblastoma cell survival

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis, highlighting an urgent need for developing novel treatment options. Identifying epigenetic vulnerabilities of cancer cells can provide excellent therapeutic intervention points for various types of cancers. Method: In this study, we investigated epigenetic regulators of glioblastoma cell survival through CRISPR/Cas9 based genetic ablation screens using a customized sgRNA library EpiDoKOL, which targets critical functional domains of chromatin modifiers. Results: Screens conducted in multiple cell lines revealed ASH2L, a histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit, as a major regulator of glioblastoma cell viability. ASH2L depletion led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RNA sequencing and greenCUT&RUN together identified a set of cell cycle regulatory genes, such as TRA2B, BARD1, KIF20B, ARID4A and SMARCC1 that were downregulated upon ASH2L depletion. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the interaction partners of ASH2L in glioblastoma cell lines as SET1/MLL family members including SETD1A, SETD1B, MLL1 and MLL2. We further showed that glioblastoma cells had a differential dependency on expression of SET1/MLL family members for survival. The growth of ASH2L-depleted glioblastoma cells was markedly slower than controls in orthotopic in vivo models. TCGA analysis showed high ASH2L expression in glioblastoma compared to low grade gliomas and immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant ASH2L expression in glioblastoma tissues, attesting to its clinical relevance. Therefore, high throughput, robust and affordable screens with focused libraries, such as EpiDoKOL, holds great promise to enable rapid discovery of novel epigenetic regulators of cancer cell survival, such as ASH2L. Conclusion: Together, we suggest that targeting ASH2L could serve as a new therapeutic opportunity for glioblastoma

Systems-level analysis reveals multiple modulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and identifies DNAJB4 and CD81 as novel metastasis inducers in breast cancer

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is driven by complex signaling events that induce dramatic biochemical and morphological changes whereby epithelial cells are converted into cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we used mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics approach to systematically analyze the post-translational biochemical changes that drive differentiation of human mammary epithelial (HMLE) cells into mesenchymal. We identified 314 proteins out of more than 6,000 unique proteins and 871 phosphopeptides out of more than 7,000 unique phosphopeptides as differentially regulated. We found that phosphoproteome is more unstable and prone to changes during EMT compared with the proteome and multiple alterations at proteome level are not thoroughly represented by transcriptional data highlighting the necessity of proteome level analysis. We discovered cell state specific signaling pathways, such as Hippo, sphingolipid signaling, and unfolded protein response (UPR) by modeling the networks of regulated proteins and potential kinase-substrate groups. We identified two novel factors for EMT whose expression increased on EMT induction: DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B4 (DNAJB4) and cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81). Suppression of DNAJB4 or CD81 in mesenchymal breast cancer cells resulted in decreased cell migration in vitro and led to reduced primary tumor growth, extravasation, and lung metastasis in vivo. Overall, we performed the global proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of EMT, identified and validated new mRNA and/ or protein level modulators of EMT. This work also provides a unique platform and resource for future studies focusing on metastasis and drug resistanceTurkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanlig

Assessment of Heavy Metal and Detergent Pollution in Giresun Coastal Zone, Turkey

AKKAN, TAMER/0000-0002-9866-4475WOS: 000384033100020In this study heavy metal and anionic detergent, LAS concentrations were surveyed in the coastal surface water of Giresun, Turkey. A comprehensive study in this area was made in first time the present study. The seawater samples were collected monthly from a depth of 1 m at 8 stations (representing 24 substations) between June 2012 and May 2013. Concentrations of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined by using ICP-MS. Descriptive statistical analysis including One-way ANOVA, significance (0.05) was done. Important differences in the mean values were tested with Tukey's multiple range test. In surface water samples, according to analysis results, the following findings were obtained for the concentration ranges of the metals (ppm); Al: 0.072-3.303, Cr: 0.057-0.360, Mn: 0.015-0.272, Fe: 8.889-18.782, Co: 0.020-0.080, Ni: 7.075-8.666, Cu: 0.043-0.230, Zn: 0.41-0.759, Cd: 0.033-0.047, Pb: 0.024-0.149 and LAS value varied between 0.887-1.987 ppm. Seasonal mean levels at each of the stations were not significantly different (p>0.05), but between the metals, there were significant differences (p<0.05). Many towns along the coastline suffer from water pollution problems. In this area waters are mainly affected by freshwater runoff, domestic and agricultural discharges. Consequently, regular monitoring and evaluation of the coastline are recommended. Otherwise, this situation carries a potential risk for public health.BAPKOM, (Ondokuz Mars University) [Fen. 1904.12.009]We would like to thank BAPKOM, (Ondokuz Mars University) for providing the financial support of this Ph.D. Thesis work (Project number: Fen. 1904.12.009)

The impact of “museum studies” classes that are taught at the fine arts high schools on students ‘attitude

High schools that offer art education or vocational training have a direct impact on students' professional lives through the course contents chosen by the students according to their specific interests. Museum studies, that started to gain more importance nowadays, are suggested to help the students strengthen their abilities to make observations, to express their feelings and using their imagination. Moreover, the museum studies can be considered as an education that would certainly affect the students' future life in a positive way. These "museum studies" classes, which are given in the fine arts high schools in Turkey, are included in the curriculum in order to increase the academic and professional background of the art education students. It is very important to find out the problems encountered in "museum studies" classes and come up with solutions. Therefore, the investigation of the curriculum of the "museum studies" course, the way of teaching and whether the desired level of efficiency is reached is of great significance. For this purpose, a survey was applied to the students of the Kaya Karakaya Fine Arts High School who are taking the "museum studies" class, in order to evaluate the change in students' perspective on the concept of "museum" as well as to explain how it contributes to the students' artistic and professional attitudes with concrete examples. According to the findings obtained from the survey results possible solutions were presented

Some Classications of Ditopological Texture Spaces via Cardinal Functions

In this paper we study under which conditions equality of some pairs of dicardinal functions such as weight-coweight and densification-codensification, holds. We obtain some useful results on ldquobounds of Squot, the set P of all p-sets and the set Q of all q-sets by choosing the class of all ditopological texture spaces or the subclass satisfying axiom T0