ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL EXTRACTION OF VITEX NEGUNDO LINN. LEAVES

Objective: The main objective of the present work is to carry out the biological activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies for the possible compounds present in Vitex negundo.Methods: The aqueous extract of V. negundo Linn. was screened for biological activities such as antimicrobial, antituberculosis (TB), antimalarial, and antioxidant activities. The GC-MS analysis was carried out.Results: The result shows that leaf extract is effective against Escherichia Coli and Bacillus subtitus while negative results for anti-TB and anti-malarial activity. The antioxidant activity of the leave extract is excellent.Conclusion: The compounds present in the leaf extract of V. negundo are responsible for possessing the biological activity

Biosynthesis Of Silver Nanoparticle Using Aqueous Extract Of Hibiscus Rosasinensis Leaves

The present study is for the green formation of silver nanoparticles by Hibiscus rosasinensis  leaves extract. After successful formation of silver nanoparticles, Confirmation of Ag nanoparticles has carried out by using various characterizations techniques viz. structural by FT-IR, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), morphological by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and elemental by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The silver nanoparticles are also characterized for antibacterial activity. Staphylococi aures, Strepotococci pyogens, Salmonella typhy

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L. LEAVES AND ITS BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Objective: The main objective of the present work is to carry out the phytochemical constituent present and physicochemical analysis of microwave-assisted extract (MAE) of Coriandrum sativum leaves and to investigate its antibacterial activity. Methods: The powdered samples of the leaves were extracted and analyzed for physicochemical properties. Extraction was carried out for C. sativum using different solvents and used for phytochemical investigation. Infrared (IR) spectrum and antibacterial activity of MAE were carried out. Results: The results show that the percentage extract is different in the different solvents and also differs in phytochemical constituents. Phytochemicals present in the MAE also confirmed by IR spectroscopy. MAE is active against bacteria. Conclusion: The phytochemicals present in C. sativum is confirmed by IR spectrum and these phytochemicals responsible for antibacterial activity

A Comparative Study of Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye onto Untreated Platanus orientalis (chinar tree) Leaves Powder and its Biochar - Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study

In the present investigation the adsorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution onto untreated chinar leaves powder (CLP) and chinar leaves biochar (CLB) has been studied. To find out optimum conditions, adsorption process was carried out by varying different parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, concentration, temperature, salts, and pH. The equilibrium adsorption data were subjected to different popular isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) and kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion model). The thermodynamic study was also done on the adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for MB dye onto given adsorbents are 1.53 mg/g (CLP) and 1.02 mg/g (CLB). Also the values of RL and n suggest favourable adsorption process of MB dye onto CLP and CLB adsorbents. The pseudo-second order kinetic model is best obeyed by both the mentioned adsorbents for MB dye adsorption with R2 value equal to 1. Thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption process of MB dye is spontaneous, endothermic (CLB) and exothermic (CLP). At an equilibrium time of 20 min the uptake efficiency (> 99%) was recorded for both the low cost adsorbents (CLP and CLB) thus proved them fast and effective adsorbents for the removal of MB dye

An Efficient and One Spot Synthesis of Silica Supported Synthesis of Fluorinated 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivative Under Microwave Irradiation: -

An efficient and one pot reaction of fluorinated 1,3,4-Thiadiazole derivatives  was synthesis by fluorinated  aromatic carboxylic with thiosemicabazide in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride as a catalyst under Microwave irradiation with silica supported. The synthesis compound was characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The present approach offers the advantages such as short reaction time, simplicity of the workup procedure, low cost and mild reaction condition

A New Flavone from Erythrina suberosa, its Biological Screening and Application as pH Indicator

A new flavone is isolated, characterized and its pH indicator property is studied for titration between strong/weak acids and bases. Flavone (Z)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(isopentyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-(2-methylpent-1-en-1-yl) chromenylium chloride has been isolated by extracting ether and methanol. Compound is separated using column chromatography and identified with the help of spectroscopic techniques such as mass, 1HNMR, IR and UV. Compound is also screened for its antibacterial and anti-fungal activity from the flower extract of Erythrina suberosa. Activity of the isolated compound is observed for E Coli bacteria as a gram-negative organism. The compound shows significant color change in acidic and alkaline medium and its potential as pH indicator is encouraging. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i5.1150</p

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214337 [58%] were transport related) and 31.1 million DALYs (of which 16.2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34.4% (from 17.5 to 11.5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47.7% (from 15.9 to 8.3 per 100000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80.5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39.4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16.7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48.5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0.2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010-19. Interpretation As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low-middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury