Analogue and digital linear modulation techniques for mobile satellite

The choice of modulation format for a mobile satellite service is complex. The subjective performance is summarized of candidate schemes and voice coder technologies. It is shown that good performance can be achieved with both analogue and digital voice systems, although the analogue system gives superior performance in fading. The results highlight the need for flexibility in the choice of signaling format. Linear transceiver technology capable of using many forms of narrowband modulation is described

No Admixture, Sustainable, Self-Consolidating Grout

The consolidation of grout in concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls is labor-intensive. Also, the grout’s Portland cement content has a high embodied energy demand – a non-sustainable characteristic. For the labor-intensive issue, chemical admixture self-consolidating grouts have been used in walls 12.67 ft. (3.86 m) tall, however the chemical additive can impose new limitations on the grout (non-robust characteristics). No admixture self-consolidating grout with high percentage Portland cement replacement have potential for robust and sustainable application. This paper reports on the consolidation of no admixture self-consolidating grout made by substituting high percentages of Portland cement with Type-F fly ash and/or GGBFS. The percent replacement ranged from 50% to 80% by volume. Single lift test CMU walls were 12.67 ft. (3.86 m) tall. The relative reinforcement consolidation was assessed by comparison to traditional mechanically consolidated grout and also compared to criteria of ACI technical notes for shotcrete. Cure time was 125 days

A probabilistic approach to some results by Nieto and Truax

In this paper, we reconsider some results by Nieto and Truax about generating functions for arbitrary order coherent and squeezed states. These results were obtained using the exponential of the Laplacian operator; more elaborated operational identities were used by Dattoli et al. \cite{Dattoli} to extend these results. In this note, we show that the operational approach can be replaced by a purely probabilistic approach, in the sense that the exponential of derivatives operators can be identified with equivalent expectation operators. This approach brings new insight about the kinks between operational and probabilistic calculus.Comment: 2nd versio

Fuels treatment and wildfire effects on runoff from Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests

We applied an eco-hydrologic model (Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System [RHESSys]), constrained with spatially distributed field measurements, to assess the impacts of forest-fuel treatments and wildfire on hydrologic fluxes in two Sierra Nevada firesheds. Strategically placed fuels treatments were implemented during 2011–2012 in the upper American River in the central Sierra Nevada (43 km2) and in the upper Fresno River in the southern Sierra Nevada (24 km2). This study used the measured vegetation changes from mechanical treatments and modelled vegetation change from wildfire to determine impacts on the water balance. The well-constrained headwater model was transferred to larger catchments based on geologic and hydrologic similarities. Fuels treatments covered 18% of the American and 29% of the Lewis catchment. Averaged over the entire catchment, treatments in the wetter central Sierra Nevada resulted in a relatively light vegetation decrease (8%), leading to a 12% runoff increase, averaged over wet and dry years. Wildfire with and without forest treatments reduced vegetation by 38% and 50% and increased runoff by 55% and 67%, respectively. Treatments in the drier southern Sierra Nevada also reduced the spatially averaged vegetation by 8%, but the runoff response was limited to an increase of less than 3% compared with no treatment. Wildfire following treatments reduced vegetation by 40%, increasing runoff by 13%. Changes to catchment-scale water-balance simulations were more sensitive to canopy cover than to leaf area index, indicating that the pattern as well as amount of vegetation treatment is important to hydrologic response

Minimal coupling method and the dissipative scalar field theory

Quantum field theory of a damped vibrating string as the simplest dissipative scalar field investigated by its coupling with an infinit number of Klein-Gordon fields as the environment by introducing a minimal coupling method. Heisenberg equation containing a dissipative term proportional to velocity obtained for a special choice of coupling function and quantum dynamics for such a dissipative system investigated. Some kinematical relations calculated by tracing out the environment degrees of freedom. The rate of energy flowing between the system and it's environment obtained.Comment: 15 pages, no figur

Performance of no vibration / no admixture masonry grout containing high replacement of Portland cement with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag

When hollow concrete masonry is used for construction in high seismic regions, structural designs typically require fully grouted walls. For a fully grouted 203x203x406 mm (8x8x16) concrete masonry unit (CMU), 52 percent of total volume is grout. Grouting process is labor-intensive, time consuming and has a high energy demand due to requirements of consolidation in each and subsequent grout lifts. Self-consolidating grout with admixtures has been successfully used without segregation in walls of up to 3.86 m (12.67 ft.) in height. Investigation of self-consolidating grout mixes without admixtures has potential for sustainability improvement. This paper reports on the compression strength and consolidation observations of self-consolidating characteristics of no vibration/no admixture grout made by substituting various proportions of Portland cement with Type F fly ash and/or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The percentages of Portland cement replacement were 0%, 50%, 60%, and 70% for Type F fly ash replacement. The percentages of Portland cement replacement were 0%, 60%, 70% and 80% for Type F fly ash and GGBFS. Compression test specimens were made from individual 203x203x406 mm (8x8x16) concrete masonry hollow core units, where the cells were filled with no vibration/ no admixture grout. The specimens were dry cured and compression testing performed at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 130 days. Consolidation testing specimen walls were 3.86 m (12.67 ft.) tall by 1.22 m (4.0 ft.) long with 203x203x406 mm (8x8x16) CMU. The relative performance assessed by comparing to traditional grouted masonry and evaluating consolidation characteristics around mortar fins and reinforcement at 130 days as well as compressive strength of the grout at various wall heights

Geodesics around Weyl-Bach's Ring Solution

We explore some of the gravitational features of a uniform ring both in the Newtonian potential theory and in General Relativity. We use a spacetime associated to a Weyl static solution of the vacuum Einstein's equations with ring like singularity. The Newtonian motion for a test particle in the gravitational field of the ring is studied and compared with the corresponding geodesic motion in the given spacetime. We have found a relativistic peculiar attraction: free falling particle geodesics are lead to the inner rim but never hit the ring.Comment: 8 figures, 14 pages. LaTeX w/ subfigure, graphic

Magnetic field driven instability of charged center in graphene

It is shown that a magnetic field dramatically affects the problem of supercritical charge in graphene making any charge in gapless theory supercritical. The cases of radially symmetric potential well and Coulomb center in an homogeneous magnetic field are considered. The local density of states and polarization charge density are calculated in the first order of perturbation theory. It is argued that the magnetically induced instability of the supercritical Coulomb center can be considered as a quantum mechanical counterpart of the magnetic catalysis phenomenon in graphene.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; to be published in PR

Perturbations and Critical Behavior in the Self-Similar Gravitational Collapse of a Massless Scalar Field

This paper studies the perturbations of the continuously self-similar critical solution of the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field (Roberts solution). The perturbation equations are derived and solved exactly. The perturbation spectrum is found to be not discrete, but occupying continuous region of the complex plane. The renormalization group calculation gives the value of the mass-scaling exponent equal to 1.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX 3.1, 1 figur