13,170 research outputs found
On the beneficial role of noise in resistive switching
We study the effect of external noise on resistive switching. Experimental
results on a manganite sample are presented showing that there is an optimal
noise amplitude that maximizes the contrast between high and low resistive
states. By means of numerical simulations, we study the causes underlying the
observed behavior. We find that experimental results can be related to general
characteristics of the equations governing the system dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Frequency and Circadian Timing of Eating May Influence Biomarkers of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Associated with Breast Cancer Risk.
Emerging evidence suggests that there is interplay between the frequency and circadian timing of eating and metabolic health. We examined the associations of eating frequency and timing with metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers putatively associated with breast cancer risk in women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination 2009-2010 Survey. Eating frequency and timing variables were calculated from 24-hour food records and included (1) proportion of calories consumed in the evening (5 pm-midnight), (2) number of eating episodes per day, and (3) nighttime fasting duration. Linear regression models examined each eating frequency and timing exposure variable with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Each 10 percent increase in the proportion of calories consumed in the evening was associated with a 3 percent increase in CRP. Conversely, eating one additional meal or snack per day was associated with an 8 percent reduction in CRP. There was a significant interaction between proportion of calories consumed in the evening and fasting duration with CRP (p = 0.02). A longer nighttime fasting duration was associated with an 8 percent lower CRP only among women who ate less than 30% of their total daily calories in the evening (p = 0.01). None of the eating frequency and timing variables were significantly associated with HOMA-IR. These findings suggest that eating more frequently, reducing evening energy intake, and fasting for longer nightly intervals may lower systemic inflammation and subsequently reduce breast cancer risk. Randomized trials are needed to validate these associations
Large deviations of reaction fluxes
We study a system of interacting particles that randomly react to form new particles. The reaction flux is the rescaled number of reactions that take place in a time interval. We prove a dynamic large-deviation principle for the reaction fluxes under general assumptions that include mass-action kinetics. This result immediately implies the dynamic large deviations for the empirical concentration
Dynamical large deviations of countable reaction networks under a weak reversibility condition
A dynamic large deviations principle for a countable reaction network including coagulation--fragmentation models is proved. The rate function is represented as the infimal cost of the reaction fluxes and a minimiser for this variational problem is shown to exist. A weak reversibility condition is used to control the boundary behaviour and to guarantee a representation for the optimal fluxes via a Lagrange multiplier that can be used to construct the changes of measure used in standard tilting arguments. Reflecting the pure jump nature of the approximating processes, their paths are treated as elements of a BV function space
N=2 Gauge Theories: Congruence Subgroups, Coset Graphs and Modular Surfaces
We establish a correspondence between generalized quiver gauge theories in
four dimensions and congruence subgroups of the modular group, hinging upon the
trivalent graphs which arise in both. The gauge theories and the graphs are
enumerated and their numbers are compared. The correspondence is particularly
striking for genus zero torsion-free congruence subgroups as exemplified by
those which arise in Moonshine. We analyze in detail the case of index 24,
where modular elliptic K3 surfaces emerge: here, the elliptic j-invariants can
be recast as dessins d'enfant which dictate the Seiberg-Witten curves.Comment: 42+1 pages, 5 figures; various helpful comments incorporate
Search for the electric dipole moment of the electron with thorium monoxide
The electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) is a signature of
CP-violating physics beyond the Standard Model. We describe an ongoing
experiment to measure or set improved limits to the eEDM, using a cold beam of
thorium monoxide (ThO) molecules. The metastable state in ThO
has important advantages for such an experiment. We argue that the statistical
uncertainty of an eEDM measurement could be improved by as much as 3 orders of
magnitude compared to the current experimental limit, in a first-generation
apparatus using a cold ThO beam. We describe our measurements of the state
lifetime and the production of ThO molecules in a beam, which provide crucial
data for the eEDM sensitivity estimate. ThO also has ideal properties for the
rejection of a number of known systematic errors; these properties and their
implications are described.Comment: v2: Equation (11) correcte
The space of bounded variation with infinite-dimensional codomain
We study functions of bounded variation with values in a Banach or in a metric space. We provide several equivalent notions of variations and provide the notion of a time derivative in this abstract setting. We study four distinct topologies on the space of bounded variations and provide some insight into the structure of these topologies. In particular, we study the meaning of convergence, duality and regularity for these topologies and provide some useful compactness criteria, also related to the classical Aubin-Lions theorem. We finally provide some useful applications to stochastic processes
Large deviations for Markov jump processes with uniformly diminishing rates
We prove a large-deviation principle (LDP) for the sample paths of jump Markov processes in the small noise limit when, possibly, all the jump rates vanish uniformly, but slowly enough, in a region of the state space. We further show that our assumptions on the decay of the jump rates are optimal. As a direct application of this work we relax the assumptions needed for the application of LDPs to, e.g., Chemical Reaction Network dynamics, where vanishing reaction rates arise naturally particularly the context of Mass action kinetics
Large deviations for Markov jump processes with uniformly diminishing rates
We prove a large-deviation principle (LDP) for the sample paths of jump Markov processes in the small noise limit when, possibly, all the jump rates vanish uniformly, but slowly enough, in a region of the state space. We further discuss the optimality of our assumptions on the decay of the jump rates. As a direct application of this work we relax the assumptions needed for the application of LDPs to, e.g., Chemical Reaction Network dynamics, where vanishing reaction rates arise naturally particularly the context of mass action kinetics
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