Theoretical approach for the determination of the oden curves

A mathematical equation is presented for the Oden Curve which is employed to determine the grain size distribution of fine-grained suspended sediments. This equation has proved to give a satisfactory fit for more than 115 sample data collected from Bahia Blanca Estuary and offshore Monte Hermoso Beach. It has been possible to find parameters which represent intrinsic characteristics of the suspended sediment.Una expresión matemática es presentada para la Curva de Oden, la cual es empleada para determinar la granulometría de los sedimentos finos en suspensión. Esta ecuación ha ajustado satisfactoriamente más de 115 muestras extraídas en el Estuario de Bahía Blanca y la zona de externa de la playa de Monte Hermoso. Fueron encontrados parámetros que representan características intrísecas del sedimento en suspensión.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

ROS in cancer therapy: the bright side of the moon.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a group of highly reactive molecules that have evolved as regulators of important signaling pathways. It is now well accepted that moderate levels of ROS are required for several cellular functions, including gene expression. The production of ROS is elevated in tumor cells as a consequence of increased metabolic rate, gene mutation and relative hypoxia, and excess ROS are quenched by increased antioxidant enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways in the same cells. Moderate increases of ROS contribute to several pathologic conditions, among which are tumor promotion and progression, as they are involved in different signaling pathways and induce DNA mutation. However, ROS are also able to trigger programmed cell death (PCD). Our review will emphasize the molecular mechanisms useful for the development of therapeutic strategies that are based on modulating ROS levels to treat cancer. Specifically, we will report on the growing data that highlight the role of ROS generated by different metabolic pathways as Trojan horses to eliminate cancer cells

Effects of Density‐Driven Flows on the Long‐Term Morphodynamic Evolution of Funnel‐Shaped Estuaries

Subtidal flows driven by density gradients affect the tide‐averaged sediment transport in estuaries and, therefore, can influence their long‐term morphodynamic evolution. The three‐dimensional Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport modeling system is applied to numerically analyze the effects of baroclinicity and Earth\u27s rotation on the long‐term morphodynamic evolution of idealized funnel‐shaped estuaries. The morphodynamic evolution in all the analyzed cases reproduced structures identified in many tide‐dominated estuaries: a meandering region in the fluvial‐tidal transition zone, a tidal maximum area close to the head, and a turbidity maxima region in the brackish zone. As the morphology of the estuaries evolved, the tidal propagation (including its asymmetry), the salinity gradient, and the strength of subtidal flows changed, which reflects the strong bathymetric control of these systems. The comparison with barotropic simulations showed that the three‐dimensional structure of the flow (induced by density gradients) has leading order effects on the morphodynamic evolution. Density gradient‐driven subtidal flows (1) promote near‐bed flood dominance and, consequently, the import of sediment into the estuary, (2) accelerate the morphodynamic evolution of the upper/middle estuary, (3) promote a more concave shape of the upper estuary and reduce the ebb‐tidal delta volume, and (4) produce an asymmetric bathymetry and inhibit the formation of alternate bars that would form under barotropic conditions. This latter effect is the consequence of the combined effect of Earth\u27s rotation and baroclinicity

