4,517 research outputs found
Agricultural drought in the ClaromecĂł river basin, Buenos Aires province, Argentina
The dry and wet periods affecting the ClaromecĂł Creek Basin in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires were analysed applying Palmer’s Model. Palmer’s Drought Severity Index was calculated regionally for five towns for the 1904-1999 period. Both the rate corresponding to the drying of soil humidity and the regional climatic rates were taken into account. On analysing the conditions featured in each decade and during the period as a whole, it was found that whereas droughts prevailed 42.7% of the time, wet conditions predominated 35.5%, and during theremaining 21.8% of the time conditions were normal. Drought periods lasted longer than wet ones - an average of 16 to 19 months as opposed to a maximum of 11 months. The harshest droughts affecting regional farming were registered in 1962/63 (with an 80% loss of the wheat crop, the worst harvest ever), 1995/96 and 1998/99.Se aplica el modelo de Palmer para analizar los episodios secos y hĂşmedos de la cuenca hidrográfica del arroyo ClaromecĂł, localizada al sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El ĂŤndice de Severidad de SequĂa de Palmer es calculado en cinco localidades y para el perĂodo 1904-1999, desarrollando explĂcitamente las rectas que representan la tasa del secado de la humedad del suelo y los coeficientes climáticos regionales. Se analizan los perĂodos secos y hĂşmedos por dĂ©cadas y para el periodo total. Durante el perĂodo analizado el 42,7 % se caracterizĂł por condiciones de sequĂa de distinta intensidad, el 32,7 % con condiciones hĂşmedas y el resto con condiciones normales. Los episodios mas largos observados corresponden a las sequĂas, con máximos entre 16 y 19 meses mientras que los máximos periodos hĂşmedos no superan los 11 meses. El impacto de las peores sequĂas en la economĂa agrĂcola regional se registrĂł en los años 1962/63 (con la mayor pĂ©rdida en la cosecha de trigo, 80 %), 1995/96 y 1998/99.Fil: Carbone, Maria Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; ArgentinaFil: Scian, Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentin
Water quality for supplementary irrigation in the Quequén Salado river basin (Argentina)
This paper focuses on the study of the water quality in the courses which compose the QuequĂ©n Salado river basin, Argentina, in order to determine their suitability for supplementary irrigation. Water samples were analysed to assess their salinity and sodium hazard. The creeks from the hill sector have Very Good Quality Waters and the water of the middle basin courses can be used to irrigate the main crops in the area. The salinity values obtained in the main river are tolerated only by barley hay and some pastures.El presente trabajo está centrado en el estudio de la calidad de agua de los cursos que integran la cuenca hidrográfica del rĂo QuequĂ©n Salado, Argentina, con el objeto de evaluar su empleo para riego suplementario. Se realizaron determinaciones de salinidad y sodicidad en muestras de agua tomadas en distintos tramos de los rĂos y arroyos de la cuenca, asĂ como en las lagunas más importantes, durante la primavera y el verano de los años 1998, 1999 y 2000. El estudio se cumplimentĂł con la caracterizaciĂłn quĂmica de los principales cursos. En base a los valores de conductividad elĂ©ctrica y RAS obtenidos, se cartografiaron aquellos sectores de la cuenca con calidades de riego similares. De acuerdo a estos resultados se establecieron los tipos de cultivo que podrĂan regarse teniendo en cuenta el grado de tolerancia de cada uno.Fil: Marini, Mario Fabián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentin
Drainage basin morphometry of the Encadenadas del Oeste lakes, Argentina
The Las Encadenadas basin can be defined as an endorheic fluviolacustrine system. The aim of this study is to identify hydrographic sectors and subbasins within the Encadenada’s drainage basin and analyze the former’s morphometric properties including hypsometry. The morphometric analysis allowed for quantification of variables and indices for example area, perimeter, total length of streams, etc. Hypsometric curves were also plotted for each subbasin and finally, principal components analysis was used to sort basins based on results from individually calculated parameters and indices. This study’s aim was to define for the first time the various drainage subbasins that comprise the Encadenadas del Oeste’s basin. The characterization of these units shows that the basin is morphologically diverse due to the dynamic fluvial activity that prevails within its limits. One of the above mentioned morphological units are the alluvial cones which form at the mouths of the mainstreams and delineate the bases of the different subbasins. The drainage network exhibits overall a low level of ramification and hierarchy which is likely due to the sedimentary nature and high permeability of the sub-surface soil.Fil: Geraldi, Alejandra Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin
Numerical Model Simulation of Offshore Flow During the Winter Season
Because of the step function variability of heat and moisture flux in coastal zones, adequate descriptive models of mesoscale coastal circulation and weather patterns demand high spatial resolution in the analysis of wind, temperature and moisture patterns. To obtain realistic concepts of offshore flow the sparse offshore data networks need to be supplemented by mesoscale numerical models. The problems associated with the modeling of offshore flow across the east coast of the United States during the winter season have been investigated with a simple two dimensional numerical model of the planetary boundary layer.
