"જૂનાગઢ જિલ્લાના સાધારણ અને વિશિષ્ટ (મંદબુદ્ધિ) બાળકોના માતા-પિતાની વિકૃત ચિંતા, માનસિક સ્વાસ્થ્ય અને જીવનસંતોષનો મનોવૈજ્ઞાનિક અભ્યાસ"

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Use of Selective-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Among Individuals with Co-Occurring Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Depression or Anxiety

Objective: Medications commonly used to treat heart disease, anxiety, and depression can interact resulting in an increased risk of bleeding, warranting a cautious approach in medical decision making. This retrospective, descriptive study examined the prevalence and the factors associated with the use of both selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor and platelet aggregation inhibitor among individuals with co-occurring atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and anxiety or depression. Methods: Respondents aged 22 years and older, alive throughout the study period, and diagnosed with co-occurring atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and anxiety or depression (n=1507) in years 2007 through 2013 of the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey were included. The use of treatment was grouped as follows: selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor and platelet aggregation inhibitor, selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor or platelet aggregation inhibitor, and neither selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor nor platelet aggregation inhibitor. Results: Overall, 16.5% used both selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor and platelet aggregation inhibitor, 61.2% used selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor or platelet aggregation inhibitor, and 22.3% used neither selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor nor platelet aggregation inhibitor. Respondents aged over 65years (adjusted odds ratio=1.93 (95% confidence interval=1.08–3.45)) and having a diagnosis of diabetes (adjusted odds ratio=1.63 (95% confidence interval=1.15–2.31)) and hypertension (adjusted odds ratio=1.84 (95% confidence interval=1.04–3.27)) were more likely to be prescribed the combination. Conclusion: The drug interaction was prevalent in patients who are already at higher risk of health disparities and worse outcomes thus requiring vigilant evaluation

Study of duration of gestation in 500 patients with spontaneous onset of labor

Background: There have been variations in the length of gestation depending upon the ethnicity of the patient.Methods: We studied 500 patients with spontaneous onset of labor for their duration of pregnancy from First day of Last Menstrual Period (FLMP).Results: The average gestational age was 275 days, 5 days earlier than the Expected date of delivery (EDD). 70% of pregnancies ended before EDD, 4.8% on the day of EDD and 25.2% ended after EDD. 35.80% patients completed 39 weeks, 24% completed 40 weeks, 23.20% completed 38 weeks, 11% completed 37 weeks and only 6% completed 41 weeks. Average gestational age was 39.31 weeks for male baby and 39.36 weeks for female baby. Sex ratio derived was 915.7 females per 1000 males. Average birth weight was 2.705 kg.Conclusions: The implication of this study is that the length of human gestation does vary according to geographic location. This may be due to genetic influences, weather conditions, food habits or some unknown factor. The clinical significance is the decision to consider a term pregnancy and a post-term pregnancy. A majority of the parturient women went in to spontaneous labour at 39 completed weeks, 5 days earlier than ‘Expected date of delivery’ calculated by Naegele’s formula. This possibility should be kept in mind when maturity assessments are made with a view to intervene in the labour process to minimize perinatal complications

Isolation and characterization of an extracellular lipase from the conidia of Neurospora cvassa

A triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from the conidia of Neurospora crassa was purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Homogeneity was checked by PAGE, and isoelectric focusing gave a single band corresponding to a pI of 6.4. The enzyme had an apparent Mr 54000≥1000 as determined by gel filtration. SDS-PAGE gave a single band of Mr 27000, suggesting the presence of two identical subunits. This lipase preferred triglycerides with C16- and C18-fatty acyl chains. It cleaved only the primary groups of triglycerides. The lipase also exhibited a marked preference for substrates containing endogenously occurring fatty acids and so may prove useful in detailed studies on the physiological relevance of fatty acyl specificity of lipases. The enzyme was not affected by detergents, or thiol-binding agents. Modification of free amino groups caused 90% inhibition, suggesting a role of these groups in the maintenance of lipase activity

