Characterization of individuals with fluency disorders at the Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Clinic USP - Bauru

OBJETIVO: caracterizar a população de indivíduos atendidos na Clínica de Distúrbios da Fluência do Curso de Fonoaudiologia da USP (Bauru), de 1992 a 2005, quanto à idade, gênero, queixa inicial, diagnóstico fonoaudiológico, antecedentes familiares, manifestações, gravidade e frequência, além de possíveis alterações associadas, comparando tais dados com a literatura estudada. MÉTODOS: análise de 194 prontuários da população acima referida por meio do preenchimento de protocolo com questões referentes às variáveis propostas no objetivo. RESULTADOS: dos 194 prontuários, 140 pertenciam a pacientes do sexo masculino (72% da amostra) e 54 (28%), do feminino. Entre as queixas relatadas, 68% (n=132) eram de gagueira, 23% (n=45) referiam-se a outros distúrbios da fluência (taquifemia, distúrbio motor da fala) e outras 9% (n=17) estavam associadas a alterações vocais, linguagem oral e/ou escrita e fala. Quanto a antecedentes familiares, 57% (n=110) tinham na família mais de um parente com alterações na fala e/ou linguagem. As manifestações das disfluências, citadas em 54% dos prontuários (n=105) dos indivíduos diagnosticados com gagueira, foram bloqueios, repetições e prolongamentos. Constatou-se histórico de atraso de linguagem nos casos de gagueira em 31% dos casos (n=60). CONCLUSÃO: com base nos dados encontrados, conclui-se que a população estudada caracteriza-se por apresentar: início dos primeiros sintomas entre 1 e 5 anos, maior acometimento no gênero masculino, histórico familiar e de atraso de fala e linguagem positivo, manifestações predominantes de repetição de sílabas, bloqueios, bloqueios acompanhados de prolongamentos e hesitações.PURPOSE: to characterize the population of subjects with fluency disorders as for age, gender, initial complaint, speech therapy diagnosis, family history, manifestations, degree of severity and frequency of disfluency and possible associated alterations, comparing the data to literature. METHODS: analysis of 194 medical records of individuals with fluency disorders at the Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Clinic at USP (Bauru Campus), through a protocol containing questions related to the items proposed in the objective. RESULTS: from the 194 medical records, 140 were male (72% of the sample) and 54 (28%) female; among the reported complaints, 68% (132 medical records) were about stuttering, 23% (n=45) regarding other fluency disorders (tachyphemia, motor speech disorders, etc) and others 9% (n=17) had associated complaints (vocal alterations, oral and/or written language and speech). With regard to family history, 57% (n=110) had more than one relative in their family with speech and/or language alterations. The manifestations of disfluency cited in 54% of the medical records (n=105) from subjects diagnosed with stuttering were blocks, repetitions and prolongations. A history of language retardation was ascertained in cases of stuttering in 31% of the cases (60 medical records), which, together with the other symptoms described in literature, should be taken into consideration when carrying out an early diagnosis. CONCLUSION: based on the found data, we concluded that the studied population is characterized for showing the following: the beginning of the first symptoms between 1 and 5-year old, greater involvement of males, a positive family history and late speech and language; , disfluency manifestation found were repetition of syllables, block, block accompanied by extensions and hesitations.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Agronomic Biofortification in Caupi Beans with Lithium

Biofortification of basic crops is ideal because of the broader consumption of staple foods by the majority of the population. Beans are one of the main constituents of many Brazilian dishes, for urban and rural populations. Li is essential to the mental and behavioral health of human beings. The objective of this work was to study the assimilation of Lithium (Li) by cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata), with the application of lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The study was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 3 arrangement, with five doses of Li (0; 10; 20; 30 and 40 mg kg-1); and three cultivars of Caupi beans (BRS Cauamé, BRS Itaim and BRS Nova Era) with four replicates. The application was performed via foliar, and the doses were divided into two applications of equal proportions, spaced in 15 days. Each experimental plot was represented by a vessel containing 10 kg of soil. Stem diameter, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of grains per pod, insertion of the first pod, plant height, mass of 100 grains, grain yield, lithium content, total nitrogen, crude protein and lipid content. The agronomic biofortification with Li occurred positively with the application of up to 26 kg Li ha-1 for the three cultivars, with up to 159.38% increase over the treatment without Li application. The results indicate that it is possible to increase the Li doses in Caupi with the use of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) in foliar fertilization

Significance and insights from indigenous communities in Latin America: Cultural and societal factors and challenges in UNESCO Global Geoparks

