29 research outputs found

    Programación de pedidos en un taller con máquinas en paralelo y tiempo de preparación

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    El caso que se trata es el del problema del taller mecánico con flujo regular y máquinas en paralelo. En concreto, mediante la implementación de la heurística GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptative Search Procedure), se pretende obtener la secuencia de programación para preparar un conjunto de pedidos que dé lugar al menor retraso medio posible en la entrega de dichos pedidos. Cada uno de estos pedidos está compuesto por un lote de un tamaño determinado de un mismo y único artículo (es decir, no se contempla el picking), existiendo un número limitado de artículos diferentes. Del mismo modo, estos pedidos pueden asignarse a una serie de máquinas diferentes situadas en paralelo, y en las cuales tiene lugar una única operación. Existen limitaciones en la capacidad de fabricación de las máquinas: no todas las máquinas son capaces de fabricar todos los artículos. Asimismo, cada máquina lleva asociado un tiempo de preparación derivado de adaptar la máquina para fabricar un artículo a otro diferente, así como un tiempo de proceso o fabricación. El retraso es la diferencia entre el momento en que se acaba de fabricar el pedido y la fecha de entrega del mismo. El algoritmo empleado para la resolución del problema es la heurística GRASP, que se compone de dos fases consecutivas: • La primera permite obtener una primera solución de partida mediante la aplicación de un algoritmo greedy. • La segunda consiste en, partiendo de la solución inicial, valorar los vecinos de dicha solución y obtener como solución final la que dé lugar al menor retraso medio. A fin de verificar el correcto funcionamiento y la eficiencia del procedimiento de resolución propuesto, se ha llevado a cabo una experiencia computacional sobre tres juegos de datos, diferenciándose en el número de máquinas disponibles y el número de artículos diferentes susceptibles de ser fabricados: caso 8 artículos y 3 máquinas, caso 12 artículos y 6 máquinas y caso 15 artículos y 9 máquinas. Cada juego consta, a su vez, de 100 casos diferentes, conteniendo de entre 15 a 25 pedidos diferentes, con sus correspondientes datos

    Programación de pedidos en un taller con máquinas en paralelo y tiempo de preparación

    Get PDF
    El caso que se trata es el del problema del taller mecánico con flujo regular y máquinas en paralelo. En concreto, mediante la implementación de la heurística GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptative Search Procedure), se pretende obtener la secuencia de programación para preparar un conjunto de pedidos que dé lugar al menor retraso medio posible en la entrega de dichos pedidos. Cada uno de estos pedidos está compuesto por un lote de un tamaño determinado de un mismo y único artículo (es decir, no se contempla el picking), existiendo un número limitado de artículos diferentes. Del mismo modo, estos pedidos pueden asignarse a una serie de máquinas diferentes situadas en paralelo, y en las cuales tiene lugar una única operación. Existen limitaciones en la capacidad de fabricación de las máquinas: no todas las máquinas son capaces de fabricar todos los artículos. Asimismo, cada máquina lleva asociado un tiempo de preparación derivado de adaptar la máquina para fabricar un artículo a otro diferente, así como un tiempo de proceso o fabricación. El retraso es la diferencia entre el momento en que se acaba de fabricar el pedido y la fecha de entrega del mismo. El algoritmo empleado para la resolución del problema es la heurística GRASP, que se compone de dos fases consecutivas: • La primera permite obtener una primera solución de partida mediante la aplicación de un algoritmo greedy. • La segunda consiste en, partiendo de la solución inicial, valorar los vecinos de dicha solución y obtener como solución final la que dé lugar al menor retraso medio. A fin de verificar el correcto funcionamiento y la eficiencia del procedimiento de resolución propuesto, se ha llevado a cabo una experiencia computacional sobre tres juegos de datos, diferenciándose en el número de máquinas disponibles y el número de artículos diferentes susceptibles de ser fabricados: caso 8 artículos y 3 máquinas, caso 12 artículos y 6 máquinas y caso 15 artículos y 9 máquinas. Cada juego consta, a su vez, de 100 casos diferentes, conteniendo de entre 15 a 25 pedidos diferentes, con sus correspondientes datos

    Influence of free charge carrier density on the magnetic behavior of (Zn,Co)O thin film studied by Field Effect modulation of magnetotransport

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    The origin of (ferro)magnetic ordering in transition metal doped ZnO is a still open question. For applications it is fundamental to establish if it arises from magnetically ordered impurity clusters embedded into the semiconducting matrix or if it originates from ordering of magnetic ions dilute into the host lattice. In this latter case, a reciprocal effect of the magnetic exchange on the charge carriers is expected, offering many possibilities for spintronics applications. In this paper we report on the relationship between magnetic properties and free charge density investigated by using Zinc oxide based field effect transistors, in which the charge carrier density is modulated by more than 4 order of magnitude, from 10(16) to 10(20) e(-)/cm(3). The magnetotransport properties are employed to probe the magnetic status of the channel both in pure and cobalt doped zinc oxide transistors. We find that it is widely possible to control the magnetic scattering rates by field effect. We believe that this finding is a consequence of the modulation of magnetization and carrier spin polarization by the electric field. The observed effects can be explained by the change in size of bound magnetic polarons that induces a percolation magnetic ordering in the sample

    AutoIndexer: research and development of methodologies and terminology resources to support the automatic indexing of clinical documents

