2,313 research outputs found

    Metals recovery from spent Zn-MnO2 batteries by Hydrometallurgy

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    A hydrometallurgical process for recycling spent Zn-MnO2 batteries was developed, involving leaching with sulfuric acid, purification by precipitation and metals separation for further recovery. Leaching of zinc oxide was easily attained while for manganese oxide was rather difficult depending on temperature and acid concentration. At 90ÂșC and with the liquid/solid ratio of 20 L/kg, more than 95% of zinc is recovered in 30 minutes with 0.5M H2SO4. To attain similar recovery for manganese, higher levels of acid concentration and time are needed (e.g 0.7 M and 2 hours). After leaching a purification step is necessary to remove iron co-dissolved through Fe(III) precipitation. Separation of zinc from manganese by solvent extraction with 1M DEHPA follows in the process route. The countercurrent multistage separation diagram developed allows the production of a zinc electrolyte with 120 g/L Zn and 0.005 g/L Mn, and a raffinate with 16 g/L Mn and 0.013 g/L Zn

    Otite MĂ©dia Aguda no Pequeno Lactente

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    Introdução: A otite mĂ©dia aguda (OMA) Ă© uma patologia comum na infĂąncia mas rara abaixo dos 3 meses de idade Objectivos: Caracterizar a OMA e avaliar eventuais factores de risco no pequeno lactente. MĂ©todos: Estudo descritivo, de 2005 a 2009 em lactentes com menos de trĂȘs meses, internados por OMA. Analisaram-se idade, sexo, factores de risco (FR) comorbilidades, clĂ­nica, terapĂȘutica e evolução. A avaliação de factores de risco foi realizada com grupo de controlo emparelhado para a idade. Resultados: Registaram-se 58 casos (18 recĂ©m-nascidos) com mediana de idades de 30 dias. Em 50 (86,2%) casos havia pelo menos um factor de risco: leite para lactentes exclusivo (31), agregado familiar com um irmĂŁo (31), uso de chupeta (18), atopia familiar (14), pai fumador (12), regurgitação frequente (11), mĂŁe fumadora (10), refluxo gastroesofĂĄgico (5) e prematuridade (4). Trinta e quatro crianças (58,6%) tinham dois ou mais FR. Registaram-se infecçÔes virais prĂ©vias em 38 doentes e nenhum caso cursou com bacteriĂ©mia ou doença invasiva. A mediana do valor dos leucĂłcitos foi 10960/ÎŒL e a proteĂ­na C reactiva (PCR) 0,44 mg/dL. Todos fizeram antibioticoterapia endovenosa, a maioria (69%) com ampicilina e gentamicina (mediana de 7 dias). Foram FR para a ocorrĂȘncia de otite ter pelo menos um irmĂŁo (p<0,00; OR=0,033; IC 95% 0,006-0,179), a mĂŁe ser fumadora (p<0,019; OR 0,125; IC 95% 0,022-0,715) e prematuridade (p<0,009; OR 1,047; IC 95% 1,011-1,084). O sexo masculino (p=0,698), baixo peso (p=0,548), leite para lactentes exclusivo (p=0,301), uso de chupeta (p=0,101), regurgitação (p=0,646), refluxo gastro-esofĂĄgico p=0,594), atopia familiar (p=0,651) e pai fumador (p=0,609) nĂŁo foram estatisticamente significativos para OMA. Foram contactados 30/58 crianças registando-se otites recorrentes em 15 (50%) com associação estatisticamente significativa entre a recorrĂȘncia de OMA e o sexo masculino (43,3%vs6,7%, p=0,03). ComentĂĄrios: A OMA no pequeno lactente cursa habitualmente sem repercussĂŁo sistĂ©mica pelo que a terapĂȘutica endovenosa provavelmente sĂł serĂĄ necessĂĄria no recĂ©m-nascido dada a imaturidade farmacocinĂ©tica deste grupo etĂĄrio. A presença de pelo menos um irmĂŁo no agregado familiar, a prematuridade e mĂŁe ser fumadora foram neste estudo factores de risco para a ocorrĂȘncia de OMA e o sexo masculino para a recorrĂȘncia

