Statistical optimization of bacteriocin produced from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus isolated from yoghurt

The Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) was isolated from yoghurt and identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus by biochemical methods and by 16s rDNA sequencing. The bacteria was screened for bacteriocin production by Agar well diffusion assay against four test organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, it was found to inhibit the growth of three test organisms except Klebsiella pneumoniae. The production of bacteriocin was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the results obtained from single factor method. The optimized parameters were statistically validated using the software MATLAB version 7.5.0.342 (R 2007b) from Math lab works Inc. and assumed that Starch (3), Casein (3), FeSO4 (0.3) and Tween 20 (0.24) w/v supplemented to MRS media were optimum. Bacteriocin concentration before and after optimization was estimated by Lowry's method and was found to be 178.8μg/ ml and 310μg/ml respectively. © All Rights Reserved

Individual case safety reports by nursing staff: a retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis

Background: The burden of adverse drug reactions is high and accounts for considerable morbidity which can be prevented if healthcare professionals have proper knowledge. Early and spontaneous reporting of ADRs is the mainstay of pharmacovigilance program. Since staff nurses are closely involved in direct patient care, they can easily identify ADRs in the early stage. This study was done to assess the extent of participation of nurses in pharmacovigilance program in our institution.Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the 210 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) of 2years duration. Causality assessment in the ICSR was analyzed. Severity of the reactions was categorized into mild, moderate and severe according to Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Descriptive statistics were used.Results: There were 177 cases reported by faculties and 33 were by the staff nurses.19 nurses reported 33 adverse effects (1:1.7) whereas 41 faculties 177 events (1:4). On analyzing the severity of reactions, 188 cases were categorized as moderate (89.5%), 20 mild (9.5%) and 2 severe (1%). In moderate category of 188 reports, 82 % reporting was by faculties and 18% by staff nurses. All the 33 reports by nurses were of moderate category (100%). In the mild and severe category, 100% reporting was by faculties. Causality analysis showed that 194 were classified as probable (92%), 14 as Possible (7%) and 2as certain (1%). In probable category 85% of reporting was by faculties and 15% by nurses, in possible group 71 % by faculties and 29% by nurses and 100% by faculties in severe category.Conclusions: Training and dedicated participation of nurses can improve reporting of ICSR

Synthesis and Bioassay of Azolyl Benzothiazine Carboxamides

Cyclic sulfonamides (sultams) gained importance due to their potential pharmaceutical activity. Amongst these, 1,2-benzothiazine-1,1-dioxide and their derivatives represent the most familiar class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available in the market. In fact, Meloxicam and Piroxicam, the members of oxicam family are used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Azoles are potential chemical entities with a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic. In continuation of our efforts to develop potential multifunctional heterocycles, we have synthesized novel azolylbenzothiazine carboxamides and studied their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The results of these aspects will be discussed. © 2020 Author(s).The authors Venkatapuram Padmavathi and Panga Siva Sankar are grateful to CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), New Delhi for financial assistance under the major research project

Synthesis of Carboxamide and Sulfonyl Carboxamide Linked Azoles Under Green Conditions

Direct coupling of heteroaldehydes with heteroaryl amines/sulfonylamines is performed under green conditions using PEG-400 in the presence of oxidant CCl3CN/H2O2. The presence of electron-withdrawing substituents on heteroaldehydes increased the yield. Further heteroaryl amines favor the reaction when compared with heteroaryl sulfonylamines. © 2020 Author(s).One of the authors G. Lakshmi Teja is indebted to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi for sanction of UGC-BSR fellowship

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF RASAOUSHADIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NETRA ROGAS (EYE DISEASES)

In Ayurveda chikitsa paddhati, Rasa oushadhis has been considered more useful and effective as they are more advantageous due to their unique benefits over the other preparations. Medicines described to manage different diseases in our classical texts contain different sources like plants, marine, animals, minerals and metals. All these are formulated in such a way that it suits well to our body. This clearly states that there were usage of herbomineral preparations in therapeutics which includes for Netrarogas also. These preparations are significant in many chronic and challenging eye disorders of this era which lacks curative rate and has high recurrences.To deal such challenging disorders of the Eye whether chronic or newly existing, essential to review and re-establish the importance of Rasa oushadhis which are explained by our Acharyas pertaining to Netra rogas, with regard to its route of administration and posology. For this Review work, information were compiled from different texts according to Rasadravyas mentioned as Chakshushya and to treat Netra rogas i.e., Maharasa, Uparasa, Sadharanrasa, Dhatu, Ratna, Sudha varga. Further the different Yogas of Netra Roga containing Rasadravyas as one of the ingredients is compiled as an attempt to establish Rasaushadhi - the need of the hour for Netra Rogas

Ethyl 6-(6-meth­oxy-2-naphth­yl)-2-oxo-4-(2-thien­yl)cyclo­hex-3-ene-1-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C24H22O4S, was prepared by reaction between (2E)-3-(6-meth­oxy-2-naphth­yl)-1-(2-thien­yl)prop-2-en-1-one and ethyl acetoacetate. In the crystal, the cyclo­hexenone ring shows a distorted half-chair conformation. The length of the double bond in the cyclohexenone ring [1.343 (4) Å] is normal

Design, synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of Benzothiazole-6-carboxylate derivatives

A parent benzothiazole molecule was synthesized by Jacobson synthesis, then it is subjected to treatment with various aromatic aldehydes to get the corresponding Schiff bases followed by esterification of carboxyl group by using various alcohols. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by various spectroscopic methods such as IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. The products were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Some of the compounds exhibited potent activity when compared with the standards

3-Methyl-5-(4-methyl­phen­yl)cyclo­hex-2-enone

In the title mol­ecule, C14H16O, the cyclo­hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation, with all substituents equatorial. Mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A C—H⋯π inter­action involving the benzene ring is also found in the crystal structure. The H atoms of both methyl groups are disordered equally over two positions