Blue-Detuned Magneto-Optical Trap of Molecules

Direct laser cooling of molecules has reached a phase space density exceeding 10$^{-6}$ in optical traps, but with rather small molecular numbers. To progress towards quantum degeneracy, a mechanism is needed that combines sub-Doppler cooling and magneto-optical trapping (MOT) to facilitate near unity transfer of ultracold molecules from the MOT to a conservative optical trap. Using the unique energy level structure of YO molecules, we demonstrate the first blue-detuned MOT for molecules that is optimized for both gray-molasses sub-Doppler cooling and relatively strong trapping forces. This first sub-Doppler molecular MOT provides an increase of phase-space density by two orders of magnitude over any previously reported molecular MOT.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Study of hundred cases of infertility in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its management outcome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is relatively common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women, which leads to reproductive, metabolic and endocrine abnormality. About 70 to 80% patients with PCOS have complained of infertility due to anovulation. Due to advanced diagnostic facility by endoscopic evaluation in infertility, incidence of PCOS has increased now a days.Methods: This is study of 100 cases of infertility with polycystic ovarian syndrome and its pregnancy outcome. In this study, from May 2019 to April 2020, 100 cases of infertility with PCOS were studied at tertiary care hospital. Hormonal assay, ultrasound and laparoscopy were used as diagnostic technique. Clomiphene citrate, letrozole, metformin, and laparoscopic ovarian drilling were used as treatment modalities.Results: The maximum number of patients in the study group are seen in the age group of 21-25 years. Menstrual irregularities are the most common presenting symptom affecting 70% females. Primary infertility is most commonly associated with PCOS. In PCOS, there is increased LH:FSH ratio. On USG examination, there are enlarged ovaries in 82% cases.Conclusions: PCOS is an emerging disease of new generation with high prevalence in infertile women. After proper diagnosis, management with lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy with clomiphene citrate, letrozole and metformin are used as per necessities. Operative laparoscopy with ovarian drilling is the main treatment which results in good conception rate

Arcjet Testing of Micro-Meteoroid Impacted Thermal Protection Materials

There are several harsh space environments that could affect thermal protection systems and in turn pose risks to the atmospheric entry vehicles. These environments include micrometeoroid impact, extreme cold temperatures, and ionizing radiation during deep space cruise, all followed by atmospheric entry heating. To mitigate these risks, different thermal protection material samples were subjected to multiple tests, including hyper velocity impact, cold soak, irradiation, and arcjet testing, at various NASA facilities that simulated these environments. The materials included a variety of honeycomb packed ablative materials as well as carbon-based non-ablative thermal protection systems. The present paper describes the results of the multiple test campaign with a focus on arcjet testing of thermal protection materials. The tests showed promising results for ablative materials. However, the carbon-based non-ablative system presented some concerns regarding the potential risks to an entry vehicle. This study provides valuable information regarding the capability of various thermal protection materials to withstand harsh space environments, which is critical to sample return and planetary entry missions

Standardisation of a Vapour Generator for Calibration of Environmental Monitoring Instruments

Very low vapour pressure of 2,4,6 trinitrotoulene (TNT) yields extremely low vapour concentrations at different flow rates in the air, yet considerable quantity of vapours and TNTdust during handling may be present at the workplace environment which is harmful to the health of the personnel working there. The explosive vapours, such as TNT,  2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), etc., though harmful to the health of the personnel, are not covered either in the emission standards or in the ambient air quality standards. Presently, no instrument is available for air monitoring of TNT vapours. These vapours need to be collected on-site to estimate TNT concentration. Realising the need for real-time air monitoring of TNT, efforts have been made to understand and device an instrument for on-site determination of TNT vapours parts per billiion (ppb) range. Low-level TNT vapours and TNT buried in the soil in military operations are required to be detected. The instruments for this require careful calibration to yield accurate and reliable results. Hence, an effort has been made to develop a trace-level ppb vapour generator. The vapour generator of a spiral glass column of length 170 cm and inner diameter 4 mm 2 0.5 mm has been used. An activated charcoal glass tube has been used for sampling TNT vapours. The adsorbed TNT vapours were desorbed and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. Thesolid support used has been studied. These vapours generated at different flow rates have been evaluated. The calibrated instrument can be used for in situ and on-site analysis of samples of TNT and also for samples collected

A simple three-dimensional-focusing, continuous-flow mixer for the study of fast protein dynamics

We present a simple, yet flexible microfluidic mixer with a demonstrated mixing time as short as 80 μs that is widely accessible because it is made of commercially available parts. To simplify the study of fast protein dynamics, we have developed an inexpensive continuous-flow microfluidic mixer, requiring no specialized equipment or techniques. The mixer uses three-dimensional, hydrodynamic focusing of a protein sample stream by a surrounding sheath solution to achieve rapid diffusional mixing between the sample and sheath. Mixing initiates the reaction of interest. Reactions can be spatially observed by fluorescence or absorbance spectroscopy. We characterized the pixel-to-time calibration and diffusional mixing experimentally. We achieved a mixing time as short as 80 μs. We studied the kinetics of horse apomyoglobin (apoMb) unfolding from the intermediate (I) state to its completely unfolded (U) state, induced by a pH jump from the initial pH of 4.5 in the sample stream to a final pH of 2.0 in the sheath solution. The reaction time was probed using the fluorescence of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (1,8-ANS) bound to the folded protein. We observed unfolding of apoMb within 760 μs, without populating additional intermediate states under these conditions. We also studied the reaction kinetics of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase using the intrinsic tryptophan emission of the enzyme. We observe sub-millisecond kinetics that we attribute to Michaelis complex formation and loop domain closure. These results demonstrate the utility of the three-dimensional focusing mixer for biophysical studies of protein dynamics