[ENG] UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) are territories deeply committed to promoting sustainable development through close partnership with local communities. This commitment extends to the appreciation and preservation of both the natural (biotic and abiotic) and cultural (tangible and intangible) heritage. Special emphasis is placed on the practices and rituals associated with the cosmovision of these societies, highlighting their unique and intrinsic relationship with the dynamics of the Planet. This chapter presents various examples of this reality within Latin American UGGps, delving into the similarities and differences among these territories to showcase best practices in preserving and strengthening local cultural and social aspects. At the same time, it acknowledges the difficulties and challenges inherent in such endeavors. The overarching goal is to contribute to the promotion of social cohesion, ethics, respect for cultural diversity, and human creativity, fostering connections within communities and individuals.[ESP] Los Geoparques Mundiales de la UNESCO (UGGps) son territorios profundamente comprometidos con la promoción del desarrollo sostenible a través de una estrecha colaboración con las comunidades locales. Este compromiso se extiende a la valoración y preservación tanto del patrimonio natural (biótico y abiótico) como del cultural (tangible e intangible). Se pone especial énfasis en las prácticas y rituales asociados con la cosmovisión de estas sociedades, destacando su relación única e intrínseca con las dinámicas del planeta. Este capítulo presenta varios ejemplos de esta realidad en los UGGps de América Latina, profundizando en las similitudes y diferencias entre estos territorios para mostrar las mejores prácticas en la preservación y fortalecimiento de los aspectos culturales y sociales locales. Al mismo tiempo, se reconocen las dificultades y desafíos inherentes a tales esfuerzos. El objetivo principal es contribuir a la promoción de la cohesión social, la ética, el respeto por la diversidad cultural y la creatividad humana, fomentando conexiones dentro de las comunidades y entre los individuos

Times of Application of Boron in Irrigated Rice Genotypes in Tropical Varzeas

Boron is an important micronutrient for all vegetables, being part of several metabolic functions within cells. Rice stands out as a staple food for more than half the world’s population and requires small amounts of boron. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of boron application at different times in the culture of irrigated rice in the conditions of the floodplains in the Southwest of the State of Tocantins. The experiment was installed at Fazenda Santa Rita, municipality of Lagoa da Confusão-TO in the 2015/2016 harvest, in bands, with a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The dose of 3.0 kg ha −1 of boron was applied, in the form of borax, via leaf, in four seasons. WereFour lowland rice cultivars (IRGA-424, IRGA-424 RI, IRGA-425, and IRGA-426) were used. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of panicles, spikelet sterility, the mass of one hundred grains, grain yield, whole grains, and grain yield. Boron resulted in higher productivity. The highest yields were achieved with borate fertilization at 60 and 75 days after emergence. The genotypes IRGA-424 RI and IRGA-425 proved to be more efficient in the use of boron, is recommended at any time of application of the micronutrient

Synergetic action of atorvastatin and fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and in a murine model for intra-abdominal Candidiasis / Ação sinérgica da atorvastatina e fluconazol contra Candida albicans resistente ao fluconazol in vitro e em um modelo murino contra Candidíase intra-abdominal

Introduction: Candida albicans is the most common causative agent of Intra-abdominal Candidiasis (IAC) and it is resistant to most antifungal drugs currently available. Here we investigated atorvastatin in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against a fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strain as a potential repurposed drug. The following tests were carried out: antifungal susceptibility tests to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), determination of time-kill curve, biofilm assays, Candida albicans yeast-hyphae transition inhibition assay, murine model of Intra-abdominal candidiasis, survival curve, fungal load quantification, histopathology analysis, quantification of TNF-α and IL-17 cytokines, quantification of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. In vitro assays showed the synergetic action of atorvastatin and fluconazole against C. albicans growth and biofilm maturation while the time-kill curve assay revealed their fungicidal effect after 24 h of treatment. When yeast-to-hyphae transition was assessed, the synergetic effect of atorvastatin and fluconazole reduced C. albicans filamentation significantly. In vivo tests showed that one of the most noticeable signs of IAC is the intense systemic inflammation. However, our survival curve test showed that despite being ill, animals exhibited little to no clinical signs of systemic inflammation when treatment included a combination of atorvastatin and fluconazole. Altogether, these findings suggest that atorvastatin could be feasibly used in the treatment fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, showing that drug repurposing is an important strategy when considering the limited number of antifungal drugs available for treatment in addition to financial hardship experienced in research and development of new antifungal drugs.

Occurrence of corn stunt diseases and maize viruses in the Provinces of Tucumán and Córdoba in Argentina

A incidência de doenças causadas por molicutes e por vírus foi avaliada em lavouras de milho (Zea mays) nas Províncias de Tucumán e de Córdoba, na Argentina, em fevereiro de 2000. Na Província de Tucumán verificou-se que 44% das lavouras apresentaram altos níveis de incidência de plantas com sintomas de enfezamentos causados por molicutes (50 a 100%), em altitudes variando de 300 a 2.000 m. A presença de fitoplasma e de espiroplasma foi confirmada em amostras de folhas de plantas com sintomas de enfezamentos, através dos testes de PCR e de "Western blotting". Constatou-se, porém, que a eficiência desses testes para detecção destes patógenos, quando os sintomas apresentados pelas plantas eram muito acentuados, foi da ordem de 70%, e de apenas 30% quando os sintomas eram menos acentuados. Na localidade Jesus Maria, foram encontradas plantas apresentando acentuado nanismo, folhas estreitas e com deformações. Dentre quatro amostras destas plantas, submetidas a testes de PCR, em duas foi detectada a presença de fitoplasma, possivelmente d istinto do "Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma". A cigarrinha Dalbulus maidis, inseto vetor dos molicutes, foi encontrada apenas em Tucumán, estando ausente em Córdoba. O Mal de Rio Cuarto virus foi detectado em seis lavouras em Córdoba, e em três em Tucumán. A cigarrinha Delphacodes kuscheli foi detectada em todas as lavouras em Córdoba, e em apenas três lavouras em Tucumán. O Maize dwarf mosaic virus foi detectado em cerca de 60% das lavouras amostradas nas duas Províncias e o Maize rayado fino virus em apenas uma localidade em Tucumán.The incidence of "corn stunt diseases" and maize (Zea mays) viruses was evaluated in maize fields located at the Provinces of Tucumán and Córdoba in Argentina in February 2000. A high number of plants infected with "corn stunt disease" were observed in Tucumán (up 50 to 100%) in 44% of maize crops surveyed in areas varying from up 300 to 2000 m high. The presence of Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma (MBSP) and Corn Stunt Spiroplasma (CSS) was confirmed by PCR and Western blotting tests. In plants showing typical symptoms of MBSP or CSS, the pathogens were detected in 70% of the samples. However, when symptoms were weak, the efficiency of detection dropped to approximately 30%. In Rio Cuarto, Province of Córdoba, the presence of phytoplasma was detected only in three plants showing red leaf symptoms. In Jesus Maria locality, plants showing symptoms different from those caused by MBSP, were demonstrated to be infected by phytoplasma when analyzed by PCR using universal primers. The leafhopper Dalbulus maidis, vector of MBSP and CSS, was found only in Tucumán. The Mal de Rio Cuarto virus (MRCV) was found in six maize fields in Córdoba and in three maize fields located at 1970 to 2.000 m high in Tucumán. The plant hopper Delphacodes kuscheli, vector of MRCV, was found in both provinces sampled. The Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) was found in 60% of maize crops in both Provinces and the Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV)was found only in one location in Tucumán

Study protocol for the multicentre cohorts of Zika virus infection in pregnant women, infants, and acute clinical cases in Latin America and the Caribbean: The ZIKAlliance consortium

Background: The European Commission (EC) Horizon 2020 (H2020)-funded ZIKAlliance Consortium designed a multicentre study including pregnant women (PW), children (CH) and natural history (NH) cohorts. Clinical sites were selected over a wide geographic range within Latin America and the Caribbean, taking into account the dynamic course of the ZIKV epidemic. Methods: Recruitment to the PW cohort will take place in antenatal care clinics. PW will be enrolled regardless of symptoms and followed over the course of pregnancy, approximately every 4 weeks. PW will be revisited at delivery (or after miscarriage/abortion) to assess birth outcomes, including microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities according to the evolving definition of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). After birth, children will be followed for 2 years in the CH cohort. Follow-up visits are scheduled at ages 1-3, 4-6, 12, and 24 months to assess neurocognitive and developmental milestones. In addition, a NH cohort for the characterization of symptomatic rash/fever illness was designed, including follow-up to capture persisting health problems. Blood, urine, and other biological materials will be collected, and tested for ZIKV and other relevant arboviral diseases (dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever) using RT-PCR or serological methods. A virtual, decentralized biobank will be created. Reciprocal clinical monitoring has been established between partner sites. Substudies of ZIKV seroprevalence, transmissio

CropPol: a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved