Hypoglycemic activity of Capparis ovata desf. var. palaestina zoh. methanol extract

Caper (Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L.) is naturally widespread in Turkey. Traditionally, buds, fruits, seeds and roots of this plant are used as tonic, diuretic, anti-rheumatic, expectorant, antidiabetic, and antifungal. The aim of this study is to evaluate potential hypoglycemic effect of C. ovata var. palaestina extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. For this purpose; diabetic mice were administered with 100, 300, 500 mg/kg (i.p.) doses of methanol extract of bud and fruit. Blood glucose levels were screened 60, 120, 240 and 360 min. after treatment. Furthermore, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity test, and phenolic and flavonoid compounds analysis of extracts were carried out. The data obtained from in vivo study revealed that fruit-methanol 500 mg/kg (FM3), bud-methanol 300 mg/kg (BM2), bud-methanol 500 mg/kg (BM3) extracts showed significant hypoglycemic activity. All extracts indicated significant antioxidant activity, however bud-methanol (BM) extract demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity. Moreover high levels of phenolic substances and flavonoids were involved in all extracts, but the highest levels were found in FM extract. HRMS study showed that rutin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin) and stachydrine substances had seen in BM extract. The results of this study showed that the C. ovata var. palaestina extracts which, indicate hypoglycemic, antioxidant activities, might provide additional support in diabetes

Yabanmersini (vaccinium myrtillus l.) meyve özü'nün mide kanseri, ags hücre hattı üzerinde antioksidan aktivitesi ve anti-kanser etkileri

Objective: Vaccinium myrtillus L. fruits are consumed as food. This research was aimed to evaluate V. myrtillus methanol extract antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and determine its anti-cancer potential to further study against gastric cancer. Material and Method: V. myrtillus fruit (Bilberry) methanol extract was examined for its antioxidant activities by ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was studied by HPLC method. The cytotoxic effect of V. myrtillus fruit methanol extract on gastric cancer cell line AGS was measured by Cell Titer-Glo assay. Additionally, as healthy control, fibroblast like human mesenchymal stem cell line was used for testing anti-cancer efficacy. Result and Discussion: V. myrtillus fruit methanol extract showed 0.1413 and 0.0439 mg/mL IC50 values as antioxidant activity by ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays, respectively. Malvidin-3-O-Glucoside was detected as an anthocyanin compound by HPLC method. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that among different concentrations (0.5-10 mg/ml), the most significantly, 2 mg/ml of Bilberry extract treatment decreased the viability of AGS gastric cancer cells while sparing healthy MSC cells. This data suggests the further analysis of Bilberry extract on several cancer cell lines as well as the determination of a potential active substance in the extract.Amaç: Vaccinium myrtillus L. meyvesi Türkiye’de gıda olarak tüketilmektedir. Bu araştırma V. myrtillus metanol ekstresinin antioksidan ve sitotoksisite aktivitelerini ve mide kanser hücresindeki potansiyel etkilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: V. myrtillus meyvesi metanol ekstresinin antioksidan aktiviteleri spektrofotometrik olarak ABTS+ ve DPPH• yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fitokimyasal analiz HPLC yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. V. myrtillus metanol ekstresinin mide kanseri hücre hattı AGS üzerindeki sitotoksik etkisi, Cell Titer-Glo testi ile ölçülmüştür. Ek olarak, anti-kanser etkinlik analizi için fibroblast benzeri insan mezenkimal kök hücre hattı sağlıklı kontrol hücreleri olarak kullanılmıştır. Morfolojik değişiklikler, faz kontrast mikroskobu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: V. myrtillus meyve metanol ekstresinde ABTS+ ve DPPH• testleri ile sırasıyla 0.1413 ve 0.0439 mg/mL IC50 değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bir antosiyanin bileşiği olarak malvidin-3-O-glukozit HPLC yardımıyla tespit edilmiştir. Sitotoksite analizi, farklı konsantrasyonlar (0.5-10 mg/ml) arasında 2 mg/ml V. myrtillus meyve metanol ekstresinin, sağlıklı MSC hücrelerini korurken AGS mide kanseri hücrelerinin canlılığını azalttığını göstermiştir. Bu veriler, Yaban mersini özünün çeşitli kanser hücre dizileri üzerinde daha fazla analiz edilmesini ve ekstresindeki potansiyel aktif maddelerin belirlenmesini önermektedir

