Analysis of acoustic emission during the melting of embedded indium particles in an aluminum matrix: a study of plastic strain accommodation during phase transformation

Acoustic emission is used here to study melting and solidification of embedded indium particles in the size range of 0.2 to 3 um in diameter and to show that dislocation generation occurs in the aluminum matrix to accommodate a 2.5% volume change. The volume averaged acoustic energy produced by indium particle melting is similar to that reported for bainite formation upon continuous cooling. A mechanism of prismatic loop generation is proposed to accommodate the volume change and an upper limit to the geometrically necessary increase in dislocation density is calculated as 4.1 x 10^9 cm^-2 for the Al-17In alloy. Thermomechanical processing is also used to change the size and distribution of the indium particles within the aluminum matrix. Dislocation generation with accompanied acoustic emission occurs when the melting indium particles are associated with grain boundaries or upon solidification where the solid-liquid interfaces act as free surfaces to facilitate dislocation generation. Acoustic emission is not observed for indium particles that require super heating and exhibit elevated melting temperatures. The acoustic emission work corroborates previously proposed relaxation mechanisms from prior internal friction studies and that the superheat observed for melting of these micron-sized particles is a result of matrix constraint.Comment: Presented at "Atomistic Effects in Migrating Interphase Interfaces - Recent Progress and Future Study" TMS 201

Advances in Global and Local Helioseismology: an Introductory Review

Helioseismology studies the structure and dynamics of the Sun's interior by observing oscillations on the surface. These studies provide information about the physical processes that control the evolution and magnetic activity of the Sun. In recent years, helioseismology has made substantial progress towards the understanding of the physics of solar oscillations and the physical processes inside the Sun, thanks to observational, theoretical and modeling efforts. In addition to the global seismology of the Sun based on measurements of global oscillation modes, a new field of local helioseismology, which studies oscillation travel times and local frequency shifts, has been developed. It is capable of providing 3D images of the subsurface structures and flows. The basic principles, recent advances and perspectives of global and local helioseismology are reviewed in this article.Comment: 86 pages, 46 figures; "Pulsation of the Sun and Stars", Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 832, Rozelot, Jean-Pierre; Neiner, Coralie (Eds.), 201

Nonlinear Analysis of a High-Resolution Optical Wave-Front Control System

A class of feedback systems for high-resolution optical wave-front control (or adaptive optic wave-front distortion suppression) is modeled and analyzed. Under certain conditions, the nonlinear dynamical system models obtained are shown to be gradient systems, with energy functions that also serve as Lyapunov functions. The approach taken here to a problem of nonlinear control system design and analysis might also be applicable to other problems involving high-resolution control of physical fields, particularly if the field sensing is performed optically. 1 Introduction The idea of using sensor and actuator arrays to manipulate physical fields is most developed in the area of adaptive optics (i.e., feedback control for optical wavefront phase distortion suppression). Cameras serve as sensor arrays, and spatial light modulators, such as liquid-crystal or MEMS micro-mirror devices, provide the actuation for manipulating optical beams. The control problem involves determining how the se..

Observations of Photospheric Dynamics and Magnetic Fields: From Large-Scale to Small-Scale Flows

International audienceThis paper reviews solar flows and magnetic fields observed at the photospheric level. We first present the context in which these observations are performed. We describe the various temporal and spatial scales involved, and the coupling between them. Then we present small-scale flows, mainly supergranulation and flows around active regions. Flows at the global scale are then reviewed, again with emphasis on the flows, i.e. differential rotation, torsional oscillation and meridional circulation. In both small- and global-scale we discuss the coupling between flow fields and magnetic field and give an overview of observational techniques. Finally, the possible connection between studies of solar activity and stellar activity is briefly discussed