The model has two predictive equations for the potential temperature and humidity fields. A diagnostic equation based upon observed data is used to determine wind velocities. At each horizontal step the wind was integrated with height, and the equations for the temperature and humidity were solved for each level. A second order model using the Dufort-Frankel finite difference scheme with two vertical grid spacing and eddy coefficient formulations was applied to actual cases of offshore winter flow. The results of the model were compared with measurements at anemometer level at offshore stations. Different flux formulations were tested. Key problems related to the use of the Dufort-Frankel scheme were indicated.
Problems associated with the use of a K-theory profile for the turbulent fluxes in the marine planetary boundary layer were isolated. The initial air-sea temperature difference and the K-theory formulations were crucial to the computational stability of the model as well as the resolution of the model, even after the stability problems were solved. A bulk aerodynamic formulation produced better results in the marine surface layer, however when merged with K-theory for the rest of the planetary boundary layer disastrous results can occur. A first order model with a similar resolution was applied to the same situation and showed superior results
Qualitative and quantitative models for ordinal data analysis
EnIn this paper, we explore and compare classical regression and ordinal data models when quantitative data are related to a qualitative assessment. Specifically, we test the approach on a data set of graduated students and we check the relative performance and the interpretative content of the models. Some further comments end the paper
Balance hĂdrico en la cuenca del rĂo QuequĂ©n Salado, Argentina
En este trabajo se determina el balance hĂdrico de la cuenca del rĂo QuequĂ©n Salado y el rĂ©gimen hidrolĂłgico del mismo. La superficie total de la cuenca es de 10.174 km2, y se encuentra en una zona donde las actividades agrĂcola-ganaderas son importantes. El objetivo principal de esta investigaciĂłn es calcular los balances hĂdricos para varias localidades pertenecientes a la cuenca del rĂo principal. Los objetivos secundarios son determinar las disponibilidades hĂdricas de la cuenca y la relaciĂłn existente entre el exceso del balance hĂdrico y el escurrimiento superficial. Se encontrĂł que el dĂ©ficit de agua en la cuenca ha ido disminuyendo paulatinamente en los distintos perĂodos considerados, en tanto que el exceso se ha incrementado. La evapotranspiraciĂłn potencial fue calculada para comparaciĂłn por dos mĂ©todos diferentes. Se determinĂł la variaciĂłn de las precipitaciones y la eficiencia hĂdrica entre los distintos perĂodos de tiempo seleccionados. Las correlaciones estadĂsticas entre las precipitaciones y el caudal fueron Ăłptimas, realizando análisis estacionales con aforos mayores a 2 m3/seg. De acuerdo a la humedad que posee el suelo, se encontrĂł un desfasaje de 2 meses entre la máxima precipitaciĂłn y el máximo caudal del rĂoThe hydric balance in the QuequĂ©n Salado river basin and its annual flow is determined. The basin has an area of 10.174 km2, and it is located in a very important agricultural zone. The main objective of this investigation is to calculate the hydric balances for several locations pertaining at the principal river basin. The secondary objectives are to determine the basin hydric availability in relation to the hydric balance surplus and the surface discharge. Water deficit in the basin decreases slowly in the different selected periods, meanwhile surplus has increased. In order to compare results, the potential evapotranspiration is calculated by two different methods. The variation of the precipitation and the hydric efficiency between different selected time periods is analized. Statistical correlations between pretipitations and river flow are optimum using seasonal analysis for river discharge greater than 2 m3/seg. In accordance to the soil humidity, a time log of two months between the maximum precipitation and the peak river flow is foundFil: Marini, Mario Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de GeografĂa y Turismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentin
Desconfort térmico en verano e invierno para la localidad de Pehuen Co, Argentina
