Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection

Purpose: To review the literature on the presence of two clinical manifestations in patients presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia). Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020; also, the references of the selected articles were evaluated for methodological quality. Results: Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia as symptoms in patients who were tested and resulted positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In a total of 10,818 patients, 8,823 presented ageusia (81.6%; range 5.6%-88%) and 8,088 presented anosmia (74.8%; range 5.1-85.6%). Only one study recorded both symptoms with a percentage of 18.6%

PROPHYLAXIS WITH rFVIIa BEFORE THIRD MOLAR EXTRACTION IN A PATIENT WITH FACTOR VII DEFICIENCY

PROPHYLAXIS WITH rFVIIa BEFORE THIRD MOLAR EXTRACTION IN A PATIENT WITH FACTOR VII DEFICIENC

Clinical and radiographic assessment of implant-supported rehabilitation of partial and complete edentulism: a 2 to 8 years clinical follow-up

The aim of this study was to find out the rates of survival and success of implant rehabilitation, and the influence of some risk indicators on the medium- and long-term prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of the 102 patients eligible for this study rehabilitated with dental implants during the years 2009-2015, 75 patients with 156 implants of different implant systems placed and loaded by the same team were recalled. For each subject, pocket-probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque buildup, mobility of the fixtures, and the presence/absence of prosthetic complications were recorded. Radiographic evaluation was based on the analysis of bone levels around the fixtures, as shown by intraoral radiographs. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 4.4 years, ranging from 1.5 to 7.8 years. One hundred and fifty-four of the implants survived, while two implants failed; 98.8% of the prostheses survived, while 75.9% were successful. Success was achieved in 90.4% of implants and in 80% of patients. The sample showed average radiographic bone resorption of 1.09 mm. The average pocket probing depth was 2.79 mm. Bleeding on probing was found in 18% of all sites, and 59.6% of implants showed bleeding on probing in at least one site. Mucositis was found in 90% of patients, and peri-implantitis was found in 16% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of success and survival showed the reliability of implant therapy. Plaque accumulation, smoking and upper jaw location, seem to increase the risk of failure of implant-supported rehabilitation

Use of whole genome sequencing to determine the microevolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during an outbreak

RATIONALE: Current tools available to study the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis do not provide information about the directionality and sequence of transmission for tuberculosis cases occurring over a short period of time, such as during an outbreak. Recently, whole genome sequencing has been used to study molecular epidemiology of over short time periods. OBJECTIVE: To describe the microevolution of during an outbreak caused by one drug-susceptible strain. METHOD AND MEASUREMENTS: We included 9 patients with tuberculosis diagnosed during a period of 22 months, from a population-based study of the molecular epidemiology in San Francisco. Whole genome sequencing was performed using Illumina's sequencing by synthesis technology. A custom program written in Python was used to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms which were confirmed by PCR product Sanger sequencing. MAIN RESULTS: We obtained an average of 95.7% (94.1-96.9%) coverage for each isolate and an average fold read depth of 73 (1 to 250). We found 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms among the 9 isolates. The single nucleotide polymorphisms data confirmed all except one known epidemiological link. The outbreak strain resulted in 5 bacterial variants originating from the index case A1 with 0-2 mutations per transmission event that resulted in a secondary case. CONCLUSIONS: Whole genome sequencing analysis from a recent outbreak of tuberculosis enabled us to identify microevolutionary events observable during transmission, to determine 0-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms per transmission event that resulted in a secondary case, and to identify new epidemiologic links in the chain of transmissio