Structural transformations of the economy in the Pacific Region of Russia and efficiency trends

Pacific Russia is viewed as an aqua-territorial macro-region that encompasses the Far Eastern Federal District and the adjacent water area within the 200-mile maritime economic zone. The macro-region has a wealth of natural resources at land and on sea, opportunities for the use of sea transport to link Russia and Europe with the countries of Asia-Pacific Region. Pacific Russia is divided into 2 latitudinal zones — the northern zone and southern zone, which include the territories of northern and southern constituents of the Russian Far Eastern Federal District. The combinations of activities by constituent entities and latitudinal zones are considered as the territorial structures of the economy. This article reveals the differences in socio-economic capacity and development level of these latitudinal zones. The authors have assessed the structural transformations in the economy of latitudinal zones in 2004–2013 by taking into account the changes of similar activities in the constituent entities and their ratios measured as a share of value added. This allowed to identify the transformations of territorial economic structures in the latitudinal zones. Over this period, the greatest changes of economic structures occurred in the northern zone. In the southern zone, the structural transformations of the economy were smaller, except for the Sakhalin region. In all latitudinal zones, there was a decrease in the share of manufacturing industries and the increase in the share of extractive industries. The article compares the generalized assessment of changes in the social and economic efficiency (by the growth of population income, labor productivity, and profits) with the structural changes in the economy of the constituent entities of Pacific Russia. The authors note that an important premise for building a sufficiently sustainable system of interregional division of labor in Pacific Russia is the location of extractive industries and initial stages of the manufacturing industry activities in the northern zone, while the major manufacturing industries and interregional transport and logistics services are located in the southern zone. This article is intended for experts and students interested in the development problems of Russia’s eastern regions.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation Grant “Factors, mechanisms and types of structural transformation and modernization of territorial socio-economic systems in Pacific Russia” (№ 14–18–03185)

Spatial Differentiation of the Economic Structure of the Russian Regions of the Arctic Zone

The Regions located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation implement an important function in the development of an export potential of the country. The richest nature-resource potential of the land and the sea should be considered as the favorable factors of manufacture development in the Arctic zone. The negative factors constraining the development of the Arctic zone are as follows: severe nature-climatic conditions; considerable remoteness of the region from the subjects of the Russian Federation being socially and economically more developed; weak economic (including infrastructural) mastering of this territory; a low demographic potential of the population. The goal of the studies is to reveal the existing spatial differentiation of the economic activities in the northern latitude areas of the country. The authors have compiled several diagrams and maps to estimate the differences in the branch structure of gross value added of the subjects of the Arctic zone of Russia. Besides that, a variance of the areas’ shares in comparison with the average value of the Russian Federation as a whole has been estimated. The analysis of the features of spatial differentiation of the economic activities of the Arctic regions allows us to determine the certain tendencies of the development of economic structures for the future. The article is intended for those experts and students who are interested in the problems of the development of the northern regions of the Russian Federation.The research was supported by the Program for Fundamental Studies Support of the Presidium of the RAS (No. 44 P) “Exploratory Fundamental Research in Aimed at the Development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”

Light Curve Models of Supernovae and X-ray spectra of Supernova Remnants

We compare parameters of well-observed type II SN1999em derived by M.Hamuy and D.Nadyozhin based on Litvinova-Nadyozhin (1985) analytic fits with those found from the simulations with our radiative hydro code Stella. The difference of SN parameters is quite large for the long distance scale. The same code applied to models of SN1993J allows us to estimate systematic errors of extracting foreground extinction toward SN1993J suggested by Clocchiatti et al. (1995). A new implicit two-temperature hydro code code Supremna is introduced which self-consistently takes into account the kinetics of ionization, electron thermal conduction, and radiative losses for predicting X-ray spectra of young supernova remnants such as Tycho and Kepler.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, Supernovae as Cosmological Lighthouses, Padua, June 16- 19, 2004, eds. M.Turatto et al., ASP Conference Serie

Effect of the C-bridge length on the ultraviolet-resistance of oxycarbosilane low-k films

The ultra-violet (UV) and vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) resistance of bridging alkylene groups in organosilica films has been investigated. Similar to the Si-CH3 (methyl) bonds, the Si-CH2-Si (methylene) bonds are not affected by 5.6 eV irradiation. On the other hand, the concentration of the Si-CH2-CH2-Si (ethylene) groups decreases during such UV exposure. More significant difference in alkylene reduction is observed when the films are exposed to VUV (7.2 eV). The ethylene groups are depleted by more than 75% while only about 40% methylene and methyl groups loss is observed. The different sensitivity of bridging groups to VUV light should be taken into account during the development of curing and plasma etch processes of low-k materials based on periodic mesoporous organosilicas and oxycarbosilanes. The experimental results are qualitatively supported by ab-initio quantum-chemical calculations

Superconductivity on the localization threshold and magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition in TiN films

Temperature- and magnetic-field dependent measurements of the resistance of ultrathin superconducting TiN films are presented. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the zero field resistance indicates an underlying insulating behavior, when the contribution of Aslamasov-Larkin fluctuations is taken into account. This demonstrates the possibility of coexistence of the superconducting and insulating phases and of a direct transition from the one to the other. The scaling behavior of magnetic field data is in accordance with a superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) driven by quantum phase fluctuations in two-dimensional superconductor. The temperature dependence of the isomagnetic resistance data on the high-field side of the SIT has been analyzed and the presence of an insulating phase was confirmed. A transition from the insulating to a metallic phase is found at high magnetic fields, where the zero-temperature asymptotic value of the resistance being equal to h/e^2.Comment: 5 pages, 4 eps figures, RevTeX4, Published versio