El balneario de Pehuen Co, localizado al sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), se encuentra en constante desarrollo turĂstico y no se han realizado estudios sobre sus caracterĂsticas bioclimáticas. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue realizar un análisis de las condiciones meteorolĂłgicas que produjeron las máximas condiciones de desconfort tĂ©rmico que caracterizaron a los meses de verano e invierno. Se utilizaron los Ăndices de temperatura equivalente y Humidex. En el verano los meses con las temperaturas máximas más altas fueron enero y febrero, llegando a sensaciones tĂ©rmicas de gran desconfort (44.8 ÂşC en enero y 43.1 ÂşC en febrero). En invierno el mes con las temperaturas mĂnimas mas bajas fue junio, se registraron dĂas con riesgo de congelamiento (-8.5 ÂşC) para los habitantes que debieron desarrollar sus trabajos en el exterior. Se realizĂł una comparaciĂłn del confort con otras localidades del sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se observĂł un aumento de la cantidad de horas del dĂa con desconfort de Oeste a Este.Pehuen Co beach, located in the southern Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), is becoming a developing tourism resort area. However no studies on their bioclimatic characteristics have been performed. Therefore, the objective of the investigation was to conduct an analysis of the meteorological conditions that produce the maximum thermal discomfort conditions on summer and winter months. The indices of equivalent temperature and Humidex were used. In the summer January and February presented the higher temperatures, reaching thermal discomfort conditions (44.8 Âş C in January and 43.1 Âş C in February). One was the winter month with the lowest temperatures, reaching -8.5 ° C. A comparison was made with the comfort of other locations in the Southwestern province of Buenos Aires. There was an increase in the number of daily discomfort hours from West to East of the South of the Buenos Aires province.Fil: Bustos, MarĂa Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin
Análisis de los periodos secos y húmedos en la cuenca del arroyo Claromecó
Se aplica el modelo de Palmer para analizar los episodios secos y hĂşmedos de la cuen- ca hidrográfi ca del arroyo ClaromecĂł, localizada al sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El ĂŤndice de Severidad de SequĂa de Palmer es calculado en cinco localidades y para el perĂodo 1904-1999, desarrollando explĂcitamente las rectas que representan la tasa del secado de la humedad del suelo y los coefi cientes climáticos regionales. Se analizan los perĂodos secos y hĂşmedos por dĂ©cadas y para el perĂodo total. Durante el perĂodo ana- lizado el 42,7% se caracterizĂł por condiciones de sequĂa de distinta intensidad, el 32,7% con condiciones hĂşmedas y el resto con condiciones normales. Los episodios más largos observados corresponden a las sequĂas, con máximos entre 16 y 19 meses mientras que los máximos periodos hĂşmedos no superan los 11 meses. El impacto de las peores sequĂas en la economĂa agrĂcola regional se registrĂł en los años 1962/63 (con la mayor pĂ©rdida en la cosecha de trigo, 80%), 1995/96 y 1998/99.The dry and wet periods affecting the ClaromecĂł Creek Basin in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires were analysed applying Palmer’s Model. Palmer’s Drought Severity Index was calculated regionally for fi ve towns for the 1904-1999 period. Both the rate corresponding to the drying of soil humidity and the regional climatic rates were taken into account. On analysing the conditions featured in each decade and during the period as a whole, it was found that whereas droughts prevailed 42.7% of the time, wet conditions predominated 32.7%, and during the remaining of the time conditions were normal. Drought periods lasted longer than wet ones - an average of 16 to 19 months as opposed to a maximum of 11 months. The harshest droughts affecting regional farming were registered in 1962/63 (with an 80% loss of the wheat crop, the worst harvest ever), 1995/96 and 1998/99.Fil: Carbone, Maria Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; ArgentinaFil: Scian, Beatriz Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentin
Índice padronizado de precipitação e evapotranspiração como uma ferramenta para determinar a dinâmica hidrológica de regiões planas (Argentina)
The Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) in a 12-months timescale was used to define wet, normal and dry cycles in four representative sites of climatic sub regions of the Central Plains of Argentina. The studied period was 1980-2016. Hydrological dynamic was defined by analysis of shallow lakes areal variations and hydrological deficits and exceeds calculation. Data ranges and frequency of data were statistically analyzed. Along the studied period, the frequency of normal and humid years was higher than the dry ones. Nineteen eighty-five, 2008 and 2009 were some dry years, defined by SPEI. Effectively, regarding hydrological dynamic, there was noted a decrease (from 0.9 % to 96 %) of the shallow lakes areas during the aforementioned periods, in relation with their area during the humid ones. Hydrological deficit were noted during the 1995 and 2008 dry years in the site of the north and the rest of the sites, respectively. Also, exceeds amounts showed a response to the climatological cycles, during extremely wet years (i.e.: 1998 (NW of the studied area), 2001 (center), 2002 (NE) and 2009, in the northern site).Utilizou -se o ĂŤndice Padronizado de Precipitação e Evapotranspiração (em inglĂŞs, SPEI) numa escala de tempo de 12 meses para a definição dos ciclos Ăşmidos, normais e secos em 4 zonas representativas das sub -regiões climáticas das PlanĂcies Centrais da Argentina. O perĂodo de estudo foi 1980-2016. A dinâmica hidrolĂłgica foi definida atravĂ©s da análise de variações na extensĂŁo de lagoas e o cálculo dos dĂ©ficits e excessos hĂdricos. Os intervalos e frequĂŞncias de dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Du rante todo o perĂodo de estudo, a frequĂŞncia do ano normal e Ăşmido foi maior do que os anos de seca. Os anos de 1985, 2008 e 2009 foram definidos como secos. De fato, em relação Ă dinâmica hidrolĂłgica, percebeu -se uma diminuição (de 0,9% para 96%) das áreas das lagoas durante o referido perĂodo, em relação a suas áreas durante os perĂodos Ăşmidos. Os perĂodos de dĂ©ficit hidrolĂłgico foram observados durante os anos de 1995 e 2008 na zona ao norte e em outras zonas, respectivamente. AlĂ©m disso, os valores de q uantias excessivas mostraram uma resposta a ciclos climáticos, durante anos extremamente Ăşmidos (ou seja: 1998 (NO da área de estudo), 2001 (centro), 2002 (NE) e 2009, ao norte).Fil: Bohn, Vanesa Yael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de GeografĂa y Turismo; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de GeografĂa y Turismo; Argentin
Seasonal abundance and spatial distribution of Mysid acea in Southern West Atlantic, BahĂa Blanca Estuary (38Âş42’- 39Âş26’S and 62Âş28’- 61Âş40’W)
Two mysids species were present in the Bahia Blanca estuary: Arthromysis magellanica (Cunningham) and Neomysis americana (Smith). They were present in the estuary from August to March. The abundance of A. magellanica was highest, 31.92 ind.m -3 in spring and N. americana abundance reached a maximum of 10.91 ind.m -3 during midsummer. These high abundance values were coincident with the increment of the water temperature. The mean temperature value registered during the sa mpled period was 15.7°C. Both species were present from 10°C to 23.3°C and were absent from 6.6°C to 22°C . In agreement with the spatial distribution of both species, a relationship in the abundance of A. magellanica for the three sampling stations was not detected (ANOVA, n=8, P> 0.80) but there was a relationship in the abundance of N. americana for the three sampling stations (ANOVA, n=10, P 0.15).Dos especies de misidáceos estuvieron presentes en el estuario de BahĂa Blanca: Arthromysis magellanica (Cunningham) y Neomysis americana (Smith). Durante el periodo de estu dio ambas especies fueron detectadas desde agosto hasta marzo. A. magellanica fue más abundante durante la primavera, con un valor de 31,92 ind.m -3 mientras que N. americana lo fue durante el verano, con un valor de 10,91 ind.m -3 . Estos altos valores de abundancia fueron coincidentes con el aumento de la temperatura del agua. La temperatura media regi strada durante el perĂodo de muestreo fue de 15,7°C. El rango de temperatura de presencia para ambas especies fue de 10°C a 23,3°C. El rango de temperatura en el cual ambas especies estuvieron ausentes fue de 6,6°C a 22°C. En cuanto a la distribuciĂłn espa cial, no se detectĂł una relaciĂłn en la abundancia de A. magellanica para las tres estaciones de muestreo (ANOVA, n=8, P> 0,80). SĂ existiĂł una relaciĂłn en cuanto a la abundancia de N. americana (ANOVA, n=10, P 0,15).Fil: Cardelli Natalia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de BiologĂa, BioquĂmica y Farmacia. Laboratorio de ZoologĂa de Invertebrados II; ArgentinaFil: Cervellini, Patricia Marta. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de BiologĂa, BioquĂmica y Farmacia. Laboratorio de ZoologĂa de Invertebrados II; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de OceanografĂa; Argentin
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