20 research outputs found

    Trichomonas vaginalis: Clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis

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    Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Trichomoniasis is a widespread, global health concern and occurring at an increasing rate. Infections of the female genital tract can cause a range of symptoms, including vaginitis and cervicitis, while infections in males are generally asymptomatic. The relatively mild symptoms, and lack of evidence for any serious sequelae, have historically led to this disease being under diagnosed, and under researched. However, growing evidence that T. vaginalis infection is associated with other disease states with high morbidity in both men and women has increased the efforts to diagnose and treat patients harboring this parasite. The pathology of trichomoniasis results from damage to the host epithelia, caused by a variety of processes during infection and recent work has highlighted the complex interactions between the parasite and host, commensal microbiome and accompanying symbionts. The commercial release of a number of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) has added to the available diagnostic options. Immunoassay based Point of Care testing is currently available, and a recent initial evaluation of a NAAT Point of Care system has given promising results, which would enable testing and treatment in a single visit

    Observation of Two New Excited Ξb0 States Decaying to Λb0 K-π+

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    Two narrow resonant states are observed in the Λb0K-π+ mass spectrum using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb-1. The minimal quark content of the Λb0K-π+ system indicates that these are excited Ξb0 baryons. The masses of the Ξb(6327)0 and Ξb(6333)0 states are m[Ξb(6327)0]=6327.28-0.21+0.23±0.12±0.24 and m[Ξb(6333)0]=6332.69-0.18+0.17±0.03±0.22 MeV, respectively, with a mass splitting of Δm=5.41-0.27+0.26±0.12 MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the Λb0 mass measurement. The measured natural widths of these states are consistent with zero, with upper limits of Γ[Ξb(6327)0]<2.20(2.56) and Γ[Ξb(6333)0]<1.60(1.92) MeV at a 90% (95%) credibility level. The significance of the two-peak hypothesis is larger than nine (five) Gaussian standard deviations compared to the no-peak (one-peak) hypothesis. The masses, widths, and resonant structure of the new states are in good agreement with the expectations for a doublet of 1D Ξb0 resonances

    Hierarchical Population Genetic Structure in a Direct Developing Antarctic Marine Invertebrate

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    Hoffman J, Clarke A, Clark MS, Peck LS. Hierarchical Population Genetic Structure in a Direct Developing Antarctic Marine Invertebrate. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5): e63954.Understanding the relationship between life-history variation and population structure in marine invertebrates is not straightforward. This is particularly true of polar species due to the difficulty of obtaining samples and a paucity of genomic resources from which to develop nuclear genetic markers. Such knowledge, however, is essential for understanding how different taxa may respond to climate change in the most rapidly warming regions of the planet. We therefore used over two hundred polymorphic Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) to explore population connectivity at three hierachical spatial scales in the direct developing Antarctic topshell Margarella antarctica. To previously published data from five populations spanning a 1500 km transect along the length of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, we added new AFLP data for four populations separated by up to 6 km within Ryder Bay, Adelaide Island. Overall, we found a nonlinear isolation-by-distance pattern, suggestive of weaker population structure within Ryder Bay than is present over larger spatial scales. Nevertheless, significantly positive Fst values were obtained in all but two of ten pairwise population comparisons within the bay following Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. This is in contrast to a previous study of the broadcast spawner Nacella concinna that found no significant genetic differences among several of the same sites. By implication, the topshell's direct-developing lifestyle may constrain its ability to disperse even over relatively small geographic scales

    DEXA measures of body fat percentage and acute phase proteins among breast cancer survivors: a Cross-Sectional Analysis

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>C-reactive protein (CRP) and Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) increases with systemic inflammation and are related to worse survival for breast cancer survivors. This study examines the association between percent body fat and SAA and CRP and the potential interaction with NSAID use and weight change.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Participants included 134 non-Hispanic white and Hispanic breast cancer survivors from the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study. Body fat percentage, measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometer (DEXA), and circulating levels of CRP and SAA were obtained 30 months after breast cancer diagnosis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Circulating concentrations of CRP and SAA were associated with increased adiposity as measured by DEXA after adjustment for age at 24-months, race/ethnicity, dietary energy intake, weight change, and NSAID use. Survivors with higher body fat ≥35% had significantly higher concentrations of CRP (2.01 mg/l vs. 0.85 mg/l) and SAA (6.21 mg/l vs. 4.21 mg/l) compared to non-obese (body fat < 35%). Women who had gained more than 5% of their body weight since breast cancer diagnosis had non-statistically significant higher geometric mean levels of CRP and SAA. Mean levels of CRP and SAA were higher among obese women who were non-users of NSAIDs compared to current users; the association with SAA reached statistical significance (Mean SAA = 7.24, 95%CI 6.13-8.56 for non-NSAID; vs. 4.87; 95%CI 3.95-6.0 for NSAID users respectively).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Breast cancer survivors with higher body fat had higher mean concentrations of CRP and SAA than women with lower body fat. Further assessment of NSAID use and weight control in reducing circulating inflammatory markers among survivors may be worthwhile to investigate in randomized intervention trials as higher inflammatory markers are associated with worse survival.</p