    Acute Otitis Media in Infants Less than Three Months

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    Introdução: A otite mĂ©dia aguda (OMA) Ă© uma das patologias infecciosas bacterianas mais comuns na infĂąncia, mas rara abaixo dos trĂȘs meses de idade e ainda pouco estudada neste grupo etĂĄrio. Objectivos: Descrever os casos de OMA em lactentes com idade inferior a trĂȘs meses e avaliar a importĂąncia de potenciais factores de risco no aparecimento de doença assim como na sua recorrĂȘncia. MĂ©todos: Estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo de lactentes com menos de trĂȘs meses internados por OMA entre 2005 e 2009. Avaliação de eventuais factores de risco para a ocorrĂȘncia e recorrĂȘncia de OMA atravĂ©s de estudo analĂ­tico longitudinal retrospectivo de caso-controlo. Resultados: Registaram-se 58 casos (18 recĂ©m-nascidos) com mediana de idades de 30 dias. Todos foram submetidos a terapĂȘutica antibiĂłtica endovenosa (mediana de sete dias), mas nĂŁo se registaram casos de doença invasiva. Registou-se em 86,2% dos casos (50/58) pelo menos um factor de risco: fĂłrmula para lactentes exclusiva (31/58, 53,4%), agregado familiar com pelo menos um irmĂŁo (31/58, 53,4%), uso de chupeta (18/58, 31%), atopia familiar (14/58, 24,1%), pai fumador (12/58, 20,7%), regurgitação frequente (11/58, 19%), mĂŁe fumadora (10/58, 17,2%), refluxo gastroesofĂĄgico (5/58, 8,6%), baixo peso (5/58, 8,6%) e prematuridade (4/58, 6,9%). Contudo, aqueles em que se encontrou significĂąncia estatĂ­stica (por regressĂŁo logĂ­stica) foram: prematuridade p<0,009;OR=1,047; IC95%), mĂŁe fumadora (p<0,019;OR=0,125;IC95%) e agregado familiar com pelo menos um irmĂŁo (p<0,00;OR=0,033;IC95%). Registaram- se otites recorrentes em 15/30 (50%) lactentes, mais frequentemente no sexo masculino (43,3%vs6,7%, p=0,038). ConclusĂ”es: Em lactentes com idade inferior a trĂȘs meses, a prematuridade, mĂŁe fumadora e presença de um agregado familiar com pelo menos um irmĂŁo constituem factores de risco para a ocorrĂȘncia de OMA, sendo a sua recorrĂȘncia mais frequente no sexo masculino

    Enterprise Ionic Liquids Database (ILUAM) for Use in Aspen ONE Programs Suite with COSMO-Based Property Methods

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    “This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher . To access the final and published work see Enterprise Ionic Liquids Database (ILUAM) for Use in Aspen ONE Programs Suite with COSMO-Based Property Methods V. R. Ferro, C. Moya, D. Moreno, R. Santiago, J. de Riva, G. Pedrosa, M. Larriba, I. Diaz, and J. Palomar Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2018 57 (3), 980-989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04031An enterprise database of pure ionic liquids (ILs) for its use in the Aspen ONE programs is presented. The database is identified as ILUAM, and the first version (ILUAM01) contains 100 ILs composed of 30 cations and 23 anions. The IL components were introduced in Aspen Properties as pseudocomponents using information from the computational COSMO-RS method and from experimental viscosity data. ILUAM database was created to be used along with the COSMOSAC property model implemented in Aspen Plus, allowing evaluating IL process performance without needing further experimental data. Some validation tests were carried out to demonstrate the successful incorporation of ILs in the Aspen Plus property system. Then, the performance of ILUAM01 database in thermodynamic property predictions of mixtures involving ILs and conventional chemical compounds was revised in terms of activity coefficients at infinite dilution and phase equilibrium data. The property description of pure ILs and IL mixtures with conventional chemical compounds using COSMO-based/Aspen Plus approach was found with the accuracy level required in the conceptual design of new processes. ILUAM database offers the opportunity of performing systematic evaluation of potential industrial applications of ILs and their competitiveness as alternative to conventional solvents.The authors are grateful to the Comunidad de Madrid (project S2013- MAE-2800) and to the Ministerio de EconomĂ­a y Competitividad of Spain (Project CTQ2014-52288-R) for financial support. M. Larriba also thanks Ministerio de EconomĂ­a y Competitividad of Spain for awarding him a Juan de la Cierva-FormaciĂłn Contract (Reference FJCI-2015-25343

    Exact exchange-correlation potential for a time-dependent two electron system

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    We obtain an exact solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation for a two-electron system confined to a plane by an isotropic parabolic potential whose curvature is periodically modulated in time. From this solution we compute the exact time-dependent exchange correlation potential v_xc which enters the Kohn-Sham equation of time-dependent density functional theory. Our exact result provides a benchmark against which various approximate forms for v_xc can be compared. Finally v_xc is separated in an adiabatic and a pure dynamical part and it is shown that, for the particular system studied, the dynamical part is negligible.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

    Managing affect in learners' questions in undergraduate science

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    This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2012 Society for Research into Higher Education.This article aims to position students' classroom questioning within the literature surrounding affect and its impact on learning. The article consists of two main sections. First, the act of questioning is discussed in order to highlight how affect shapes the process of questioning, and a four-part genesis to question-asking that we call CARE is described: the construction, asking, reception and evaluation of a learner's question. This work is contextualised through studies in science education and through our work with university students in undergraduate chemistry, although conducted in the firm belief that it has more general application. The second section focuses on teaching strategies to encourage and manage learners' questions, based here upon the conviction that university students in this case learn through questioning, and that an inquiry-based environment promotes better learning than a simple ‘transmission’ setting. Seven teaching strategies developed from the authors' work are described, where university teachers ‘scaffold’ learning through supporting learners' questions, and working with these to structure and organise the content and the shape of their teaching. The article concludes with a summary of the main issues, highlighting the impact of the affective dimension of learning through questioning, and a discussion of the implications for future research
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