Eficiência de escórias de siderurgia na cultura do feijoeiro em sistema de semeadura direta

In the no till system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical properties, yield and bean nutrient uptake according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted in the field at College of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu (SP) from December 2010 to May2011. The treatments consisted of two application ways of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag, blast furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, stainless steel slag (agrosilício), wollastonite, lime and calcined dolomite lime, plus one control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. Soil acidity was neutralized down to 20cm with limestones, whereas for wollastonite and ladle furnace slag those effects occurred down to 10cm, for steel slag, blast furnace slag and agrosilício the corrective effect was restricted to the first 5cm. The bean yield increased by application of correctives in soil acidity, without differences between the application ways.Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rua Jose Barbosa de Barros, 1780 Jardim Paraiso, 18610-307, Botucatu, SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rua Jose Barbosa de Barros, 1780 Jardim Paraiso, 18610-307, Botucatu, S

Parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em diferentes hospedeiros e cores de cartelas

Species of the Trichogramma genus are the most studied and used natural enemies worldwide. The quality and performance of the mass-produced control agents can be influenced by some factors such as the choice of the appropriate host for multiplication of the parasitoid and the use of different colors of cards, given that these parasitoids may use physical stimuli such as color to help in locating the host. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of color cards on the parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum in eggs of Anagasta kuehniella and in eggs of two populations of Plutella xylostella, one reared on broccoli, the other on collard greens. Hosts' eggs were stuck to the different color cards. The selected colors were blue, yellow, green, pink, red and black. For every treatment, 20 replications were observed, and each was composed by 30 eggs of those hosts. Later the cards were exposed to parasitoid females individually in Eppendorf® tubes of 2.0 mL containing one honey droplet for feeding for 24 hours. The number of parasitized eggs and the emergence percentage were evaluated. The strain Tp-8 of T. pretiosum presented better greater parasitism in A. kuehniella eggs. The feeding substratum of P. xylostella (collard greens and broccoli) did not influence the parasitism of T. pretiosum. Thus for mass rearing of T. pretiosum, blue, green and white color cards are most suitable.Espécies do gênero Trichogramma são dos inimigos naturais os mais estudados e utilizados atualmente no mundo. A qualidade e o desempenho desses agentes de controle produzidos massalmente podem ser influenciados por alguns fatores, tais como a escolha do hospedeiro adequado para multiplicação do parasitoide e a utilização de diferentes cores de cartelas, haja vista que estes parasitoides podem utilizar estímulos físicos como cor para facilitar a localização do hospedeiro. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar à influência de cores de cartelas no parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum que foi submetido a ovos do hospedeiro alternativo Anagasta kuehniella e duas populações de Plutella xylostella, sendo uma delas criada no substrato brócolis e a outra em couve. Ovos dos hospedeiros foram aderidos às cartelas de papel cartão, sendo que as cores selecionadas foram: azul, amarela, verde, rosa, vermelha e preta. Para cada tratamento foram observadas 20 repetições, cada uma composta por 30 ovos dos hospedeiros. Posteriormente, as cartelas foram expostas às fêmeas do parasitoide individualizadas em tubos tipo Eppendorf® de 2,0 mL que continha uma gotícula de mel para alimentação delas por 24 horas, em teste de confinamento. Foram avaliados o número de ovos parasitados e a porcentagem de emergência. A linhagem Tp-8 de T. pretiosum apresentou maior parasitismo em ovos de A. kuehniella. Os substratos de alimentação de P. xylostella (couve e brócolis) não influenciam o parasitismo de T. pretiosum. As cores de cartelas indicadas para a condução da criação massal de T. pretiosum são azul, verde e branco.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Laboratorio de Biologia e Criacao de Insetos, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Laboratorio de Biologia e Criacao de Insetos, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazi

Brachiaria brizantha control by using fluazifop-p-butil on Tifton 85 pasture formation

This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the efficacy of the fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide to control Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Marandu, in the formation of Tifton 85 grazing. Treatments consisted of five doses of fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide (0.0, 62.5, 125.0, 187.5 and 250.0 g ha-1) plus controls with no herbicide, in a completely randomized layout, with four replications. Each plot consisted of a 10-L capacity pot, with two B. brizantha plants and two Tifton 85 plants. The herbicide application was conducted before the tillage of B. brizantha, when they were about 15 cm high. Visual assessments of control of B. brizantha and intoxication of Tifton 85 plants, at 07, 21 and 45 days after application were carried out. Sixty days after application, plants were harvested at ground level and oven-dried. Regrowth was assessed in the same manner, 60 days after cutting, to determine their dry weight. Control of B. brizantha was noted to be above 50%, from doses of 218.75 g ha-1 at 45 days after application. The fluazifop-p-butylherbicide did not show to be efficient in the control of B. brizantha in the doses assessed and caused intoxication to Tifton 85 plants