    Dalitz plot analysis of the D+ -&gt; K-K+K+ decay

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    The resonant structure of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D + →K − K + K + is studied for the first time. The measurement is based on a sample of pp-collision data, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb −1 . The amplitude analysis of this decay is performed with the isobar model and a phenomenological model based on an effective chiral Lagrangian. In both models the S-wave component in the K − K + system is dominant, with a small contribution of the ϕ(1020) meson and a negligible contribution from tensor resonances. The K + K − scattering amplitudes for the considered combinations of spin (0,1) and isospin (0,1) of the two-body system are obtained from the Dalitz plot fit with the phenomenological decay amplitude

    Observation of New Resonances Decaying to J=Psi K plus and J=Psi phi

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    none962siThe first observation of exotic states with a new quark content cc¯us¯ decaying to the J/ψK+ final state is reported with high significance from an amplitude analysis of the B+→J/ψφK+ decay. The analysis is carried out using proton-proton collision data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb-1 collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The most significant state, Zcs(4000)+, has a mass of 4003±6-14+4 MeV, a width of 131±15±26 MeV, and spin parity JP=1+, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. A new 1+ X(4685) state decaying to the J/ψφ final state is also observed with high significance. In addition, the four previously reported J/ψφ states are confirmed and two more exotic states, Zcs(4220)+ and X(4630), are observed with significance exceeding 5 standard deviations.mixedAaij R.; Abellan Beteta C.; Ackernley T.; Adeva B.; Adinolfi M.; Afsharnia H.; Aidala C.A.; Aiola S.; Ajaltouni Z.; Akar S.; Albrecht J.; Alessio F.; Alexander M.; Alfonso Albero A.; Aliouche Z.; Alkhazov G.; Alvarez Cartelle P.; Amato S.; Amhis Y.; An L.; Anderlini L.; Andreianov A.; Andreotti M.; Archilli F.; Artamonov A.; Artuso M.; Arzymatov K.; Aslanides E.; Atzeni M.; Audurier B.; Bachmann S.; Bachmayer M.; Back J.J.; Baker S.; Baladron Rodriguez P.; Balagura V.; Baldini W.; Baptista Leite J.; Barlow R.J.; Barsuk S.; Barter W.; Bartolini M.; Baryshnikov F.; Basels J.M.; Bassi G.; Batsukh B.; Battig A.; Bay A.; Becker M.; Bedeschi F.; Bediaga I.; Beiter A.; Belavin V.; Belin S.; Bellee V.; Belous K.; Belov I.; Belyaev I.; Bencivenni G.; Ben-Haim E.; Berezhnoy A.; Bernet R.; Berninghoff D.; Bernstein H.C.; Bertella C.; Bertolin A.; Betancourt C.; Betti F.; Bezshyiko I.; Bhasin S.; Bhom J.; Bian L.; Bieker M.S.; Bifani S.; Billoir P.; Birch M.; Bishop F.C.R.; Bitadze A.; Bizzeti A.; Bjorn M.; Blago M.P.; Blake T.; Blanc F.; Blusk S.; Bobulska D.; Boelhauve J.A.; Boente Garcia O.; Boettcher T.; Boldyrev A.; Bondar A.; Bondar N.; Borghi S.; Borisyak M.; Borsato M.; Borsuk J.T.; Bouchiba S.A.; Bowcock T.J.V.; Boyer A.; Bozzi C.; Bradley M.J.; Braun S.; Brea Rodriguez A.; Brodski M.; Brodzicka J.; Brossa Gonzalo A.; Brundu D.; Buonaura A.; Burr C.; Bursche A.; Butkevich A.; Butter J.S.; Buytaert J.; Byczynski W.; Cadeddu S.; Cai H.; Calabrese R.; Calefice L.; Calero Diaz L.; Cali S.; Calladine R.; Calvi M.; Calvo Gomez M.; Camargo Magalhaes P.; Camboni A.; Campana P.; Campoverde Quezada A.F.; Capelli S.; Capriotti L.; Carbone A.; Carboni G.; Cardinale R.; Cardini A.; Carli I.; Carniti P.; Carus L.; Carvalho Akiba K.; Casais Vidal A.; Casse G.; Cattaneo M.; Cavallero G.; Celani S.; Cerasoli J.; 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    Tests of Lepton Universality Using B-0 -> K(S)(0)l(+) l(-) and B+ -> K*(+)l(+)l(-) Decays

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    Tests of lepton universality in B-0 -> K(S)(0)l(+)l(-) and B+ -> K*(+)l(+)l(-) decays where l is either an electron or a muon are presented. The differential branching fractions of B-0 -> K(S)(0)e(+)e(-) and B+ -> K*(+)e(+)e(-) decays are measured in intervals of the dilepton invariant mass squared. The measurements are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb(-1). The results are consistent with the standard model and previous tests of lepton universality in related decay modes. The first observation of B-0 -> K(S)(0)e(+)e(-) and B+ -> K*(+)e(+)e(-) decays is reported
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