Aplicación de un método de interpolación en regiones costeras

La reconstrucción de los datos de campos heterogéneos no estacionarios obtenidos en campañas es un proceso que forma parte de los estudios costeros, por lo que es necesario implementartécnicas de interpolación que minimicen el error. En numerosas oportunidades, estas variables obtenidas en regiones costeras presentan falta de información espacial o temporal. Por otra parte, los valores obtenidos siempre están involucrados dentro de otros procesos, que involucran otras variables y parámetros. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados para resolversistemas de ecuaciones y pueden generar una propagación de errores significativos que se van acumulando con la resolución de los sistemas intervinientes. Apartir de lo manifestado, el Análisis Objetivo es un procedimiento de interpolación basado en el mapeo de Gauss-Markov que puede dar respuesta a las necesidades presentes. Algunos autores lo han aplicado, entre otros, en campos meteorológicos y oceanógraficos, además de ser una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para el análisis de datos de campo y en el diseño de arreglos observacionales. En este trabajo se propone analizar una implementación de la técnica de interpolación basada en el Análisis o Mapeo Objetivo aplicada a dos grupos de datos costeros de diferente índole espacial y temporalmente distribuidos. Los primeros fueron obtenidos en una planicie de marea y corresponden a mediciones de topografía utilizando un instrumento diseñado específicamente para realizar mediciones en zonas poco accesibles. El grupo de datos distribuidos en forma temporal se obtuvo mediante el empleo de un correntómetro acústico en un canal de marea a lo largo de un ciclo completo de marea. Los resultados se comparan con la solución obtenida con el método inverso de la distancia a través de la estimación de una curva de error. Esta curva se construye en base a la generación progresiva de huecos al azar hasta cubrir un 60% de los datos analizados. Posteriormente se reconstruyen los campos con los métodos propuestos graficando el error obtenido en función de la cantidad de huecos generados. Los resultados indican que las curvas de error para los dos grupos de datos obtenidas con el método basado en el Análisis Objetivo siempre son menores que con la inversa a la distancia. De las estimaciones obtenidas podemos inferir que el método basado en Análisis Objetivo representa mejor el comportamiento de los datos originales.Data reconstruction ofnon stationary heterogenic fields obtained at the study area is a process intrinsic in coastal studies, for that is necessary to implement interpolation techniques that minimize the involved error. In general, a measured variable in coastal regions presents gaps in spatial or temporal information. These variables are involved under other processes that evalúate other variables and parameters. The results could be used to solve system of equations that could propagate significative errors which can be accumulated at the intervenient systems. The Objective Analysis is an interpolation procedure based in the Gauss-Markov mapping that can provide answers to these needs. Some authors had applied this method in meteorological and oceanographic fields, besides that is a good data-analysistool and a basis for the design of observational arrays. In this work we propose to analyze an implementation ofthis interpolation technique based in the Objective analysis (or mapping), applied to two datasets of a different character from coastal regions. The first dataset is a topographic measurement from a tidal marsh using an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. The other dataset, temporally distributed, are current measurements on a tidal channel during a complete tidal cycle. The results are compared with the solution obtained with the Inverse Distance method trough the estimation of an error curve. This curve is constructed based in the progressive generation ofrandomly distributed gaps until cover a 60% ofthe analyzed data. Afterthat, the fields were reconstructed with the two methods plotting the error curve obtained as a function of gap number. The results suggest that the error curves for the two datasets using the Objective Analysis is always less than the Inverse Distance method. From the estimations we can infer that the Objective Analysis method represents in a better way the behavior of the original data.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración de la Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas (UNLP).Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

In vitro elicitation of intestinal immune Responses in Teleost Fish: evidence for a type IV hypersensitivity reaction in Rainbow Trout.

In fish the gut immune system has been the subject of few investigations until now. Here, we provide novel morphological and immunological data on the gut isolated from rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. The pyloric (P) and terminal (T) segments of trout gut, when morphologically examined, evidenced lymphocytes and macrophages (MO) loosely dispersed in the intestinal mucosa and in the lamina propria in the absence of typical Peyer's patches-like structures. Furthermore, incubation of P and T sections with Candida albicans (Ca) and functional analysis of supernatants generated some interesting results. In fact, active supernatants, when compared with controls, exhibited cytokine-like activities attributable to the presence of interferon (IFN)-gamma and migration inhibiting factor (MIF), respectively. In particular, IFN-gamma-like activity gave rise to an enhancement of Ca phagocytosis by MO, whereas MIF inhibited MO migration in agarose. Taken together, these in vitro data suggest that the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue in fish possesses the appropriate armamentarium to mount a type IV hypersensitivity response when challenged by microbial antigens

Phenological Mismatch Between Season Advancement and Migration Timing Alters Arctic Plant Traits

