Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology

The British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines specify the scope and targets of treatment for bipolar disorder. The third version is based explicitly on the available evidence and presented, like previous Clinical Practice Guidelines, as recommendations to aid clinical decision making for practitioners: it may also serve as a source of information for patients and carers, and assist audit. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the corresponding evidence. A consensus meeting, involving experts in bipolar disorder and its treatment, reviewed key areas and considered the strength of evidence and clinical implications. The guidelines were drawn up after extensive feedback from these participants. The best evidence from randomized controlled trials and, where available, observational studies employing quasi-experimental designs was used to evaluate treatment options. The strength of recommendations has been described using the GRADE approach. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, clinical management, and strategies for the use of medicines in short-term treatment of episodes, relapse prevention and stopping treatment.The use of medication is integrated with a coherent approach to psychoeducation and behaviour change

Sugarcane genome sequencing and gene discovery: Getting closer to sugar content, fibre and drought traits

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The understanding of the regulatory networks that drive sugarcane physiology and agronomic traits becomes increasingly necessary for the improvement of sugarcane. We are interested in understanding the regulation of carbon partitioning, sugar content, fibre yield and drought tolerance. Different field and greenhouse experiments have been done to obtain physiological and technological data. We collected sugarcane samples from leaf and internode tissues and analysed transcriptome and biochemical changes. Data are being integrated in the SUCEST-FUN database (http://sucest-fun.org) where several tools are available to interrogate the data focusing on different aspects. We have identified 10 262 differences in gene expression when cultivars and tissues with contrasting sucrose content were compared, 12 249 changes related to drought stress and 3524 when ancestral sugarcane species were compared to a commercial sugarcane cultivar with differing fibre deposition patterns. We are developing techniques to implement sugarcane regulatory network studies using a systems biology approach. We are identifying antisense transcripts related to the traits of interest, gene upstream and downstream promoters, and active promoters using Chip-seq combined with 454 sequencing. We are sequencing the sugarcane genome using the 454 platform and the Whole Genome Shotgun and BAC approaches. With the 454 WGS sequencing, we already obtained 10.8 Gb of data. Using sugarcane 454 sequences, we were able to confirm gene structure and to clone promoter sequences. The transcriptomic and genomic techniques that are being developed in our group associated with the physiological data are resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of sugar content, fibre and drought regulation.1151378710715Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is typically caused by unaccustomed exercise and results in pain, soreness, inflammation, and reduced muscle function. These negative outcomes may cause discomfort and impair subsequent athletic performance or training quality, particularly in individuals who have limited time to recover between training sessions or competitions. In recent years, a multitude of techniques including massage, cryotherapy, and stretching have been employed to combat the signs and symptoms of EIMD, with mixed results. Likewise, many varied nutritional and supplementation interventions intended to treat EIMD-related outcomes have gained prominence in the literature. To date, several review articles have been published that explore the many recovery strategies purported to minimize indirect markers of muscle damage. However, these articles are very limited from a nutritional standpoint. Thus, the purpose of this review is to briefly and comprehensively summarize many of these strategies that have been shown to positively influence the recovery process after damaging exercise. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based on nutrient source: fruits and fruit-derived supplements, vegetables and plant-derived supplements, herbs and herbal supplements, amino acid and protein supplements, vitamin supplements, and other supplements