Evaluation of Grapevines for Resistance to Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, can seriouslydevastate grapevine production in tropical countries, such as Thailand. Four susceptible grapevinecultivars, four potentially resistant lines and 18 F1 hybrids, propagated by air layering and chip budding,were evaluated for resistance to downy mildew at laboratory (using a detached leaf assay) and field (naturalinfection in 2011 and 2013) levels. Significant differences in the disease scores among grapevine genotypes,ranging from 0.54 (resistant) to 4.83 (susceptible) and 3.30 (resistant) to 7.70 (susceptible), were observedunder the laboratory and field conditions respectively. No significant difference in disease severity wasobserved between the two propagation methods or between the two different years of field evaluations.Resistance evaluations under both conditions consistently classified ‘NY88.0517.01’ and ‘NY65.0550.04’ asresistant lines what would be useful as parents for future breeding programmes. Moreover, one F1 hybrid,‘SUT0403.09’, was reported to have considerable resistance to downy mildew under both laboratoryand field conditions for the first time. The field resistance level of this hybrid was almost comparable toits highly resistant parent ‘Wilcox 321’, suggesting its potential for the future development of resistantcultivars in Thailand. Although the ranking of genotypes varied between screening methods, the resistancelevels of the 26 grapevine genotypes evaluated under laboratory and field conditions were comparablebased on the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of 0.73 (p ≤ 0.01). These results suggest that thelaboratory screening assay is efficient for the rapid, reliable and economical identification of resistanthybrids in grapevine breeding programmes

Banana Peel (Musa ABB cv. Nam Wa Mali-Ong) as a Source of Value-Adding Components and the Functional Properties of Its Bioactive Ingredients

\ua9 2024 by the authors.Banana peel (BP) is the primary by-product generated during banana processing which causes numerous environmental issues. This study examines the physical attributes, proximate analysis, glycoarray profiling, antioxidant abilities, and prebiotic activity of BP. The analysis demonstrated that carbohydrates constituted the primary components of BP and the glycoarray profiling indicated that BP contains multiple pectin and hemicellulose structures. BP also contained phenolic compounds, including (+)-catechin and gallic acid, flavonoid compounds, and antioxidant activities. BP demonstrated prebiotic effects by promoting the proliferation of advantageous gut bacteria while inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. The prebiotic index scores demonstrated that BP exhibited a greater capacity to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in comparison to regular sugar. The study demonstrated the potential of the BP as a valuable source of dietary fibre, bioactive compounds, and prebiotics. These components have beneficial characteristics and can be utilised in the production of food, feed additives, and functional food

Field Diagnosis of Groundnut Diseases

Diseases ar e major constraints to groundnut production throughout the world. This handbook is designed to assist agricultural research and extension workers, wh o may have little formal training in plant pathology, to make tentative diagnosis of diseases of groundnut caused by 31 fungi, 2 bacteria. 9 viruses, a mycoplasma-like organism, 4 nematodes, and a parasitic flowering plant. The most characteristic field symptoms of each disease are Illustrated and descr ibed. It is emphasized that for confirmation of field diagnosi s the assistance of skilled plant pathologists will be requi red in most cases

Field Diagnosis of Groundnut Disease. Information Bulletin No 36(revised)

Diseases are major constraints to groundnut production throughout the world. This handbook is designed to assist agricultural research and extension workers, who may have little formal training in plant pathology, to make tentative diagnosis of diseases of groundnut caused by 29 fungi, 2 bacteria, 11 viruses, a mycoplasma-like organism, 4 nematodes, and a parasitic flowering plant. The most characteristic field symptoms of each disease are illustrated and described. It is emphasized that for confirmation of field diagnosis the assistance of skilled plant pathologists will be required in most cases

Genomic regions associated with resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population

Parents and 318 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross, TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 were evaluated for peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) resistance and agronomic traits under natural infestation of thrips at a disease hotspot location for 2 years. Significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects suggested role of environment in development and spread of the disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using QTL Cartographer identified a total of 14 QTL for six traits of which five QTL were for disease incidence. One quantitative trait locus q60DI located on LG_AhII was identified using both QTL Cartographer and QTL Network. Another QTL q90DI was detected with a high PVE of 12.57 using QTL Cartographer. A total of nine significant additive × additive (AA) interactions were detected for PBND disease incidence and yield traits with two and seven interactions displaying effects in favour of the parental and recombinant genotype combinations, respectively. This is the first attempt on QTL discovery associated with PBND resistance in peanut. Superior RILs identified in the study can be recycled or released as variety following further evaluations

Sequences of the coat protein gene of five peanut stripe virus (PStV) strains from Thailand and their evolutionary relationship with other bean common mosaic virus sequences

The coat protein gene and part of the 3′ non-coding region of five strains of peanut stripe virus (PStV) from Thailand have been cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic comparisons of these strains, known as T1, T3, T5, T6 and T7, and related sequences showed that these strains are indeed strains of PStV. Further, PStV strains appear to be related to each other according to their geographic origin. That is, the Thai strains are more closely related to each other than they are to strains from the USA or Indonesia, despite the variety of symptoms caused by these strains and the overlap of symptom types between the strains from different locations. Like other PStV strains, PStV-Thai can be considered strains of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) but can be distinguished from bean-infecting strains of BCMV and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV) through sequence and host range. No evidence was found that PStV-Thai strains, unlike PStV-Ib, are recombinants of PStV and BlCMV, although the T3 strain may be a recombinant of different PStV sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of viruses of the BCMV group suggest that acquisition of the ability to infect peanut may have occurred only once

Le virus de la striure de l'arachide

Le virus de la striure de l'arachide (peanut stripe virus ou PStV) appartient au groupe des potyvirus. Il se transmet mécaniquement, par les pucerons (de manière non persistante) et par les graines de l'arachide (Arachis hypogaea). Le PStV infecte l'arachide naturellement en Chine, en Inde, en Indonésie, en Malaisie, au Myanmar, aux Philippines, en Thaïlande, aux Etats-Unis et au Vietnam. Les symptômes induits chez l'arachide varient selon les isolats différents du PStv. Des antisérums ont été produits pour plusieurs isolats du PStV et des tests sérologiques sont disponibles pour la détection du virus au niveau des feuilles et des graines. D'après la sérologie et le profil peptidique de la protéine de capside, le PStV est apparenté à la mosaïque du niébé (blackeye cowpea mosaic virus). Des études sur l'organisation génomique du PStV au niveau moléculaire ont été initiées. Les données disponibles jusqu'à maintenant laissent croire que ce virus est étroitement lié au virus de la mosaïque du soja, au virus de la mosaïque de la pastèque (watermelon mosaic virus) et au virus de la mosaïque jaune de la courgette d'Italie (zucchini yellow mosaic virus). Les mesures de lutte contre la maladie sont examinées sur la base des informations épidémiologiques disponible

Le virus de la striure de l'arachide

Background: Further research on effective interventions for patients with peristent Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms (MUPS) in general practice is needed. Prevalence estimates of such patients are conflicting, and other descriptive knowledge is needed for development and evaluation of effective future interventions. In this study, we aimed to estimate the consultation prevalence of patients with persistent MUPS in general practice, including patients’ characteristics and symptom pattern, employment status and use of social benefits, and the general practitioners’ (GPs) management strategy. Method: During a four-week period the participating Norwegian GPs (n = 84) registered all consultations with patients who met a strict definition of MUPS (>3 months duration and function loss), using a questionnaire with simple tick-off questions. Analyses were performed with descriptive statistics for all variables and split analysis on gender and age. Results: The GPs registered 526 patients among their total of 17 688 consultations, giving a consultation prevalence of persistent MUPS of 3%. The mean age of patients was 46 years, and 399 (76%) were women. The most frequent group of symptoms was musculoskeletal problems, followed by asthenia/fatigue. There was no significant gender difference in symptom pattern. Almost half of the patients were currently working (45%), significantly more men. The major GP management strategy was supportive counseling. Conclusion: A consultation prevalence rate of 3% implies that patients with persistent MUPS are common in general practice. Our study disclosed heterogeneity among the patients such as differences in employment status, which emphasizes the importance of personalized focus rather than unsubstantiated stereotyping of “MUPS patients” as a group.publishedVersio