Characterization of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit volatiles and antibacterial evaluation

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruits known as prickly pear cactus are used in folk medicine as well as food. In the present study it was aimed to extract the volatile constituents of O. ficus-indica fruits by n-hexane. The volatiles were subsequently analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, where a total of 14 compounds were identified. The main components were characterized as hexadecanoic acid 39.4%, heptacosane 12.3%, and methyl linoleate 6.8%, respectively. Further antimicrobial evaulation using a broth microdilution assay (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute method) against human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli NRLL B-3008, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145. The minimum non-reproductive concentrations were determined as MIC, where S. aureus showed the most potent inhibition by 500 µg/mL

Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. meyve ekstrelerinin mide kanseri hücrelerinde kaspaz aracılı apoptoz yoluyla sitotoksik etkilerinin incelenmesi

Objectives: Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. fruits are traditionally used for several health problems. Although there are some studies about its antiproliferative effects on different cancer cells, no study was reported about its potential therapeutic efficacy against gastric cancers which is the most malignant disease in the digestive system with high morbidity and mortality. Methods: This study was aimed to evaluate L. officinalis fruit extract phytochemical contents as well as to compare anticancer effects on gastric cancer cells. The antioxidant activities were determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. Anticancer effects were measured by cell viability assays, then apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry. Results: Laurocerasus officinalis fruit methanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity by ABTS(center dot) and DPPH center dot assays. Significant cytotoxic activities and caspase mediated apoptosis were detected in the extract treated MKN-45 and AGS gastric cancer cells respectively while sparing healthy cells. Conclusion: Our results showed that the L. officinalis Roem. extract has significant anticancer efficacy on gastric cancer cell lines; therefore, it can be further studied to determine its potential therapeutic components.Giriş: Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. meyveleri halk arasında çeşitli sağlık problemlerine karşı kullanılmaktadır. Farklı kanser hücreleri üzerindeki antiproliferatif etkileri ile ilgili bazı çalışmalar olmakla birlikte, sindirim sistemindeki ciddi bir rahatsızlık olan, yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye sahip mide kanserlerine karşı herhangi bir çalışma bildirilmemiştir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma L. officinalis meyve ekstrelerinin fitokimyasal analizi ile beraber karşılaştırmalı olarak mide kanseri hücrelerine karşı sitotoksik etkilerinin incelenmesini amaçlamıştır. Antioksidan aktivite ABTS ve DPPH yöntemleriyle araştırılmıştır. Antikanser etkinliği ise hücre canlılığı yöntemi ile araştırılmış ve sonrasında apoptotik proteinleri western blot ve flow sitometre yöntemleri ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar: L. officinalis meyve metanol ekstresi, ABTS ve DPPH testlerine göre orta düzeyde antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. Sağlıklı hücrelerde sitotoksik etki gözlemlenmezken, ekstre uygulanmış MKN-45 ve AGS mide kanseri hücrelerinde önemli sitotoksik aktiviteler ve kaspaz aracılı apoptoz saptanmıştır. Tartışma: Sonuçlar, L. officinalis Roem ekstresinin mide kanseri hücre hatları üzerinde önemli antikanser etkinliğine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir; bu nedenle, potansiyel terapötik bileşenlerini belirlemek için ileri çalışmalar gerçekleştirilebilecektir

Prunus spinosa l. Ekstresinin çeşitli kanser hücre soylarındaki antioksidan ve sitotoksik etkileri