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    La finalidad del proyecto AutoIndexer es el desarrollo de una infraestructura de aplicaciones para la indexación automática de documentos clínicos mediante el uso de recursos lingüísticos avanzados y de tecnologías de procesamiento del lenguaje.The aim of the AutoIndexer project is the development of an infrastructure of applications for automatic indexing clinical documents using advanced language resources and technologies

    The ballast pick-up problem. A theoretical approach and two experimental campaigns

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    The aim of this contribution is to present a theoretical approach and two experimental campaigns (on wind tunnel and on the track) concerning the research work about the ballast train-induced-wind erosion (BTIWE) phenomenon. When a high speed train overpasses the critical speed, it produces a wind speed close to the track large enough to start the motion of the ballast elements, eventually leading to the rolling of the stones (Kwon and Park, 2006) and, if these stones get enough energy, they can jump and then initiate a saltation-like chain reaction, as found in the saltation processes of soil eolian erosion (Bagnold, 1941). The expelled stones can reach a height which is larger than the lowest parts of the train, striking them (and the track surroundings) producing considerable damage that should be avoided. There is not much published work about this phenomenon, in spite of the great interest that exists due to its relevant applications in increasing the maximum operative train speed. Particularly, the initiation of flight of ballast due to the pass of a high speed train has been studied by Kwon and Park (2006) by performing field and wind tunnel experiments

    Outcomes of elective liver surgery worldwide: a global, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study

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    Background: The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes. Methods: LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January–December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141). Results: A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% (82/2,159). The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives

    Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

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    BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

    FABRICATION and CHARACTERIZATION of BIDIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC GAS (2DEG) in ZnO BASED HETEROSTRUCTURES

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    Spintronics and High Electronic Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) are active frontiers in the development of electronic devices. For their development, Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) and heterostructures hosting Two Dimensional Electronic Gas (2DEG) are required. MBE has become into the state of the art technique to prepare ZnO based heterostructures, surpassing PLD limitations. However, the former has a much more complex operation and higher costs. In order to improve the quality of ZnO based heterostructures at bounded costs, a low oxidative MBE process was studied. The aim of the present thesis is double: first, it intends to make a contribution to the knowledge of the non conventional low oxidative MBE production of ZnO heterostructures. In particular we wanted to assess its feasibility and understand the growth mechanism. Second, this thesis intends to make specific contributions to the physics of electric transport in such heterostructures, namely Electric Field modulated Magnetoresistance and 2DEG Magnetic Field Effective Mass Enhancement. For the first objective, 142 MgO/ZnO heterostructures were grown on sapphire on a home-made MBE in low oxidative conditions. An extensive characterization of the sample set by RHEED, AFM, XRD, SEM, EDS and Transport measurement was carried out. The analysis of the data gathered made it possible to identify different growth stages of the ZnO structures. They were mainly discussed in terms of misfit accommodation. The results suggest a complex process with interlinked steps, in which subtle transformations take place. For the second objective, Field Effect devices were produced by depositing Co:ZnO/STO heterostructures by PLD. After XRD, AFM, TEM and magnetic characterization, transport measurements were carried out. The magnetic scattering was studied by appropriate model fitting and discussed in terms of percolation of Bounded Magnetic Polarons (BMP). The results suggest free charge carrier mediated magnetic polarization of Co:ZnO. Next, a 2DEG hosting Mg:ZnO/ZnO heterostructure was deposited by PLD. Transport measurements showed complex quantum oscillations. The simultaneous model fitting for all temperatures showed magnetic field effective mass enhancement. The results suggest band non-parabolicity and electron-electron correlation as possible causes

    Programación de pedidos en un taller con máquinas en paralelo y tiempo de preparación

    No full text
    El caso que se trata es el del problema del taller mecánico con flujo regular y máquinas en paralelo. En concreto, mediante la implementación de la heurística GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptative Search Procedure), se pretende obtener la secuencia de programación para preparar un conjunto de pedidos que dé lugar al menor retraso medio posible en la entrega de dichos pedidos. Cada uno de estos pedidos está compuesto por un lote de un tamaño determinado de un mismo y único artículo (es decir, no se contempla el picking), existiendo un número limitado de artículos diferentes. Del mismo modo, estos pedidos pueden asignarse a una serie de máquinas diferentes situadas en paralelo, y en las cuales tiene lugar una única operación. Existen limitaciones en la capacidad de fabricación de las máquinas: no todas las máquinas son capaces de fabricar todos los artículos. Asimismo, cada máquina lleva asociado un tiempo de preparación derivado de adaptar la máquina para fabricar un artículo a otro diferente, así como un tiempo de proceso o fabricación. El retraso es la diferencia entre el momento en que se acaba de fabricar el pedido y la fecha de entrega del mismo. El algoritmo empleado para la resolución del problema es la heurística GRASP, que se compone de dos fases consecutivas: • La primera permite obtener una primera solución de partida mediante la aplicación de un algoritmo greedy. • La segunda consiste en, partiendo de la solución inicial, valorar los vecinos de dicha solución y obtener como solución final la que dé lugar al menor retraso medio. A fin de verificar el correcto funcionamiento y la eficiencia del procedimiento de resolución propuesto, se ha llevado a cabo una experiencia computacional sobre tres juegos de datos, diferenciándose en el número de máquinas disponibles y el número de artículos diferentes susceptibles de ser fabricados: caso 8 artículos y 3 máquinas, caso 12 artículos y 6 máquinas y caso 15 artículos y 9 máquinas. Cada juego consta, a su vez, de 100 casos diferentes, conteniendo de entre 15 a 25 pedidos diferentes, con sus correspondientes datos
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