Enhancement of the Curie temperature in GaMnAs/InGaMnAs superlattices

We report on an enhancement of the Curie temperature in GaMnAs/InGaMnAs superlattices grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy, which is due to thin InGaMnAs or InGaAs films embedded into the GaMnAs layers. The pronounced increase of the Curie temperature is strongly correlated to the In concentration in the embedded layers. Curie temperatures up to 110 K are observed in such structures compared to 60 K in GaMnAs single layers grown under the same conditions. A further increase in T$_C$ up to 130 K can be achieved using post-growth annealing at temperatures near the growth temperature. Pronounced thickness fringes in the high resolution X-ray diffraction spectra indicate good crystalline quality and sharp interfaces in the structures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Appl. Phys. Let

Emergence of Bulk CsCl Structure in (CsCl)nCs+ Cluster Ions

The emergence of CsCl bulk structure in (CsCl)nCs+ cluster ions is investigated using a mixed quantum-mechanical/semiempirical theoretical approach. We find that rhombic dodecahedral fragments (with bulk CsCl symmetry) are more stable than rock-salt fragments after the completion of the fifth rhombic dodecahedral atomic shell. From this size (n=184) on, a new set of magic numbers should appear in the experimental mass spectra. We also propose another experimental test for this transition, which explicitely involves the electronic structure of the cluster. Finally, we perform more detailed calculations in the size range n=31--33, where recent experimental investigations have found indications of the presence of rhombic dodecahedral (CsCl)32Cs+ isomers in the cluster beams.Comment: LaTeX file. 6 pages and 4 pictures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Structural and Electronic Properties of Small Neutral (MgO)n Clusters

Ab initio Perturbed Ion (PI) calculations are reported for neutral stoichiometric (MgO)n clusters (n<14). An extensive number of isomer structures was identified and studied. For the isomers of (MgO)n (n<8) clusters, a full geometrical relaxation was considered. Correlation corrections were included for all cluster sizes using the Coulomb-Hartree-Fock (CHF) model proposed by Clementi. The results obtained compare favorably to the experimental data and other previous theoretical studies. Inclusion of correlaiotn is crucial in order to achieve a good description of these systems. We find an important number of new isomers which allows us to interpret the experimental magic numbers without the assumption of structures based on (MgO)3 subunits. Finally, as an electronic property, the variations in the cluster ionization potential with the cluster size were studied and related to the structural isomer properties.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 7 figures in GIF format. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

One-Bead Microrheology with Rotating Particles

We lay the theoretical basis for one-bead microrheology with rotating particles, i.e, a method where colloids are used to probe the mechanical properties of viscoelastic media. Based on a two-fluid model, we calculate the compliance and discuss it for two cases. We first assume that the elastic and fluid component exhibit both stick boundary conditions at the particle surface. Then, the compliance fulfills a generalized Stokes law with a complex shear modulus whose validity is only limited by inertial effects, in contrast to translational motion. Secondly, we find that the validity of the Stokes regime is reduced when the elastic network is not coupled to the particleComment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Europhys. Let

Plastic optical fibre sensor for spine bending monitoring

peer-reviewedThis paper presents a study on the application of plastic optical fibre for spine bending monitoring based on an intensity modulation. The bending angle is measured as the angle between the emitting and receiving fibres is changed. The measured light attenuation is compared with a theoretical evaluation and the differences between these values are discussed. It was found that the light attenuation for the light intensity agreed well (margin of error < 15%) with the theoretical value for the range between 180o (representing no bend) and 200o and it was significantly increased for the bending angle beyond that value due to the effect of fibre gap increment which resulted in a less reliable experimental estimation.PUBLISHEDpeer-reviewe

Effect of annealing on the depth profile of hole concentration in (Ga,Mn)As

The effect of annealing at 250 C on the carrier depth profile, Mn distribution, electrical conductivity, and Curie temperature of (Ga,Mn)As layers with thicknesses > 200 nm, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures, is studied by a variety of analytical methods. The vertical gradient in hole concentration, revealed by electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling, is shown to play a key role in the understanding of conductivity and magnetization data. The gradient, basically already present in as-grown samples, is strongly influenced by post-growth annealing. From secondary ion mass spectroscopy it can be concluded that, at least in thick layers, the change in carrier depth profile and thus in conductivity is not primarily due to out-diffusion of Mn interstitials during annealing. Two alternative possible models are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Closed orbit correction at synchrotrons for symmetric and near-symmetric lattices

This contribution compiles the benefits of lattice symmetry in the context of closed orbit correction. A symmetric arrangement of BPMs and correctors results in structured orbit response matrices of Circulant or block Circulant type. These forms of matrices provide favorable properties in terms of computational complexity, information compression and interpretation of mathematical vector spaces of BPMs and correctors. For broken symmetries, a nearest-Circulant approximation is introduced and the practical advantages of symmetry exploitation are demonstrated with the help of simulations and experiments in the context of FAIR synchrotrons

Secondary organic aerosols derived from intermediate-volatility n-alkanes adopt low-viscous phase state

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from n-alkanes, as emitted from vehicles and volatile chemical products, is a major component of anthropogenic particulate matter, yet the chemical composition and phase state are poorly understood and thus poorly constrained in aerosol models. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of n-alkane SOA by explicit gas-phase chemistry modeling, machine learning, and laboratory experiments to show that n-alkane SOA adopts low-viscous semi-solid or liquid states. Our study underlines the complex interplay of molecular composition and SOA viscosity: n-alkane SOA with a higher carbon number mostly consists of less functionalized first-generation products with lower viscosity, while the SOA with a lower carbon number contains more functionalized multigenerational products with higher viscosity. This study opens up a new avenue for analysis of SOA processes, and the results indicate few kinetic limitations of mass accommodation in SOA formation, supporting the application of equilibrium partitioning for simulating n-alkane SOA formation in large-scale atmospheric models.</p

A water additive with pomegranate can reduce dental plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs

Oral homecare plays a major part in dental disease prevention but it can be difficult to perform and time-consuming. Furthermore, the product used can be of limited efficiency. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a water additive to limit the accumulation of plaque and calculus in dogs. Forty dogs were selected and randomly allocated to one of the two groups after scaling and polishing on day 0. The control group received no oral hygiene while the second group received the water additive (Vet Aquadent® FR3SH™, Virbac) every day. After 30 days, plaque and calculus accumulations were evaluated under anesthesia. The Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) was assessed on days 0 and 30. On day 30, the plaque and calculus indices were significantly smaller (p &lt; 0.05) in the Aquadent group compared to the control group with median (Q1-Q3) scores of 1.22 (0.99–1.44) vs. 2.31 (1.65–3.86), respectively for plaque and 0.25 (0.15–0.42) vs. 0.33 (0.32–0.69) for calculus. Between day 0 and day 30, the GBI significantly decreased in the control group [from 0.39 (0.21–0.56) to 0.19 (0.08–0.29)] and in the Aquadent group [from 0.33 (0.18–0.47) to 0.00 (0.00–0.00)] but the decrease was significantly greater in the Aquadent group. These results show for the first time that the water additive tested can reduce dental deposit accumulation in dogs and improve gingival health. It can be recommended after a dental cleaning, especially to owners who are reluctant to provide dental care at home due to a lack of time or convenience