Objective: Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) is a shrup whose fruits are consumed as food in Turkey. This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant activity of methanol extract of P. spinosa and its cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. Method: Methanol extract of P. spinosa fruit was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxic activity on multiform (GBM) brain cancer (LN229, U87 and T98G) and pancreas cancer (PANC-1 and AsPC-1) cell lines. Cell viability assays were performed by calculating the percentage of viable cells using a luminescence system, and spectrophotometrically. measuring its antioxidant ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p*<0.001 and p**<0.0005 according to unpaired student t-test. Results: Methanol extract of P. spinosa fruit showed 2548±18 mg GAE/100 g corresponding to the total phenolic content, and moderate antioxidant activity (0.1896±0.1143 and 0.0729±0.0348) by ABTS• and DPPH• assays. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, after evaluating the results of brain and pancreas cancer cell lines, significant cytotoxic activities with 50-63% cell viability of GBM brain cancer cells were determined while no cytotoxicity was observed on pancreas cancer cell lines, PANC-1; and AsPC-1. The results of this study showed that the methanol extract of P. spinosa fruit has significant antioxidant capacity and leads to statistically significant decreased viability on glioblastoma brain cancer cells.Amaç: Çakal eriği (Prunus spinosa L.), Gülgiller (Rosaceae) familyasından bir ağaççık türüdür ve Türkiye’de meyvesi besin olarak tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışma P. spinosa metanol ekstresinin antioksidan aktivitesini ve kanser hücre hatları üzerindeki sitotoksik etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: P. spinosa meyvesi metanol ekstresi, glioblastoma multiform (GBM) beyin kanseri (LN229, U-87 ve T98G) ve pankreas kanseri (PANC-1 ve AsPC-1) hücre hatları kullanılarak in vitro sitotoksik aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Hücre canlılığı deneyleri, biyolüminesans sistemi kullanılarak canlı hücrelerin yüzdesinin ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin, spektrofotometrik olarak ABTS ve DPPH radikalleri ile ölçülmesi yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatiksel anlamlılık eşleştirilmemiş öğrenci t testi ile p*<0.001 ve p**<0.0005 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: P. spinosa meyve metanol ekstresi, ABTS• ve DPPH• testlerinde toplam fenolik içeriğe karşılık gelen 2548±18 mg GAE/100 g ve orta düzeyde antioksidan aktivite (0,1896±0,1143 ve 0,0729±0,0348) göstermiştir. Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz bilgiler ışığında, beyin ve pankreas kanseri hücre hatlarındaki sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesinden sonra, GBM beyin kanseri hücrelerinde %50-63 arasındaki hücre canlılığı ile önemli derecede sitotoksik aktivitesi belirlenmiş ancak PANC-1 ve AsPC-1 pankreas kanseri hücre hatlarında sitotoksisite gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, P. spinosa meyvesi metanol ekstresinin önemli antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğu ve glioblastoma beyin kanseri hücrelerinin canlılığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalmaya yol açtığı gösterilmiştir

Opuntia ficus indica fruits ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

This study aims to determine the potential renal protective effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (OFI) fruits against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. The antioxidant activity of OH methanol extract was calculated by 2,2-dipheny1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the LC-mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of the OFI fruit extract was carried out. Mice were treated with OFI extract (250mg/kg) for 10d and injected with a single dose of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) on the 7th day. The blood samples were collected to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine level on the 10th day. Their kidneys were removed for histopathological examination. The renal morphological alterations were assessed through the mesangial matrix index and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The OH fruit extract showed significant in vitro antioxidant activity. In further, it was revealed that the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice was ameliorated; this outcome was supported by both histological examination results and the depicted reduced levels of BUN and serum creatinine. The potent antioxidant compounds which were detected in the extract of OH fruits such as myricetin, quercetin, luteolin might be responsible for the observed renoprotective effect. The results clarified that the OFI fruit extract could ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in mice via including antioxidant and renoprotective compounds

Hypoglycemic activity of Capparis ovata desf. var. palaestina zoh. methanol extract

Caper (Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L.) is naturally widespread in Turkey. Traditionally, buds, fruits, seeds and roots of this plant are used as tonic, diuretic, anti-rheumatic, expectorant, antidiabetic, and antifungal. The aim of this study is to evaluate potential hypoglycemic effect of C. ovata var. palaestina extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. For this purpose; diabetic mice were administered with 100, 300, 500 mg/kg (i.p.) doses of methanol extract of bud and fruit. Blood glucose levels were screened 60, 120, 240 and 360 min. after treatment. Furthermore, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity test, and phenolic and flavonoid compounds analysis of extracts were carried out. The data obtained from in vivo study revealed that fruit-methanol 500 mg/kg (FM3), bud-methanol 300 mg/kg (BM2), bud-methanol 500 mg/kg (BM3) extracts showed significant hypoglycemic activity. All extracts indicated significant antioxidant activity, however bud-methanol (BM) extract demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity. Moreover high levels of phenolic substances and flavonoids were involved in all extracts, but the highest levels were found in FM extract. HRMS study showed that rutin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin) and stachydrine substances had seen in BM extract. The results of this study showed that the C. ovata var. palaestina extracts which, indicate hypoglycemic, antioxidant activities, might provide additional support in diabetes

Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Traditional Medicinal Plants: Centaurea pichleri subsp. pichleri, Conyza canadensis, and Jasminum fruticans

Centaurea pichleri subsp. pichleri, Conyza canadensis, and Jasminum fruticans are traditionally used plants grown in Turkey. Methanol extracts were obtained from these plants and pharmacological activity studies and phytochemical analyses were carried out. To evaluate the phytochemical composition, spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were used. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH&#9679;, ABTS&#9679;+ radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were investigated on DU145 prostate cancer and A549 lung cancer cell lines. The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were investigated on the NO amount, TNF-&alpha;, IFN-&gamma;, and PGE 2 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The richest extract in terms of phenolic compounds (98.19 &plusmn; 1.64 mgGAE/gextract) and total flavonoids (21.85 &plusmn; 0.64 mgCA/gextract) was identified as C. pichleri subsp. pichleri methanol extract. According to antioxidant activity determinations, the C. pichleri subsp. pichleri extract was found to be the most active extract. Finally, the C. pichleri subsp. pichleri methanol extract was revealed to be the most effective inhibitor of viability in the cytotoxic activity investigation, and the extract with the best anti-inflammatory action. The findings point to C. pichleri subsp. pichleri as a promising source of bioactive compounds in the transition from natural sources to industrial uses, such as new medications, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals

Investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruit extract

Opuntia ficus-indica fruits are claimed to possess several health-beneficial properties. This study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals as well as to compare antioxidant activity and cell viability of the methanol extract of OFI-fruits. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by various in vitro tests such as DPPH and ABTS. LC-MS and HPLC analyses were then performed. The activity of the OFI-fruit extract on viability of U87-MG (glioblastoma multiform), HT-29 (colon cancer) and human primary fibroblast cells was investigated by determining viable cells on a luciferase based system (Cell TiterGlo; Promega; USA). The results showed that OFI-fruits were a source of antioxidant compounds. Moreover, the extract was found to have rich phenolic-flavonoid contents. Quercetin was found in the extract according to LC-MS and HPLC studies. A remarkable increased cell death in the HT-29 and U87 cell lines was detected in a concentration-dependent manner (1-10mg/mL). Among these cell lines, HT-29 responded to OFI-fruit treatment more sensitively to even the lowest dose (1mg/mL). The results of this study showed that the OFI-fruit has significant antioxidant capacity and leads to strong cytotoxic activity on various cancer cells. Therefore, it can be suggested that OFI-fruits may have chemo-preventive potential and can be studied further to clarify cytotoxic abilities

Sedative Effects of Latexes Obtained from Some Lactuca L. Species Growing in Turkey

Lactuca L. species belong to the Asteraceae family and these plants are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes around the world. The dried milky latex of L. serriola is known as "lettuce oil" and is used as a sedative in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the sedative effects and analyze the chemical compositions of latexes obtained from some Lactuca species growing in Turkey. The sedative effects were evaluated through various behavioral tests on mice. For this purpose, latexes were obtained from L. glareosa Boiss., L. viminea (L.) J. Presl and C. P, L. mulgedioides (Vis and Pani) Boiss. and Kotschy ex. Boiss., L. saligna L., and L. serriola L. The latex from L. saligna showed the highest sedative effects, whilst L. serriola and L. viminea latexes also displayed significant sedative effects compared to the control group at a dose of 100 mg/kg. However, the latexes from L. glareosa and L. mulqedioides did not exhibit any sedative effects on mice. Characteristic sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin, lactucopicrin, 11,13 beta-dihydrolactucin, and 11,13 beta-dihydrolactucopicrin) were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lactucin was identified as the main component