Climate change is creating phenological mismatches between herbivores and their plant resources throughout the Arctic. While advancing growing seasons and changing arrival times of migratory herbivores can have consequences for herbivores and forage quality, developing mismatches could also influence other traits of plants, such as above‐ and below‐ground biomass and the type of reproduction, that are often not investigated. In coastal western Alaska, we conducted a 3‐year factorial experiment that simulated scenarios of phenological mismatch by manipulating the start of the growing season (3 weeks early and ambient) and grazing times (3 weeks early, typical, 3 weeks late, or no‐grazing) of Pacific black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans), to examine how the timing of these events influence a primary goose forage species, Carex subspathacea. After 3 years, an advanced growing season compared to a typical growing season increased stem heights, standing dead biomass, and the number of inflorescences. Early season grazing compared to typical season grazing reduced above‐ and below‐ground biomass, stem height, and the number of tillers; while late season grazing increased the number of inflorescences and standing dead biomass. Therefore, an advanced growing season and late grazing had similar directional effects on most plant traits, but a 3‐week delay in grazing had an impact on traits 3–5 times greater than a similarly timed shift in the advancement of spring. In addition, changes in response to treatments for some variables, such as the number of inflorescences, were not measurable until the second year of the experiment, while other variables, such as root productivity and number of tillers, changed the direction of their responses to treatments over time. Synthesis. Factors affecting the timing of migration have a larger influence than earlier springs on an important forage species in the breeding and rearing habitats of Pacific black brant. The phenological mismatch prediction for this site of earlier springs and later goose arrival will likely increase above‐ and below‐ground biomass and sexual reproduction of the often‐clonally reproducing C. subspathacea. Finally, the implications of mismatch may be difficult to predict because some variables required successive years of mismatch to respond

Color plasma oscillation in strangelets

The dispersion relation and damping rate of longitudinal color plasmons in finite strange quark matter (strangelets) are evaluated in the limits of weak coupling, low temperature, and long wavelength. The property of the QCD vacuum surrounding a strangelet makes the frequency of the plasmons nearly the same as the color plasma frequency of bulk matter. The plasmons are damped by their coupling with individual excitations of particle-hole pairs of quarks, of which the energy levels are discretized by the boundary. For strangelets of macroscopic size, the lifetime of the plasmons is found to be proportional to the size, as in the case of the usual plasma oscillations in metal nanoparticles.Comment: 9 pages (REVTeX), 2 Postscript figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Exclusion Limits on the WIMP-Nucleon Cross-Section from the First Run of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan Underground Lab

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS-II) employs low-temperature Ge and Si detectors to seek Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering interactions with nuclei. Simultaneous measurements of both ionization and phonon energy provide discrimination against interactions of background particles. For recoil energies above 10 keV, events due to background photons are rejected with >99.99% efficiency. Electromagnetic events very near the detector surface can mimic nuclear recoils because of reduced charge collection, but these surface events are rejected with >96% efficiency by using additional information from the phonon pulse shape. Efficient use of active and passive shielding, combined with the the 2090 m.w.e. overburden at the experimental site in the Soudan mine, makes the background from neutrons negligible for this first exposure. All cuts are determined in a blind manner from in situ calibrations with external radioactive sources without any prior knowledge of the event distribution in the signal region. Resulting efficiencies are known to ~10%. A single event with a recoil of 64 keV passes all of the cuts and is consistent with the expected misidentification rate of surface-electron recoils. Under the assumptions for a standard dark matter halo, these data exclude previously unexplored parameter space for both spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering. The resulting limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic-scattering cross-section has a minimum of 4x10^-43 cm^2 at a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c^2. The minimum of the limit for the spin-dependent WIMP-neutron elastic-scattering cross-section is 2x10^-37 cm^2 at a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c^2.Comment: 37 pages, 42 figure

A facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) at the CERN SPS

A new general purpose fixed target facility is proposed at the CERN SPS accelerator which is aimed at exploring the domain of hidden particles and make measurements with tau neutrinos. Hidden particles are predicted by a large number of models beyond the Standard Model. The high intensity of the SPS 400~GeV beam allows probing a wide variety of models containing light long-lived exotic particles with masses below ${\cal O}$(10)~GeV/c$^2$, including very weakly interacting low-energy SUSY states. The experimental programme of the proposed facility is capable of being extended in the future, e.g. to include direct searches for Dark Matter and Lepton Flavour Violation.Comment: Technical Proposa