13 research outputs found
SEMI-SYNTHETIC PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE CLARIFICATION OF CURVULIDE A
This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation (project β 20-74-00093)
ΠΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ : ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ, Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Candida spp.
Relevance. The global trend of rapid increase in resistance to antifungal drugs due to multiple factors, dictates the need for continuous monitoring of taxonomic structure and susceptibility of nosocomial pathogens, causing invasive fungal infections, for permanent correction of the optimal prevention and treatment strategies.Purpose: to determine antifungal susceptibility of the main yeast pathogens in candidemia in cancer patients, as well as to determine resistance genes and pathogenic factor genes.Material and Methods. Eighty-two strains of Candida spp. isolated from blood of cancer patients from 2015 to 2021 were analyzed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of fuconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin and micafungin were determined by a gradient method (E-test, BioMerieux, France). The EUCAST and CLSI criteria were used for MIC value assessment. The genes, associated with pathogenicity factors, and resistance to antifungal drugs were identifed.Results. Our study results based on EUCAST 2020, v.10.0 criteria showed that triazoles, especially fuconazole, were the least effective drugs in empirical therapy for invasive candidiasis (including candidemia). Resistance of Candida spp. fuconazole was superior to that of voriconazole (47.2 % vs 23.2 %, respectively, p<0.01) and posaconazole (47.2 % vs 30.4 %, respectively, p><0.05). The highest in vitro activity was observed in echinocandins, and anidulafungin was 2 times more active than micafungin (4.1 % of resistant strains vs 11.4 %, respectively), with no statistically signifcant difference (p>0.05). The ERG11 and FKS1 genes associated with resistance to antifungal drugs were detected in 28.6 % of Candida spp. strains. The ERG11 gene was detected in 8.6 % of cases, exclusively in Candida albicans strains. The FKS1 gene was identifed in 20.0 % of strains (85.7 % of them were C. parapsilosis, 7.1 % each were C. tropicalis and C. glabrata). Pathogenic factor genes were identifed in 78.6 % of C. albicans and in 79.1 % of C. parapsilosis strains.Conclusion. Molecular genetic methods for the detection of Candida spp strains carrying resistance genes to antifungal drugs, and the determination of pathogenicity factors are promising trends in searching for biomarkers. They facilitate interpretation of results of microbiological study to assess the ability of Candida spp. strains to develop invasive mycoses.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 82 ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Candida spp., Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2015β21 Π³Π³. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°, Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°, Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ (Π-ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, BioMerieux, France). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ EUCAST ΠΈ CLSI. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ EUCAST) Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π° (Π² Ρ. Ρ. ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ) Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ», ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Candida spp. ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ (47,2 % ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 23,2 %, p<0,01) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ (47,2 % ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 30,4 %, p><0,05). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ in vitro ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° (4,1 % ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 11,4 %), Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ ERG11 ΠΈ FKS1, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 28,6 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida spp.. ΠΠ΅Π½ ERG11 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² 8,6 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida albicans. ΠΠ΅Π½ FKS1 ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ 20,0 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² (85,7 % β C. parapsilosis, ΠΏΠΎ 7,1 % β C. tropicalis ΠΈ C. glabrata). ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 78,6 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² C. albicans ΠΈ Ρ 79,1 % ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² C. parapsilosis. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida spp., Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β><Β 0,01) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ (47,2 % ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 30,4 %, p<0,05). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ in vitro ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° (4,1 % ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 11,4 %), Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ ERG11 ΠΈ FKS1, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 28,6 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida spp.. ΠΠ΅Π½ ERG11 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² 8,6 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida albicans. ΠΠ΅Π½ FKS1 ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ 20,0 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² (85,7 % β C. parapsilosis, ΠΏΠΎ 7,1 % β C. tropicalis ΠΈ C. glabrata). ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 78,6 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² C. albicans ΠΈ Ρ 79,1 % ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² C. parapsilosis. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida spp., Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β>< 0,05). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ in vitro ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° (4,1 % ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 11,4 %), Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ ERG11 ΠΈ FKS1, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 28,6 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida spp.. ΠΠ΅Π½ ERG11 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² 8,6 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida albicans. ΠΠ΅Π½ FKS1 ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ 20,0 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² (85,7 % β C. parapsilosis, ΠΏΠΎ 7,1 % β C. tropicalis ΠΈ C. glabrata). ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 78,6 % ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² C. albicans ΠΈ Ρ 79,1 % ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² C. parapsilosis.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida spp., Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Candida spp. ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²
The origin and composition of carbonatite-derived carbonate-bearing fluorapatite deposits
Carbonate-bearing fluorapatite rocks occur at over 30 globally distributed carbonatite complexes and represent a substantial potential supply of phosphorus for the fertiliser industry. However, the process(es) involved in forming carbonate-bearing fluorapatite at some carbonatites remain equivocal, with both hydrothermal and weathering mechanisms inferred. In this contribution, we compare the paragenesis and trace element contents of carbonate-bearing fluorapatite rocks from the Kovdor, Sokli, Bukusu, CatalΓ£o I and Glenover carbonatites in order to further understand their origin, as well as to comment upon the concentration of elements that may be deleterious to fertiliser production. The paragenesis of apatite from each deposit is broadly equivalent, comprising residual magmatic grains overgrown by several different stages of carbonate-bearing fluorapatite. The first forms epitactic overgrowths on residual magmatic grains, followed by the formation of massive apatite which, in turn, is cross-cut by late euhedral and colloform apatite generations. Compositionally, the paragenetic sequence corresponds to a substantial decrease in the concentration of rare earth elements (REE), Sr, Na and Th, with an increase in U and Cd. The carbonate-bearing fluorapatite exhibits a negative Ce anomaly, attributed to oxic conditions in a surficial environment and, in combination with the textural and compositional commonality, supports a weathering origin for these rocks. Carbonate-bearing fluorapatite has Th contents which are several orders of magnitude lower than magmatic apatite grains, potentially making such apatite a more environmentally attractive feedstock for the fertiliser industry. Uranium and cadmium contents are higher in carbonate-bearing fluorapatite than magmatic carbonatite apatite, but are much lower than most marine phosphorites
Antibacterial Activity of Benzydamine Hydrochloride against Clinical Isolates of Bacteria, isolated from people in Russia and Spain
Aim to study antibacterial activity of benzydamine hydrochloride, against clinic isolated of bacteria, located in hospitals in Russia and compare this data to results of similar trail of Spanish isolates.MaterialsΒ andΒ methodΒ for this study were used clinical isolatesΒ of bacteria,Β which are counted as typical agentsΒ of infections in otorhinolaryngology and gynecology. Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp. and StreptococcusΒ spp.,Β isolated from patientsΒ in RussiansΒ hospitals;Β referenceΒ strainsΒ Escherichia coli, StaphylococcusΒ aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, from ATCC collection; and also, Lactobacillus acidophilus strain, isolated from probiotic drug Β«LactobacterinΒ». Antibacterial activity of benzydamine hydrochloride was evaluated with serial dilution method in agar. For comparison of results we used data of Spanish study of benzydamine activity against clinical isolates and reference strains. The Spanish Study was completed in microbiological department of San-Pau hospital in Barcelona in 2001.Results.Β It was indicated that minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of benzydamine hydrochloride for clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positiveΒ bacteria, isolated from Russian and Spanish hospitals is about the same level: for E. coli it was 640 β 1280Β mg/l, for K. pneumoniaeΒ β 512β1280Β mg/l, for S. aureusΒ β 256β1280Β mg/l, for S. agalactiaeΒ β 320β1280Β mg/l, for S. pyogenes β 256β640 mg/l, for E. faecalis β 512 mg/l, for E. faecium β 256 mg/l, for S. mitis β 640 mg/l, for S. epidermidis 320 β 1280 mg/l, for S. pneumoniaeΒ βΒ 40 mg/l, for S. viridansΒ βΒ 40 mg/l. The same data was obtained by assessment of sensitivity to benzydamine hydrochloride reference-strains from ATCC collection: for E. coli MIC was 512 β 640 mg/l, for S. aureus β 512 β 640 mg/l, for S. agalactiae β 320 mg/l, for S. pneumoniae β 640 mg/l. Probiotic strain L. acidophilus was resistant to benzydamine hydrochloride activity with MIC = 20000 mg/l. Conclusion: It was indicated that antimicrobial activity of benzydamine hydrochloride against clinical strains, isolated from the patients of hospitals in Russia and Spain. Also, resistance of probiotic strain of lactobacteria was detected to this drug, which indicates the possibility of benzydamine hydrochloride application in clinical practice in otorhinolaryngologyΒ and gynecology without risk of negative influence on normal lactobacterial flora
Model of the Radio Images of Objects in Holographic In-Plane Surveillance Radar Systems Based on an Analytical Approximation Method
Capsule-Targeting Depolymerases Derived from <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Prophage Regions
In this study, several different depolymerases encoded in the prophage regions of Acinetobacter baumannii genomes have been bioinformatically predicted and recombinantly produced. The identified depolymerases possessed multi-domain structures and were identical or closely homologous to various proteins encoded in other A. baumannii genomes. This means that prophage-derived depolymerases are widespread, and different bacterial genomes can be the source of proteins with polysaccharide-degrading activities. For two depolymerases, the specificity to capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of A. baumannii belonging to K1 and K92 capsular types (K types) was determined. The data obtained showed that the prophage-derived depolymerases were glycosidases that cleaved the A. baumannii CPSs by the hydrolytic mechanism to yield monomers and oligomers of the K units. The recombinant proteins with established enzymatic activity significantly reduced the mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with A. baumannii of K1 and K92 capsular types. Therefore, these enzymes can be considered as suitable candidates for the development of new antibacterials against corresponding A. baumannii K types